tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-10330152404604372002024-03-26T23:36:31.424-07:00Remembering Baltimore and BeyondThe purpose of this blog is to post essays on neglected aspects of Baltimore City history intended to demonstrate how underutilized archival resources can be mined to recall the forgotten lives and neighborhoods that were once a vibrant component of the City of Promise. It also reaches beyond the borders of the city to the rest of Maryland, with essays on sources and topics related to Maryland History and Archives. ecpcliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01498580508411177787noreply@blogger.comBlogger62125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1033015240460437200.post-79715145667739213962024-02-15T20:55:00.000-08:002024-02-15T20:56:49.585-08:00On the Road from Washington To Cooksville: Celebrating Black History Month in Howard County<iframe src="https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vRNvs3RX7HKCyXTJRHrR6VCYWF0AVVXKvEWOn-lw_BQYTNYrGW5wvcBT3EVx2Ae1rBLXlsgV2GxShtd/pub" width="1000" height="900"></iframe>ecpcliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01498580508411177787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1033015240460437200.post-42450269641366488612023-12-04T14:59:00.000-08:002023-12-04T14:59:00.790-08:00Has it changed for the better?<iframe src="https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vTiRxNpZm82dEuHcTAFgmK0ynKt0B9HsAvRmB66KjcCQCKVGzKm3tabZ1qD4NUZkPbNYXg2H900RZP4/pub?embedded=true" width="1000" height="870"></iframe>ecpcliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01498580508411177787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1033015240460437200.post-3376964326504784412023-11-01T21:03:00.002-07:002023-11-01T21:07:21.992-07:00Glass Plate Slides of Baltimore and Beyond: Koontz Creamery, Gilman Hall, Lang's Pickles, and The Wenonah, a Mississippi Tugboat
<iframe src="https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vQMlM0Y7lCHhee95PAt8Kro_E_FLox90Ucf3bwGzcUS1_Jd_FxLcgvBw04x1fpskpgNSC-Blb7VYyiY/pub" width="1000" height="870"></iframe>ecpcliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01498580508411177787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1033015240460437200.post-31107745014562839942023-07-01T10:24:00.011-07:002023-07-02T20:06:51.566-07:00Reflections: Virtual Reality, Critical Thinking, and Access to A Permanent, Truthful Record of the Past<iframe src="https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vRE-xCMNHqZGRgBWzb6d_pKNmlWNciabs9_xF7yew5BXhWWG0FD-bzEpR6q7gyty_FUHLdSKOCWDkVl/pub?embedded=true" width="1000" height="870"></iframe>ecpcliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01498580508411177787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1033015240460437200.post-52138470503742317972023-05-16T12:16:00.018-07:002023-05-18T15:39:14.488-07:00Johns Hopkins' Garden Estate at Clifton, 39°19′15″N 76°34′58″W<iframe src="https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vSKrxFUMvWXhGLPUtNuwzrzx1SHz9Z-iRNoOWVN7MHFkkY1zaeh-LdOlb6Ws2CWysLFnXLbRbvrVRcv/pub?embedded=true" width="1000" height="900"></iframe>
ecpcliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01498580508411177787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1033015240460437200.post-19398537886625445212023-05-10T04:13:00.018-07:002023-07-02T20:08:36.041-07:00A tale of two documents relating to slavery and Quakers on Maryland’s Eastern Shore, Job Ben Solomon and Ruth Cox<iframe src="https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vSimDrWpkBanPF_wNS_-gQqwtCxslTyj94zU9MCaI_2wigxcpROFzs4s_LBInR0LiR7_RdXcai1abGp/pub?embedded=true" width="1000" height="900"></iframe>ecpcliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01498580508411177787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1033015240460437200.post-70118107106926331652023-02-25T05:50:00.007-08:002023-07-02T19:35:38.037-07:00Johns Hopkins and Slavery: draft for comment and review<iframe src="https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vSe7wP2-ueJP8f2U7p5LKj7lzYLApzlz0iW0AwrRUecXj4RCBz6Aa_YE4NxqSBrJjADVCiwxU6liMYV/pub?embedded=true" width="800" height="900"></iframe>ecpcliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01498580508411177787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1033015240460437200.post-84556063621405710732022-05-19T07:39:00.004-07:002023-07-02T20:14:09.728-07:00Celebrating the Birthday of Johns Hopkins (1795-1873), May 19<iframe src="https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vQdk-IyRPO3Oqi7EHjzG3aLXHiED2OHdwOeefGUVDONMo9jYdUsZcb2TQGyiecJAlfpRgHAPZJMva8y/pub?embedded=true" width=1000 height=900></iframe>ecpcliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01498580508411177787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1033015240460437200.post-21883100116075914952022-04-01T21:11:00.001-07:002022-04-06T14:50:04.766-07:00Research Strategies: Baltimore and the War of 1812<html><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; 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Papenfuse, Maryland State Archivist, retired</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:482.50px;height:711.38px"><img alt="" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/UN9s68SFfxCgpNTgnwGrNmVqzj5woIbcigCzo9gxlF6oZE9QaAj96ji4WiXF53tGSKeY6mnY0hZ_5K2AatYbyMtNIob81khS1sEtHPD2Hyxn1ixx6Ss5IjHLOz8N4b0nLOdUAScV" style="width:482.50px;height:711.38px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Detail of the defenses on the approach to Baltimore from James Kearney “Sketch of the Military Topography of Baltimore and Its vicinity and of Patapsco Neck to North Point,” 1814, National Archives</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.0;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#202122;font-weight:400">For an overview of the British invasion of the Chesapeake see Scott Sheads, </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#202122;font-weight:400;font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Chesapeake Campaigns of 1813-1815</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#202122;font-weight:400">. Scott Sheads' </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#202122;font-weight:400;font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">The War of 1812 in the Chesapeake: A Reference Guide to Maryland, Virginia and the District of Columbia</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#202122;font-weight:400"> (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010) and the Maryland Center for History and Culture's </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#3366bb;font-weight:400;font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://21346h1fi8e438kioxb61pns-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/GuideToWarOf1812Resources_2020.pdf%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1649285244283681%26usg%3DAOvVaw1y9tvQ9z3CUF3fDNUWkK26&source=gmail-html&ust=1649368117624000&usg=AOvVaw3jh8BEWVaa4Wq4M6-DQlbQ" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Guide to Sources</a></span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#202122;font-weight:400"> provide an excellent starting point for exploring the military aspect of the war. They should be supplemented by recourse to the records at the Baltimore City Archives, especially record group BRG22, and to the records at the Maryland State Archives, especially record series MdSA S931. Both are introduced here with links to the records online, some of which are only available from </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#3366bb;font-weight:400"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://transcribedoc.net%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1649285244284121%26usg%3DAOvVaw0i5LqVffE3DeaPFmCTpcnt&source=gmail-html&ust=1649368117624000&usg=AOvVaw2WE3RvWM4XK3GQQ7Kpwdtv" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://transcribedoc.net</a></span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#202122;font-weight:400">, the research wiki related to </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#3366bb;font-weight:400"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://rememberingbaltimore.net%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1649285244284390%26usg%3DAOvVaw0a0NYz3R_mreJL9NLv_mM9&source=gmail-html&ust=1649368117624000&usg=AOvVaw3cI9B3Sn0VPnvgRLMsTBeG" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://rememberingbaltimore.<wbr>net</a></span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt1" id="m_ftnt_ref1" rel="noreferrer">[1]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Future blog entries will explore the records at the British National Archives, especially those related to sailors from the Chesapeake Bay region who were incarcerated in British Prisons such as Dartmoor during the War of 1812.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="background-color:#fefefe;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><hr style="page-break-before:always;display:none"><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="background-color:#fefefe;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:center"><span style="background-color:#fefefe;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">I</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="background-color:#fefefe;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:center"><span style="background-color:#fefefe;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">BALTIMORE CITY</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:center"><span style="background-color:#fefefe;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">BALTIMORE CITY ARCHIVES</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:center"><span style="background-color:#fefefe;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(War of 1812 Records)</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:center"><span style="background-color:#fefefe;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1812-1826</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:center"><span style="background-color:#fefefe;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">BRG22</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:center"><span style="background-color:#fefefe;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Series Descriptions</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;padding-left:9.3pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#fefefe;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding-top:9.3pt;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;padding-bottom:9.3pt;line-height:1.0;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;padding-right:9.3pt"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Baltimore's preparations for defense in this war centered around efforts to repair, strengthen, and renovate Fort McHenry on Whetstone Point. Smaller redoubts such as Fort Covington and Babcock were built further up the Middle Branch of the Patapsco River to support Fort McHenry. Hampstead Hill (now Patterson Park) also was fortified. The Committee of Vigilance and Safety, headed by Mayor Edward Johnson, was the coordinating and planning unit for the defense of Baltimore, including the equipping and supporting of the militia. Major General Samuel Smith, the commanding officer of the Maryland Militia, worked closely with this committee in coordinating and planning the defense of the city.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;padding-left:9.3pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#fefefe;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding-top:9.3pt;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;padding-bottom:9.3pt;line-height:1.0;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;padding-right:9.3pt"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">In August 1814 Washington, D.C. was invaded and burned by British troops and on September 12th the British landed at North Point at the mouth of the Patapsco River. An American force, made up of Maryland and Pennsylvania militia, sailed from Baltimore and under General John Strieker engaged the British force in a two hour stalemate and retreated to Baltimore. On September 13th the British advanced on Baltimore and shelled Fort McHenry with cannon fire, bombs, and rockets in an attempt to weaken the city's defences for a land attack. A night landing was attempted below Fort McHenry but was repelled by heavy fire. The harbor was shallow (ships were also deliberately sunk in the harbor of the city) and the larger British ships were unable to maneuver close to the city to cover a land assault. After the attack Baltimore continued strengthening its defenses, repairing damage to Fort McHenry and other fortifications.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;padding-left:9.3pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#fefefe;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding-top:9.3pt;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;padding-bottom:9.3pt;line-height:1.0;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;padding-right:9.3pt"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">A helpful study concerning the municipal government's involvement is</span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://mdhs.msa.maryland.gov/pages/Viewer.aspx?speccol%253D5881%2526Series%253D1%2526Item%253D263%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1649285244286166%26usg%3DAOvVaw3EAN0XYfvl30UOktYv3N43&source=gmail-html&ust=1649368117624000&usg=AOvVaw0vKRZAAUHBYqYQCKKO_uYR" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"> Frank A. Cassel's "Response to Crisis: Baltimore in 1814," Maryland Historical Magazine 66 (Fall, 1971): 261-87</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;padding-left:9.3pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#fefefe;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding-top:9.3pt;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;padding-bottom:9.3pt;line-height:1.0;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;padding-right:9.3pt"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">BRG 22-1</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">1813-1815</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">War of 1812 Records</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;padding-left:9.3pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#fefefe;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding-top:9.3pt;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;padding-bottom:9.3pt;line-height:1.0;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;padding-right:9.3pt"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">This series contains a wide variety of records relating to Baltimore's involvement in the war originally indexed by the Historical Records Survey (HRS). The numbers on stickers on the backs of documents correspond to the HRS inventory numbers. The original HRS inventory is to be found online at the Maryland State Archives, </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://guide.msa.maryland.gov/pages/series.aspx?action%253Dviewseries%2526id%253Dce40%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1649285244287034%26usg%3DAOvVaw2nTTZSC6sNfLBozA_hxt9P&source=gmail-html&ust=1649368117624000&usg=AOvVaw3rfSzwAHBbge2BdCRJv3TN" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">series CE40</a></span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">, explained in the </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://mdhistory.msa.maryland.gov/bc_archives_wpa/html/bca_wpa_index.html%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1649285244287388%26usg%3DAOvVaw3fWlh2nqLl6t1RRwdaWvsd&source=gmail-html&ust=1649368117624000&usg=AOvVaw1wVXB2laV46w1pb5Uk4QOT" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">introduction to the series</a></span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt2" id="m_ftnt_ref2" rel="noreferrer">[2]</a></sup><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""> The HRS inventory volume covering the Baltimore City records relating to the War of 1812 is </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/coagsere/ce1/ce40/000000/000001/pdf/mdsa_ce40_1.pdf%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1649285244287788%26usg%3DAOvVaw1EMPK_Dru7gxsCtE6FxOdz&source=gmail-html&ust=1649368117624000&usg=AOvVaw3CCCDUWvX0CvORojiWuEcT" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">on line as a searchable pdf</a></span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt3" id="m_ftnt_ref3" rel="noreferrer">[3]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;padding-left:9.3pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#fefefe;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding-top:9.3pt;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;padding-bottom:9.3pt;line-height:1.0;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;padding-right:9.3pt"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">For a discussion of the role of the HRS in inventorying public records see </span><span style="background-color:#fefefe;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> </span><span style="background-color:#fefefe;color:#353e42;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://mdhistory.msa.maryland.gov/Baltimore_City_Archives/bc_archives_wpa/html/modicum.pdf%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1649285244288308%26usg%3DAOvVaw3Rolqhfq2Sg3Or2_Jm3x2D&source=gmail-html&ust=1649368117624000&usg=AOvVaw08iBFztZqixoR0GpMEQsj1" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Edward C. Papenfuse, "A Modicum of Commitment: The Present and Future Importance of the Historical Records Survey."</a></span><span style="background-color:#fefefe;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> </span><span style="background-color:#fefefe;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">The American Archivist</span><span style="background-color:#fefefe;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">, April 1974.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;padding-left:9.3pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#fefefe;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding-top:9.3pt;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;padding-bottom:9.3pt;line-height:1.0;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;padding-right:9.3pt"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">The 1813 documents in series one (HRS nos. 549-940) include correspondence relating to the defense of Baltimore; miscellaneous bills, receipts, and vouchers for arms, repairs, construction, and labor; muster rolls for the months of April and May for the Baltimore Mechanical Volunteers, Fifth Regiment Maryland Cavalry and Maryland Militia, First Baltimore Maryland Riflemen, First Regiment Artillery, Sixth Regiment Maryland Militia, payrolls for the months of April and May for the Fifth Regiment Maryland Cavalry and Maryland Militia; First Regiment Artillery, Fifty-first Regiment Maryland Militia, First Baltimore Maryland Riflemen, and Sixth Regiment Maryland Militia; and subsistence accounts for the months of April and May for the Baltimore Mechanical Volunteers, Fifth Regiment Maryland Cavalry and Maryland Militia, First Baltimore Maryland Riflemen, First Regiment Artillery, Sixth Regiment Maryland Militia, and Thirty-ninth Regiment Maryland Regiment. </span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;padding-left:9.3pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#fefefe;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding-top:9.3pt;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;padding-bottom:9.3pt;line-height:1.0;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;padding-right:9.3pt"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">The 1814 documents (HRS nos. 462-1732) are of a different nature and substance. Correspondence to the Committee of Vigilance and Safety for the defense of the city for the period February to December concern construction, military equipment, laborers, and pay, as well as some letters from Major General Samuel Smith. Correspondence from the committee for the period April to December concern construction and loans. </span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;padding-left:9.3pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#fefefe;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding-top:9.3pt;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;padding-bottom:9.3pt;line-height:1.0;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;padding-right:9.3pt"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Subsequent documents include a list of the members of the committee, receipts, and bills of sale and licenses for some ships; vouchers relating to music, labor, arms, construction, repair work, iron work, and coffins; daily morning reports for the Twenty-seventh Regiment, Maryland Militia, cover its individual companies; daily and weekly reports of the regiment; and correspondence with abstracts of disbursements to officers and men of the militia.</span></p><ul class="m_lst-kix_2usptg2emj8p-0 m_start" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#f7f7de;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding-top:9.3pt;border-right-width:0pt;padding-bottom:9.3pt;line-height:1.0;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0;padding-right:9.3pt"><span style="color:#353e42;font-weight:700;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://mdhistory.msa.maryland.gov/bca_brg22/bca_brg22_1/html/bca_brg22_1-0002.html%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1649285244289145%26usg%3DAOvVaw3GSNji505VxuDqlZ4JIqAW&source=gmail-html&ust=1649368117624000&usg=AOvVaw14iokYTAI-j2W0EEqVZb3G" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">an e-book of BRG 22-1, (War of 1812 Records) series</a></span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""> (without transcriptions)</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt4" id="m_ftnt_ref4" rel="noreferrer">[4]</a></sup></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#f7f7de;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding-top:9.3pt;border-right-width:0pt;padding-bottom:9.3pt;line-height:1.0;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0;padding-right:9.3pt"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://transcribedoc.net/msa_brg22_old/html/msa-sc5458-45-20-0002.html%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1649285244289571%26usg%3DAOvVaw1cdcQfiEYx_rRXaErhQ2ib&source=gmail-html&ust=1649368117624000&usg=AOvVaw1bP4iU4sDiSiv9AfqAw92Z" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">an e-book of BRG 22-1 with partial transcriptions of the series</a></span></li></ul><hr style="page-break-before:always;display:none"><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;padding-left:9.3pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#fefefe;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:center;padding-top:9.3pt;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;padding-bottom:9.3pt;line-height:1.0;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;padding-right:9.3pt"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;padding-left:9.3pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#fefefe;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding-top:9.3pt;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;padding-bottom:9.3pt;line-height:1.0;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;padding-right:9.3pt"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">BRG 22-2</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;padding-left:9.3pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#fefefe;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding-top:9.3pt;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;padding-bottom:9.3pt;line-height:1.0;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;padding-right:9.3pt"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">1820</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;padding-left:9.3pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#fefefe;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding-top:9.3pt;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;padding-bottom:9.3pt;line-height:1.0;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;padding-right:9.3pt"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Pensions</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;padding-left:9.3pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#fefefe;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding-top:9.3pt;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;padding-bottom:9.3pt;line-height:1.0;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;padding-right:9.3pt"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Two letters from Louis Gassaway to Thomas Rogers, notary public, regarding pension monies due Gassaway's sister. One document transmits the sister's affidavit required in the investigation of her claim; the affidavit is not present. Gassaway explains the circumstances surrounding the claim in the other document and questions Rogers as to how to have this pension continued.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;padding-left:9.3pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#fefefe;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding-top:9.3pt;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;padding-bottom:9.3pt;line-height:1.0;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;padding-right:9.3pt"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://transcribedoc.net/bca_brg_22/bca_brg22_1_2/html/bca_brg22_1_2-0001.html%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1649285244290346%26usg%3DAOvVaw0fyoSQTMPzfrdTS3aBHxEE&source=gmail-html&ust=1649368117624000&usg=AOvVaw1rPmKxYAs6ky-m75L1acLp" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">BRG 22-2 online</a></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;padding-left:9.3pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#fefefe;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding-top:9.3pt;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;padding-bottom:9.3pt;line-height:1.0;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;padding-right:9.3pt"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">BRG 22-3</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;padding-left:9.3pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#fefefe;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding-top:9.3pt;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;padding-bottom:9.3pt;line-height:1.0;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;padding-right:9.3pt"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">1826</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;padding-left:9.3pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#fefefe;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding-top:9.3pt;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;padding-bottom:9.3pt;line-height:1.0;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;padding-right:9.3pt"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">War Loan Interest Correspondence</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Correspondence relative to the settling of Baltimore's claim for interest due the city on monies loaned to the federal government for purposes of defense during the War of 1812. The majority of the letters are addressed to Mayor John Montgomery and concern a memorial passed in Congress to authorize payment of the funds owed.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://transcribedoc.net/bca_brg_22/bca_brg22_1_3/html/bca_brg22_1_30001.html%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1649285244291193%26usg%3DAOvVaw2XxQ5XcP7jhaHiE9oiF9wo&source=gmail-html&ust=1649368117624000&usg=AOvVaw3IQ2PmoXiG2pIiNgvyqLSP" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">BRG 22-3 online</a></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">II</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">MARYLAND STATE ARCHIVES</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">ADJUTANT GENERAL</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(War of 1812 Papers)</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1812-1828</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">S931</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Series Descriptions</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">This series consists of miscellaneous documents pertaining to the War of 1812. It includes requests for arms, names of volunteers, applications for commissions, orders on the treasury, returns of arms and equipment, accounts, payrolls, settlements of claims, vouchers, and blank forms. In a partially successful attempt to recover from the Federal treasury Maryland's and Baltimore's expenditures on defense, Maryland submitted the account book of the State Armorer, John Shaw, as proof of the arms it supplied during the War of 1812. The account book was discovered and analyzed by Scott Sheads who has supplied a copy, linked here as a pdf, which he cites as John Shaw's armory account, Records of the War Department. Post Revolutionary War Records, Office of the Adjutant General, National Archives (NA RWD AGO MAK 1813-1820). As Scott Sheads explains in his </span><span style="background-color:#fefefe;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> </span><span style="background-color:#fefefe;color:#59717c;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://maryland1812.wordpress.com/2012/08/08/notes-maryland-armory-book-john-shaw-armorer-1813-1820/%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1649285244292675%26usg%3DAOvVaw1F67cBlnFWdU44jmVGxEDA&source=gmail-html&ust=1649368117624000&usg=AOvVaw35d2lxBiNgpP1idMiv5H69" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">blog</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">, "the 351 [account book entries] in all concern the defenses and State House of Annapolis from 1813 – 1820. John Shaw (1745-1829) was the superintendent of the State House and grounds as well as the Annapolis Armorer and well known cabinetmaker. His Armory Ledger Book (74 pages) lists company commanders and the disbursements of war materials obtained for their companies during the War of 1812.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#fefefe;color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5300/sc5339/000261/000000/000023/restricted/md_armory_book.pdf%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1649285244293211%26usg%3DAOvVaw1sfiwTnhDdslqypKekCUPs&source=gmail-html&ust=1649368117624000&usg=AOvVaw3Mo89Td7h9PZml02GYrWB6" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">John Shaw's armory account, </a></span><span style="background-color:#fefefe;color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5300/sc5339/000261/000000/000023/restricted/md_armory_book.pdf%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1649285244293514%26usg%3DAOvVaw3JjhP471CCCxR7mEe10VuE&source=gmail-html&ust=1649368117624000&usg=AOvVaw3qoYXlcboph38zCR_rZvOR" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Records of the War Department. Post Revolutionary War Records, Office of the Adjutant General, National Archives (NA RWD AGO MAK 1813-1820)</a></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">MdSA 931-1</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">1812-1818</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Includes returns of volunteers and draftees, 1812; commission applications, 1813; letters and accounts to Governor and Council from Brigade Quartermaster, Baltimore, 1813-1818. Consists of old Box 55, part of old Box 455, and old Boxes 66 and 68</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><ul class="m_lst-kix_a6gwde2h33h4-0 m_start" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding-top:11pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:11pt;line-height:1.0;margin-right:0;background-color:#f7f7de;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#353e42;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://mdhistory.msa.maryland.gov/msa_s931_1/msa_s931_1_66/html/msa_s931_1_66-0001.html%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1649285244294615%26usg%3DAOvVaw1u3ct87qCVG3xV2cLnfqo9&source=gmail-html&ust=1649368117624000&usg=AOvVaw0T9b8ZkEK_YmzOBRbWHlnW" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Old Box 66, Miscellaneous documents pertaining to the War of 1812.</a></span></li><li style="padding-top:11pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:11pt;line-height:1.0;margin-right:0;background-color:#f7f7de;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#59717c;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://mdhistory.msa.maryland.gov/msa_s931_1/msa_s931_1_68/html/msa_s931_1_68-0001.html%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1649285244295029%26usg%3DAOvVaw3ItEXFm337LJDzHl3Uk_gl&source=gmail-html&ust=1649368117624000&usg=AOvVaw0iSml87f6ukRlx3lTo_NDq" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Old Box 68, Miscellaneous documents pertaining to the War of 1812.</a></span></li></ul><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">MdSA 931-2</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">1813-1824</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Includes papers on settlement of Maryland claims against U.S., consists of old Box 67.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><ul class="m_lst-kix_wtst4y83l4el-0 m_start" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding-top:11pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:11pt;line-height:1.0;margin-right:0;background-color:#e1dfc8;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#353e42;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://mdhistory.msa.maryland.gov/msa_s931_2/msa_s931_2_67/html/msa_s931_2_67-0001.html%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1649285244296046%26usg%3DAOvVaw2lqR-XrUPR8A1cOII_xwMc&source=gmail-html&ust=1649368117624000&usg=AOvVaw0Bx9mu3bbywdxRuFspCmVH" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Old Box 67 Miscellaneous documents pertaining to the War of 1812.</a></span></li></ul><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">MdSA 931-3</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">1828</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Report of The Treasury of the United States on the claims of Baltimore for reimbursement for money and supplies expended during the War of 1812. Electronic only.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><ul class="m_lst-kix_6ypi3u2hg0rh-0 m_start" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding-top:11pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:11pt;line-height:1.0;margin-right:0;background-color:#f7f7de;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#59717c;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://mdhistory.msa.maryland.gov/msa_s931/msa_s931_3/html/msa_s931_3-0005.html%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1649285244297155%26usg%3DAOvVaw3Iax3IjXE1cOoPnWSQ1Uoi&source=gmail-html&ust=1649368117625000&usg=AOvVaw14Tqgv6TY3D4VKX9g9tHry" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">E-Publication of U. S. Treasury Report on Baltimore's claims relating to the War of 1812, 1828.</a></span></li><li style="padding-top:11pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:11pt;line-height:1.0;margin-right:0;background-color:#f7f7de;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#353e42;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://mdhistory.msa.maryland.gov/msa_s931_3/bc_war_1812_claims_report.pdf%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1649285244297659%26usg%3DAOvVaw1jzr7uOvPQuCEHbyVfi2gK&source=gmail-html&ust=1649368117625000&usg=AOvVaw3PwgL_QxjesBZOjAIRrKPI" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Report of the Treasury of the United States on the Claiims submitted by Baltimore for money and supplies furnished during the War of 1812</a></span></li></ul><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"></span></p></div><hr style="width:33%;height:1px"><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref1" id="m_ftnt1" rel="noreferrer">[1]</a><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> This review of the records was initiated by Professor Glenn T. Johnston whose students were responsible for the transcriptions of Baltimore City Archives, BRG 22 now available at </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://transcribedoc.net/msa_brg22_old/html/msa-sc5458-45-20-0002.html%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1649285244299291%26usg%3DAOvVaw0U7mN1Ax-GdqcfijcIxBgU&source=gmail-html&ust=1649368117625000&usg=AOvVaw2E51bPfDBzAFro7v9Tm62Q" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://transcribedoc.net/msa_<wbr>brg22_old/html/msa-sc5458-45-<wbr>20-0002.html</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref2" id="m_ftnt2" rel="noreferrer">[2]</a><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> The email address for Dr. Papenfuse has not been corrected on this website. He can be reached at </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="mailto:edpapenfuse@gmail.com" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">edpapenfuse@gmail.com</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">. The transcription programs alluded to are no longer available from the Maryland State Archives. </span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref3" id="m_ftnt3" rel="noreferrer">[3]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">The searchable pdf is useful for finding the last name of captains and their morning reports for 1814, HRS numbers 922-1723. While it is awkward to find the HRS numbers in the online e-book they do appear as numbered labels on the documents which are in the e-book in HRS sequence. Unfortunately when the e-book was compiled neither the index information in the HRS inventory nor complete transcriptions were included as was originally intended. Resources were not made available to do so and the staff involved in the project moved on.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref4" id="m_ftnt4" rel="noreferrer">[4]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Note that the page jump cgi script no longer works on any of the e-books because it was removed from the Maryland State Archives server.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"></span></p></div></div></body></html>ecpcliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01498580508411177787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1033015240460437200.post-18766073463908678442022-03-15T20:02:00.005-07:002023-07-02T19:56:32.623-07:00Resurrecting Laurel Cemetery, a revised draft for comment and criticism<iframe src="https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vQttyTmevn6sXOypZzlsGQ96jWF2Rr7JxMfG-7jcYXYIOdD-4lZMR1DLHJzhl64e8XBCmI1q6EvlZ_U/pub?embedded=true" width="900" height="870"></iframe>ecpcliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01498580508411177787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1033015240460437200.post-5381399204527478662022-03-07T15:14:00.003-08:002022-03-07T17:42:21.822-08:00Johns Hopkins and Slavery: The Slave Census of 1850 and the Gardens at Clifton><html><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><style></style></head><body><div style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:72pt 58.5pt 72pt 72pt;max-width:481.5pt"><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"></span></p></div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Johns Hopkins Guilty of “Crimes Against Humanity,” or </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">an Orthodox Friend who Ultimately Tended </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">to His Own Garden without Slave Labor?</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">In December of 2020 a professor at Johns Hopkins University offered a scathing opinion of the University’s founder in an opinion piece published in the Washington Post. At the same time, the University repeated the allegations on its various web sites where, for the most part, they have remained despite research to the contrary.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt1" id="m_ftnt_ref1" rel="noreferrer">[1]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">In this condemnation which appeared opposite the editorial page, the author accused Johns Hopkins of “crimes against humanity,” and of holding slaves in bondage for his personal comfort without compensation, and for accepting slaves as collateral for debts owed him in the conduct of his grocery business. To conclude, the professor writes:</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"></span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Research reveals that the story long told about Hopkins as a Quaker and abolitionist, descended from men who freed their slaves, was adopted just after the university celebrated its semicentennial in 1926. In 1929, an admiring grandniece published a set of reminiscences that erased her uncle’s role in slaveholding. Fifty years later, in time for our 1976 centennial, the university’s magazine published a short biography of Hopkins that repeated the same half-truths. This is the story we’ve told ever since, until now.</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Going forward, my work will involve investigating our founder’s relationship to slaveholding and, as much as possible, understanding the lives of those he held enslaved. Solemnity is tempering my school spirit. It is time to retire my sweatshirt, however comfortable it was. It is also time to retire old myths about Johns Hopkins and the sense of ease they have given our university community. Only with that can our reckoning begin.</span><sup style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"><a href="#m__ftnt2" id="m_ftnt_ref2" rel="noreferrer">[2]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">The problem with myths and institutional propaganda about founders, is sorting out facts from fictions. Does Johns Hopkins deserve the scathing comments of one of the University’s widely published and acclaimed scholars that have been endorsed by the University's web sites and observations by its current president?</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">There is no simple answer. There is no question that the accusations in the Post and on the University web sites are extreme and unwarranted, but what can be learned about Johns Hopkins’s relationship to slaves and slavery? In the first place, as his filiopietistic grand niece (Helen Hopkins Thom) pointed out in 1929, no large body of financial or personal papers of Johns Hopkins have survived. While some have alleged that the loss was deliberate because Johns Hopkins wanted to cover his tracks, the likely reason is that they were destroyed in the great Baltimore fire of 1904 when much of his warehouse property and his bank were destroyed. Instead, probing the question of Johns Hopkins views and actions with regard to slavery rests mainly on the public record, although a few fragments of his correspondence have surfaced and are reproduced on the library website of the University.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt3" id="m_ftnt_ref3" rel="noreferrer">[3]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">The surviving evidence does not paint as severe a portrait of Johns Hopkins as the op-ed alleges, and in fact offers no definite proof that Johns Hopkins ever owned or abused slaves. Indeed it suggests that he came to adopt the teachings of his Quaker mother with regard to the abolition of slavery, and rejected the acceptance of slaves in return for payment of debts that had been incurred with his firm, Hopkins Brothers.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt4" id="m_ftnt_ref4" rel="noreferrer">[4]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-left:0;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:642.00px;height:378.67px"><img alt="" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/st8AKDhXz-8Zjlf5O0DGsxFVqkFHeHF2thJgoSMUD1cKMaghcMD5qx_MoferPv5OiNU6hWGaKY4oJ_0BRQ4Gx3IiXUl_ZPbWs2gWM4fZC60B1xJybhpSX8UNK9GeO-yjjzrU0BCR" style="width:642.00px;height:378.67px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-left:0;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Slave schedule for Baltimore County in 1850 indicating Johns Hopkins with 4 slaves </span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-left:0;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">and slaves attributed to his closest neighbors, James Lester and Solomon Hillen</span><sup style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#m__ftnt5" id="m_ftnt_ref5" rel="noreferrer">[5]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-left:0;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-left:0;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">The questions that arise with regard to Johns Hopkins and Slavery must first address the direct evidence that </span><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">appears</span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""> to confirm that he did own slaves in 1850, which is the single piece of evidence on which the most egregious assertions of the op-ed were based. In the summer of 2020 one scholar teaching at Hopkins relayed a census record to the writer of the op-ed that appeared to confirm Johns Hopkins as a slave owner. Is there any collaborating evidence that these four individuals were John’s Hopkins slaves? Does the Census record even itself prove that the four men were Johns Hopkins’ slaves? Based on what is now known about the compilation of the 1850 Slave Schedules they could easily have been term slaves (slaves who had been promised their freedom) hired by William Waddell, a Scottish immigrant gardener who laid out and began the once internationally known 60 acres of gardens at Clifton.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt6" id="m_ftnt_ref6" rel="noreferrer">[6]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:590.50px;height:552.79px"><img alt="" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/UAZtkPp7_0NJDP-_dYOdbCBPttrB1uBkLlHtt8P_H4yEMabPa2tJh4f8eq8nBsEPhMUbw1qRMbCJLAz-4sgO6fALue42giMcOdLUNH_-CuqiDzqroQ_sMvHaaK-In5WlMI5CX625" style="width:590.50px;height:552.79px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">The park at Clifton in 1874 with the greenhouse in the upper right</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">courtesy of </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.martenet.com/%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1646701621096229%26usg%3DAOvVaw1Z3OFs0v3F_VSGcgBxu81T&source=gmail-html&ust=1646784653240000&usg=AOvVaw3xfXOrFV15fji9q0-FN57M" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">S.J. Martenet & Co</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">The Gardens at Clifton were the main focus of Hopkins at his estate from the late 1840s until his death in 1873 when his estate inventory reveals the nature and extent of his botanical interests.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt7" id="m_ftnt_ref7" rel="noreferrer">[7]</a></sup><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""> By 1860 William Waddell and the slaves are gone replaced by another Scottish horticulturalist who remains with the estate after Hopkins’s death when it becomes the property of Johns Hopkins University.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt8" id="m_ftnt_ref8" rel="noreferrer">[8]</a></sup><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""> Only after emancipation do Black laborers return as wage earners to tend the Gardens at Clifton under William Fowler who was at work at Clifton by 1857.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt9" id="m_ftnt_ref9" rel="noreferrer">[9]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-left:0;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">Secondly the Quaker context in which Johns Hopkins was raised and the influence of both Hannah Janney Hopkins and Elizabeth Janney on Johns Hopkins’s actions with regard to slaves and slavery deserves closer scrutiny. This includes what appears to be a crisis of conscience that came with the death of two brother partners in Hopkins Brothers in the midst of a deep economic depression (1837-1841) that led to the dissolution of the firm in 1846 and placed Johns Hopkins firmly on the road to abolition, if qualified by a belief in compensation to the slave owners, much as Abraham Lincoln advocated in his last months as President.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt10" id="m_ftnt_ref10" rel="noreferrer">[10]</a></sup><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""> In extracts from surviving letters from his sister in 1831-2, and an 1840 letter from Johns Hopkins to his mother, Johns Hopkins’s troubled conscience is made clear. His mother Hannah (1774-1846) came to Baltimore to be with him in 1841 and was known for her anti-slavery views in the context of Orthodox Quaker doctrine that read members out of meeting if they continued to own slaves. It is likely she had more influence on Johns who remained single, than she did with Samuel who chose to be married an Episcopalian and was read out of meeting for owning slaves.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt11" id="m_ftnt_ref11" rel="noreferrer">[11]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Conclusion:</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">In studying slavery and those who advocated slavery in the United States, it is imperative to fully evaluate the surviving evidence, especially if the intent is to learn from and correct past mistakes and evil perceptions of race that continue long after the institution of slavery is abolished. In the context of a well-entrenched institution of slavery well-intentioned individuals including Johns Hopkins fought slavery from many different perspectives, ranging from William Lloyd Garrison who would reject the constitutional government of the United States altogether, to Johns Hopkins who used his fortune before and after the Civil War to benefit people of color and supported the successful war effort to abolish slavery as an evil institution. Both were rightfully called abolitionists.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">As the people of color from Baltimore and beyond declaimed on the announcement of the dispersal of Johns Hopkins’s fortune in April 1873, nine months before he died, Johns Hopkins was a firm supporter of the Black community:</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:0pt;line-height:1.0;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"> Whereas Johns Hopkins, Esq., has recently added his name to the list of those who by their lives have sought success only that it might enable their warm-hearted philanthropy the more to serve the great cause of a common humanity; and whereas for the first time in the history of Maryland a generous impulse, throbbing in the noble breast of one of its best citizens, who, regarding not the clamor of the hour, but realizing the demands of the times, at the dictation of statesmanlike views, unbiassed [sic] by popular prejudice, has elevated himself above all other men in Maryland, in the mode and manner of the distribution of his charity, and out of his private means donated to the public good, without distinction of race or color, more than four millions of dollars to endow a free hospital and a home for colored orphans in Baltimore. Therefore be it</span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:0pt;line-height:1.0;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"> Resolved by the Colored Citizens of Baltimore City, in Mass Meeting Assembled, That Johns Hopkins, Esq., heartily receives our warmest expression of heartfelt thanks for his generosity in regarding and recognizing our race in his great act of munificence.</span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:0pt;line-height:1.0;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"> Resolved, That Johns Hopkins, Esq., will ever be regarded as the friend of the colored race, and that we will teach our children to do honor to his memory when we shall have passed away, because of his noble liberality of spirit, and the comprehensiveness of mind characterizing his conduct in recognizing our race as being entitled to equal consideration and treatment with all others.</span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:0pt;line-height:1.0;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> Resolved. That a copy of these resolutions be presented to Johns Hopkins, Esq., signed by the officers of this meeting.</span><sup style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"><a href="#m__ftnt12" id="m_ftnt_ref12" rel="noreferrer">[12]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Only further division is accomplished by a misinterpretation of facts, and ignoring the good men and women do with their accumulated wealth before and after their death. </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Ed Papenfuse, </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Maryland State Archivist, Retired</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:right"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"></span></p></div><hr style="width:33%;height:1px"><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref1" id="m_ftnt1" rel="noreferrer">[1]</a><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://osf.io/zra5f/%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1646701621100182%26usg%3DAOvVaw0bek4UcUOu8o2lD02P5972&source=gmail-html&ust=1646784653240000&usg=AOvVaw17fwFRknwxEOEb6p3j3xEh" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://osf.io/zra5f/</a></span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#222222;font-weight:400"> Note that the citations for most of the references made in this essay are to be found in this collaborative assessment of Johns Hopkins and Slavery. Otherwise the citations will be found here.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref2" id="m_ftnt2" rel="noreferrer">[2]</a><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/12/09/johns-hopkins-university-founder-enslaved-people/%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1646701621099528%26usg%3DAOvVaw3NfmCTYrmgww007SGN0Un3&source=gmail-html&ust=1646784653240000&usg=AOvVaw1o6eLtrcksivq2EwJYrbvt" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://www.washingtonpost.<wbr>com/opinions/2020/12/09/johns-<wbr>hopkins-university-founder-<wbr>enslaved-people/</a></span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref3" id="m_ftnt3" rel="noreferrer">[3]</a><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://exhibits.library.jhu.edu/omeka-s/s/johnshopkinsbiographicalarchive/page/home%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1646701621101259%26usg%3DAOvVaw3AVklWxcopLLUEGKdgxikz&source=gmail-html&ust=1646784653240000&usg=AOvVaw0jAgSPCmFeWx04T3zFhSS6" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://exhibits.library.<wbr>jhu.edu/omeka-s/s/<wbr>johnshopkinsbiographicalarchiv<wbr>e/page/home</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref4" id="m_ftnt4" rel="noreferrer">[4]</a><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> It is likely that the acquisition of slaves as collateral for unpaid debts by Hopkins Brothers precipitated Johns Hopkins resistance to acquiring slaves as his share of the profits of the firm in accord with Quaker discipline. His brother Samuel and his Pittsburg partner, James Ross, are another matter. Johns Hopkins was a partner in the 1830s until dissolution in 1846, and does bear some responsibility for the other members of the firm accepting slaves as compensation for their shares in the business. It is clear however that the collection of debts however obtained was delegated to other members of the firm. An example is provided by the securities James Ross, the firm’s managing partner, lost on his way to collect them. See the </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Baltimore Sun</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> for August 8, 1840.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref5" id="m_ftnt5" rel="noreferrer">[5]</a><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">composite made from </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-6PHS-5N?i%253D32%2526cc%253D1420440%2526personaUrl%253D%25252Fark%25253A%25252F61903%25252F1%25253A1%25253AHR7R-KMMM%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1646701621108121%26usg%3DAOvVaw3mq0HQ3lQUXjBDnNK4bmhq&source=gmail-html&ust=1646784653240000&usg=AOvVaw17DyLg3Pmo8xHyIl0nvfdo" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://www.familysearch.org/<wbr>ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-6PHS-5N?i=<wbr>32&cc=1420440&personaUrl=%<wbr>2Fark%3A%2F61903%2F1%3A1%<wbr>3AHR7R-KMMM</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> It is most likely that the four men were hired by Johns Hopkins’s gardener who may have hired them from James Lester, Clifton’s nearest neighbor who did own slaves. By 1860 the labor force at Clifton did not include slaves, hired or otherwise, and the gardener, William Waddell, who worked with hired slaves when he was employed as gardener for John Ridgely of Hampton, was gone.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref6" id="m_ftnt6" rel="noreferrer">[6]</a><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-6X17-DVH?i%253D122%2526cc%253D1401638%2526personaUrl%253D%25252Fark%25253A%25252F61903%25252F1%25253A1%25253AMD43-VPG%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1646701621102928%26usg%3DAOvVaw1jzMA0PoPFHjftCWrqbYZg&source=gmail-html&ust=1646784653241000&usg=AOvVaw0CSJA762NuxgBGos5ORwfz" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://www.familysearch.<wbr>org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-6X17-<wbr>DVH?i=122&cc=1401638&<wbr>personaUrl=%2Fark%3A%2F61903%<wbr>2F1%3A1%3AMD43-VPG</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> Note: the census index misinterprets the entry for William Waddell and his family.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref7" id="m_ftnt7" rel="noreferrer">[7]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Baltimore County Register of Wills (Inventories), OPM 11, 1873-1874. The inventory of the Clifton greenhouse plants is three pages which provides an excellent indication of what is needed to reconstruct the horticulture of the estate.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref8" id="m_ftnt8" rel="noreferrer">[8]</a><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MNST-YJ3%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1646701621102175%26usg%3DAOvVaw0IPzZAqJSB1k3PNfE2quQT&source=gmail-html&ust=1646784653241000&usg=AOvVaw3pl-msiKnQ1UeB7ibVsWN7" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://www.familysearch.<wbr>org/ark:/61903/1:1:MNST-YJ3</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref9" id="m_ftnt9" rel="noreferrer">[9]</a><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-6SK9-KKL?i%253D173%2526cc%253D1438024%2526personaUrl%253D%25252Fark%25253A%25252F61903%25252F1%25253A1%25253AMNST-YJ3%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1646701621103860%26usg%3DAOvVaw3DL8otS6xetRZRk7N5_h7g&source=gmail-html&ust=1646784653241000&usg=AOvVaw3o9b2lrTlrFV2Ueui-DNnP" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://www.familysearch.<wbr>org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-6SK9-<wbr>KKL?i=173&cc=1438024&<wbr>personaUrl=%2Fark%3A%2F61903%<wbr>2F1%3A1%3AMNST-YJ3</a></span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> . Fowler was internationally known as a horticulturist. First mention of him nationally is in </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">The Horticulturalist and Journal of Rural Art and Rural Taste,</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> 1857, </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://play.google.com/books/reader?id%253DvysCAAAAYAAJ%2526pg%253DGBS.PA306%2526hl%253Den%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1646701621104506%26usg%3DAOvVaw1k2b3nMGdSmp_Sk3xXC2tC&source=gmail-html&ust=1646784653241000&usg=AOvVaw3DkkrujXoNxXFsdVuwB4Pr" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://play.google.com/books/<wbr>reader?id=vysCAAAAYAAJ&pg=GBS.<wbr>PA306&hl=en</a></span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> but his 1896 obituary in the Baltimore Sun, July 24, 1897, p. 10, and the </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Journal of the Kew Guild</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">, 1898 and 1896, provide the details of his travel and employment, from Kew Gardens to Tasmania, and then to work for Johns Hopkins at Clifton in 1856. Apparently the plants in the greenhouse in 1873 that he collected for Johns Hopkins were intended for a botanical garden that was never planted, He did plant many rare trees and conifers, but some were cut down and grubbed out by the City of Baltimore when they purchased Clifton from the University. </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">The Gardeners’ Chronicle, August 21, 1897, </span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">p.136.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref10" id="m_ftnt10" rel="noreferrer">[10]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">“The Economics of Lincoln's Proposal for Compensated Emancipation,” Andrew Weintraub,</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> The American Journal of Economics and Sociology </span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">, Apr., 1973, Vol. 32, No. 2</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(Apr., 1973), pp. 171-177</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref11" id="m_ftnt11" rel="noreferrer">[11]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://www.rememberingbaltimore.net/2021/02/johns-hopkins-orthodox-quaker.html%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1646701621105776%26usg%3DAOvVaw19snAnMOL8O1nLShqXFX6i&source=gmail-html&ust=1646784653241000&usg=AOvVaw08RLa7XyvJ59QgLg7JvXCV" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://www.<wbr>rememberingbaltimore.net/2021/<wbr>02/johns-hopkins-orthodox-<wbr>quaker.html</a></span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> See images of Johns Hopkins letter to his mother, Hannah Hopkins, April 25, 1840, Correspondence of Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins Collection, The Alan Mason Chesney Medical Archives, </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://medicalarchivescatalog.jhmi.edu/jhmi_permalink.html?key%253D276434%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1646701621106140%26usg%3DAOvVaw0tVWaszHh_EaZ0wKEzeHgG&source=gmail-html&ust=1646784653241000&usg=AOvVaw2gkJSXu3L8_Lowxo12ORDT" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://<wbr>medicalarchivescatalog.jhmi.<wbr>edu/jhmi_permalink.html?key=<wbr>276434</a></span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> </span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref12" id="m_ftnt12" rel="noreferrer">[12]</a><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.newspapers.com/image/372417234/?terms%253DHopkins%2526match%253D1%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1646701621107235%26usg%3DAOvVaw3sO9BtyZjYuFapTmn8253r&source=gmail-html&ust=1646784653241000&usg=AOvVaw0UvXhF7dNAge9ggSkal72e" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">The Baltimore Sun (Baltimore, Maryland) 09 Apr 1873, Wed Page 4</a></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"></span></p></div></div></body></html>ecpcliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01498580508411177787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1033015240460437200.post-9791179185494720712021-10-20T13:32:00.008-07:002022-03-19T12:05:12.374-07:00Remembering a Baltimore Printer and His Family: John Jerome Roach (ca. 1767-1830)<html><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><style>ul.m_lst-kix_7dtrot4qy3x3-2{list-style-type:none}ul.m_lst-kix_7dtrot4qy3x3-1{list-style-type:none}ul.m_lst-kix_7dtrot4qy3x3-0{list-style-type:none}ul.m_lst-kix_7dtrot4qy3x3-6{list-style-type:none}ul.m_lst-kix_7dtrot4qy3x3-5{list-style-type:none}ul.m_lst-kix_7dtrot4qy3x3-4{list-style-type:none}ul.m_lst-kix_7dtrot4qy3x3-3{list-style-type:none}ul.m_lst-kix_7dtrot4qy3x3-8{list-style-type:none}ul.m_lst-kix_7dtrot4qy3x3-7{list-style-type:none}</style></head><body><div style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:72pt 72pt 72pt 72pt;max-width:468pt"><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">The Enterprising Roach Family of Baltimore, 1819-1830</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">A saga of marketing Books, Stationery, Musical instruments, Umbrellas, Printing, and Sign Painting, mixed with Millerites and fisticuffs with the Constabulary</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">©Edward C. Papenfuse </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Maryland State Archivist, retired</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:404.00px"><img alt="" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/j1FsMzj4kl4vB4Ny1353a_4AhGdD2NYtLLMQFIcun3kHlxgvKuKxrg4pBxLLkaE-1S71qUM-4k2-sDR3DyL94g7wz08ThjxmKxVkmaq8avJ6dEUJdj0stxsJ7xTgbClocTohe34A=s1600" style="width:624.00px;height:404.00px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.thecountrybookshop.com/%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1634765404532000%26usg%3DAOvVaw2wAn88vTumF16HigxTpDm0&source=gmail-html&ust=1634848219400000&usg=AFQjCNGx1aZRgBa8In3iAVO0ahfBzXeRBQ" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">The Country Bookshop</a></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Benjamin Koenig</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">35 Mill Street</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(off US Rt. 2 at blinker, shop next to church)</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Plainfield, Vermont 05667</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">One of the perks of being the father of a </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.midtownscholar.com/%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1634765404533000%26usg%3DAOvVaw3sMhCwVSJxltFsSi9Kt5ZG&source=gmail-html&ust=1634848219400000&usg=AFQjCNEk1SpJXgWEnNUQxrNJOCpMAYpDow" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Rare Books dealer</a></span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""> is accompanying him on book buying adventures. While on our first family vacation in over a year we visited Ben Koenig’s </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.thecountrybookshop.com/%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1634765404533000%26usg%3DAOvVaw2vrJTTLhmsusY3QCvG71ag&source=gmail-html&ust=1634848219400000&usg=AFQjCNELJxJIlxEsS-yk3uMw4Bb-vZl6gw" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Country Bookshop</a></span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.thecountrybookshop.com/%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1634765404533000%26usg%3DAOvVaw2vrJTTLhmsusY3QCvG71ag&source=gmail-html&ust=1634848219400000&usg=AFQjCNELJxJIlxEsS-yk3uMw4Bb-vZl6gw" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"> in Plainfield</a></span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">, Vermont where I purchased </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://play.google.com/store/books/details?id%253Dc_USAAAAIAAJ%2526rdid%253Dbook-c_USAAAAIAAJ%2526rdot%253D1%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1634765404533000%26usg%3DAOvVaw0k2DN2VPintf6XNdzZ8-9J&source=gmail-html&ust=1634848219400000&usg=AFQjCNEhM87yqjg-R0JHbj81W3uz7lIikg" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Original Poems, by A Citizen of Baltimore</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">, published in 1809 by Samuel Jefferis, 212 Market Street, and printed by Joseph Robinson, famous for his imprints and circulating library.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:533.33px"><img alt="" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/u4Uw08JnwDm3x_C0cP8KQ3oTWzbCD6f9Z3P5Lzo5OyeEUu3vy4HbLx6ybl_j5nNrUxjGSAgpPi1wUrv-8-dIC060a0d193ayGrodS2BXM_TwT-KlVsIKad2ZZ7DT8tjzyn1-2vlU=s1600" style="width:624.00px;height:533.33px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">Who composed the poems is still a mystery even though it has been mistakenly attributed to Richard Hallett Townsend, the nearly blind son of the Baltimore Quaker insurance broker, Joseph Townsend (1756-1841).</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt1" id="m_ftnt_ref1" rel="noreferrer">[1]</a></sup><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""> But that quest is for another day. Our son acquired an even more intriguing imprint from Benjamin Koenig that captured my attention.</span><hr style="page-break-before:always;display:none"></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:504.00px"><img alt="" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/nnpfA2Y0LmthZl9PCCLWdKM-dEvoTZCAiam29tRMclccJept-FqCwFQ2PX5UG07w2s-ckp44FZrCeFDxn6Su-9yMVSN6NBkJa5Rh_fqKj9HAUPwWu4fTLBWJOa0VqOKcw7LgdAme=s1600" style="width:624.00px;height:504.00px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">courtesy of </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.midtownscholar.com/%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1634765404534000%26usg%3DAOvVaw0KMEq-OhbymhhSau8c6kry&source=gmail-html&ust=1634848219400000&usg=AFQjCNEkGrHhJTo5x9GbZ6y012iKl4Tyig" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Midtown Scholar</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">Tracking down the known copies of this work was relatively easy and are located through many online catalogues including </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://www.worldcat.org/oclc/191250905%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1634765404535000%26usg%3DAOvVaw3iJAf4d2RvoyoDeXyoqwJV&source=gmail-html&ust=1634848219400000&usg=AFQjCNEUNU7Z_Ze-47_KFeNQaXVthlWYJg" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Worldcat.org</a></span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">, which directs the user in what member libraries copies are to be found. A number are available on line including a copy of Roach’s 4th edition of the </span><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Young Artist’s Companion</span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""> owned by the American Antiquarian Society, and copies of the original English editions which are available from the British Library and the Bodleian Library, via Google Books.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt2" id="m_ftnt_ref2" rel="noreferrer">[2]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:768.00px"><img alt="" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/hQ_qosoU88EFthhMaTMjdOmgcInbs57XGBuCw4UsqGBSn77KgGM8WYEPAH2o8mnyJsw_c1YVbIbNLmIOubF_83W3UdNtqsN7arkHDMO4LqNNYpu0Yz7PcR4MAnWsr3U5awE2SPhg=s1600" style="width:624.00px;height:768.00px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">The original owner of the Midtown Scholar copy of the </span><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Young Artist’s Companion</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> is unknown, but someone clearly read the book and used the inside of the back cover to sketch what appear to be miners. Perhaps the budding artist traveled to California during the gold rush? </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">Very little is known about Joseph Barnes, the author of </span><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">The Young Artist’s Companion</span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">. He probably lived and worked in or near Coventry where his book was published.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt3" id="m_ftnt_ref3" rel="noreferrer">[3]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> From the front matter of the earliest surviving edition (the 3rd) it appears that it was first printed in Coventry about 1811, possibly by a J. Aston who printed the third edition about 1815. A completely reset fourth edition was also published in Coventry by J. Turner ca. 1820 and was the edition from which John Roach derived his copy which he announced as forthcoming in December of that year.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:290.00px;height:391.00px"><img alt="" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/gQpIopmgRhw9b6ng1EUJPBuoXwFW69o9sPmBih5e8SUpeJ4n231Uy4cSl6iB5RFdcVQw8iek8nYvNTABprimXIZjwqc46biqc2LIYWu4M8WFBD4vzg1Ixn2wM5I3sS0mgnyPqm2Z=s1600" style="width:290.00px;height:391.00px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">American and Commercial Daily Advertiser,</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">December 30, 1820 and January 2, 1821</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">For whatever reason, even though Fielding Lucas helped promote it, it would be four more years before it actually appeared for sale at Roach’s store.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt4" id="m_ftnt_ref4" rel="noreferrer">[4]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:331.00px;height:753.00px"><img alt="" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/k8WLykahHBy8H-xkiJjHti72nO-I59lsuK9gXQ9qJzIIW4ajlpwD-_zJHHavxKUduOyRLR-w-rWHADx7cK-hXECz6dcPSDyrrzpkf9w42RbpQ6_UCNN1h0UFAwy-PkmSZDY3SrzB=s1600" style="width:331.00px;height:753.00px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">American and Commercial Daily Advertiser</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">Tuesday, May 17, 1825</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt5" id="m_ftnt_ref5" rel="noreferrer">[5]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">Who was John Roach (ca. 1767-1830)? He was a failed stationer and printer from </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devonport,_Plymouth%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1634765404537000%26usg%3DAOvVaw3bZEshJoo6MVvzwY3LxHky&source=gmail-html&ust=1634848219400000&usg=AFQjCNFNuJi5HUcqaKcTguYOOMTtCyl9Fw" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Devonport, Plymouth, Devonshire England</a></span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""> who arrived in Baltimore in 1819 one step ahead of the bailiff and debtors' prison. He left behind his lawyer to answer to the courts as best he could and brought with him his son John Jr. (1804-fate unknown) soon followed by wife Jane (1776-1849) and two daughters, Matilda Mary (1802-1862), and Louisa Jane (1806-1869).</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt6" id="m_ftnt_ref6" rel="noreferrer">[6]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:493.33px"><img alt="" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/HEkqUKLg17rlGkqzZrBmeWqjqEKNzWjlpg1G63NMh4_5c3yA5-r1jASlR8q4RvAjs3yb5sgDVbLN8Xq0aImiADhRQHxjZhnXlr9LjtK-D8ZYNFgvDYK-SHi1jw1Bi767iipYAAkz=s1600" style="width:624.00px;height:493.33px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gmd/g3844b.wd000015%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1634765404538000%26usg%3DAOvVaw25KwE77qN7b_YkoBV8ejnG&source=gmail-html&ust=1634848219400000&usg=AFQjCNE9TN36N9Zi2-b7kx5gijx52e884w" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Baltimore, 1822, published by Fielding Lucas, Library of Congress</a></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">derived from </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://www.rememberingbaltimore.net/2020/06/thomas-poppleton-map-that-made-baltimore.html%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1634765404538000%26usg%3DAOvVaw3NTt0e4F6K6PYa9L15ZCLS&source=gmail-html&ust=1634848219400000&usg=AFQjCNG4znk9hTVUpTDK8zaoxYRzEI-FNA" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Thomas Poppleton’s survey of Baltimore, 1821/22</a></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">On his arrival John Roach leased a building on the northwest corner of Frederick and Market (later Baltimore) Streets where he and his family would live and work for the next 11 years. </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:513.33px"><img alt="" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/u1TTfYIBDLgeKr4Dhya3HKo1Nwr161juEUppQxrBFznY_t9g-CdlrOby0eALBFauoyqVXxmTsl9YbYACgISaHtK62HFWFFILaL8vWwBUCEarXc_C6RAJMOWr1smEi2tMxJ9xi2fz=s1600" style="width:624.00px;height:513.33px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">34/38 Baltimore Street in 1900, renumbered and by then a men’s furnishing store. </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">It was torn down and replaced by 1914 with a new three story building</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt7" id="m_ftnt_ref7" rel="noreferrer">[7]</a></sup></p><hr style="page-break-before:always;display:none"><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">The Roaches came to settle in Baltimore at an opportune time. Over the decade from 1820 to 1830 the total population of potential customers would increase by 18,000 to 80,620 of whom 14,790 were Free Blacks. </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:448.00px"><img alt="" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/Xeq9y4E125OBXFriz5dp-p0XJ55IkKLa0iWQrLLERjdSRkQwU3-rJU3GfeSf-RD-x309qpba-jAVWx8ZVblEOWXS2k4Q0PkpS71uWG8QF1vhWkvmwXUrp4GpXt1pVrPisT9qWbCF=s1600" style="width:624.00px;height:448.00px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">from </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://archive.org/details/completeviewofba00varl/mode/2up%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1634765404540000%26usg%3DAOvVaw1emN3O7hMxZ4EiVaccPpkd&source=gmail-html&ust=1634848219400000&usg=AFQjCNGj_tRVRoiIzMA1F9NJuu2kjE0qYA" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Varlé </a></span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://archive.org/details/completeviewofba00varl/mode/2up%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1634765404540000%26usg%3DAOvVaw1emN3O7hMxZ4EiVaccPpkd&source=gmail-html&ust=1634848219400000&usg=AFQjCNGj_tRVRoiIzMA1F9NJuu2kjE0qYA" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">A Complete View of Baltimore</a></span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://archive.org/details/completeviewofba00varl/mode/2up%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1634765404540000%26usg%3DAOvVaw1emN3O7hMxZ4EiVaccPpkd&source=gmail-html&ust=1634848219400000&usg=AFQjCNGj_tRVRoiIzMA1F9NJuu2kjE0qYA" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">, 1833</a></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">In the decade that followed John Roach’s arrival, the city would be carefully and scientifically maped for development. The boundaries of the significant enlargement of Baltimore by the General Assembly in 1818 to over 14 square miles were defined and laid out through an accurate survey of the streets, alleys, and the city blocks, most of which lay vacant, lying in wait for the city’s expansion of housing and industry.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt8" id="m_ftnt_ref8" rel="noreferrer">[8]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:569.33px"><img alt="" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/EIwn_rrZsrOMHey4ZwsjLRdcRYj_Kf6hlwq-DYNwr_ByzeacFQkVpcraRT4zg-Pg8I8vhwI5Fvqc4YNEpUjaqTEkqimOPi0OGlKYJMmrz7dXjivX-hxGzxDoLWwGAZ_sLBOeAb8I=s1600" style="width:624.00px;height:569.33px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">John Roach’s store and printing office circled in red on an excerpt </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">from Thomas Poppleon’s 1822 map of Baltimore</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt9" id="m_ftnt_ref9" rel="noreferrer">[9]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:551.50px;height:565.64px"><img alt="" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/muCxBFUGL2DPdjKgWbNzOTu5aUpN1xIeIYq8bT6AHR-tPLnaIAm_awjMdlHlk1jL9M3GtGFlB8po_USc3hUNZl8qnO8gBzrqrEAKtkVYvY_XDk1T_6OFF-MUcvCnsLvuJYs7Kh1V=s1600" style="width:551.50px;height:565.64px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">Tetlow’s patented ruling machine, 1770</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt10" id="m_ftnt_ref10" rel="noreferrer">[10]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">John Jerome Roach at the age of 54, and his son John, jr. 15, arrived in Baltimore in October 1819 with a printing press, a ruling machine for printing ruled music paper, and a considerable stock of books and goods for the new stationery store which he rented at 38 Market Street. The following June his wife Jane, 44, and their two daughters, Louisa Jane, 13, and Matilda Mary, 18, arrived on the </span><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Henry Clay</span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""> to join them.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt11" id="m_ftnt_ref11" rel="noreferrer">[11]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:533.50px;height:786.77px"><img alt="" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/0AmjKxluaywbdiQvGeJhOjM6fcmm8_0zO_gtWQN6NxvS6_bOdytpuPfO1rdN8f5UR_KJK9hs7B4HAufVnqMmFkvsn6poLgeLMEt4vIUzexPSwxnuRNAjRKnvf0QnmImp6C2F_DwA=s1600" style="width:533.50px;height:786.77px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">American & Commercial Daily Advertiser</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> - Nov 18, 1819</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">Roach’s first advertisement in Baltimore appeared in the </span><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">American & Commercial Daily Advertiser</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> in November, 1819. In addition to selling musical instruments, fine books, and patent medicines, he even offered to teach “a few gentlemen the theory and practice of Fencing” in his spare time.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:322.00px;height:620.00px"><img alt="" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/ucnzJZMaolXWUQ_6CfOwzrj-vJ7A4e8POVnE-zJw-mQ97iM0lFc-k__BjBMWe7w6oYJLe4FlSYdIgxRJ4u57n451m5MjbDeGc4F7VTYxZYx4okeS1wg88N1z2cPi15KDmAIYpwFQ=s1600" style="width:322.00px;height:620.00px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">American & Commercial Daily Advertiser</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> - Dec 21, 1819</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">As the years passed, he would print and publish a song pamphlet with the lyrics to </span><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Home Sweet Home</span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""> by an American, which was first sung in an opera at London's Covent Garden in 1823.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt12" id="m_ftnt_ref12" rel="noreferrer">[12]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> He would also publish his own Universal Almanac such as the one for 1828 which featured a wood cut of Lafayette who had returned in triumph to Baltimore on tour four years previous.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:686.50px;height:355.62px"><img alt="" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/etw-7NBYposgCrOW_IGF_7cKqyIsGB6DgsB6EvW6EcDiQfG6HRXAbDbDMhsdnRp9O_UBQXc9WELEsD8AUHa-UToajmLaDl4sJEA5h8i3DcBQPX_QEcViDf7b1aEXEb9eGZvtoktS=s1600" style="width:686.50px;height:355.62px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center"><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">The Melodist</span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">, 1825 and </span><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Universal Almanac,</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> 1828, </span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">images from the originals courtesy of the Maryland Center for History and Culture</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt13" id="m_ftnt_ref13" rel="noreferrer">[13]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">One of his greater achievements was the creation of a circulating library that by the time of his death had grown to 6,000 volumes. It was not as successful as Joseph Robinson’s nor as large, but it did provide a steady income as witnessed by those who owed payment of their annual subscriptions to his estate.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt14" id="m_ftnt_ref14" rel="noreferrer">[14]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:258.00px;height:533.00px"><img alt="" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/nt6Pf25vMnXXr9FT-Ht1hugZDvGWXz_wXszcV0R2b9FNufoBsoVI5JLCPs_dFtCUj5npYFQM8ah0wengwwFRNucOWsc6Mt7t64JYQ0Mb1mFVudKU9tGJykmu6SxtoN28qNrNNtmQ=s1600" style="width:258.00px;height:533.00px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">American & Commercial Daily Advertiser - Apr 27, 1821</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:773.33px"><img alt="" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/KT2GbiMcq-iv4VNEygx3Co-LPiVdUOaKyFUlxt1ze6zTocbHUOP_cvH4GGDnSvuMp4mCRqnBhcpcu7Hefh8RD-Lur8OQs8nAFVY4g6HCiDKar0xpu06n6wRFE6itWuBBcuwq7Y_z=s1600" style="width:624.00px;height:773.33px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">ca. 1826 catalogue of John Roach’s Circulating Library,</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">courtesy of the Maryland Center for History and Culture</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt15" id="m_ftnt_ref15" rel="noreferrer">[15]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">With the addition of the Circulating Library in 1821, Roach also began specializing in Musical Instruments and music. John Roach, Jr., even organized a band to play the instruments in parades and to serenade for a price.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:685.33px"><img alt="" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/vWq4OB1X8cZabiCIHuYa2ADYWUHxeTAmBe-L9aYxDvFI1Lq_InPGMaD2lXtFBMq79ZCN9oKfnP7HP8sLIHpK0LHjE4lgxMC7pyNed6Akv-VS8fuFt1AoBH4IObRQkvPAzrhCvBOh=s1600" style="width:624.00px;height:685.33px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">American and Commercial Daily Advertiser</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Wednesday, Oct 31, 1821, Mar 20, 1823, and Sept 9, 1823</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><hr style="page-break-before:always;display:none"><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">In 1821, John Roach Jr. also brought umbrellas to Baltimore, manufacturing and selling them at the family store, 34/38 Market Street.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt16" id="m_ftnt_ref16" rel="noreferrer">[16]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:241.33px"><img alt="" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/VRLXwKa3pepGTKGFhgTbt-JKOC-aCvtbmOPb6EWzSecWrjioWxR83qzJe7RbtAkYjS0G3uUHQzn-uVNcVqqt7lxmhDjYGIJy30NyH_MI9-bHVAsouTgHJiGEdZoxkUr7WiBe4Vsg=s1600" style="width:624.00px;height:241.33px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">American Commercial and Daily Advertiser,</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> June 11, 1821, May 10, 1825, </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">and </span><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Baltimore Republican</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">, June 6, 1829</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">In addition to his store, John Roach Sr. was an ardent Odd Fellow, serving as a PG Past Grand (which means he presided over an Odd Fellows Lodge) and as General Secretary of the Order. In 1825 he proposed to print an American edition of the </span><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Odd Fellows Magazine </span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">published in Manchester, England. As General Secretary of the order, following the national meeting in Baltimore in 1828 he was required to place a notice in the newspapers that the “Strangers Refuge Lodge, No. 4” in New York was expelled. The reasons were not given. </span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt17" id="m_ftnt_ref17" rel="noreferrer">[17]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> Roach worked side by side with Thomas Wildey who organized the American order of Odd Fellows in 1824. </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:326.67px"><img alt="" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/EhkcqbqLva-Jz-LWEhZqGxExSbIAfosRUREvEht_H6pZj6kAJeAMWPFm2qo6sTpLH4cZ9xIDXarw5fd1QQcZEMFFC4If-jHSxPYQalkE5UEcHnpA1oszOLeStid8251csczqUDYW=s1600" style="width:624.00px;height:326.67px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">American and Commercial Daily Advertiser</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Saturday, May 31, 1828</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://nypl.getarchive.net/media/wildeys-old-fellows-monument-2bcc80?zoom%253Dtrue%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1634765404547000%26usg%3DAOvVaw1WcL0XKZbcoWOKFEWXm_ES&source=gmail-html&ust=1634848219401000&usg=AFQjCNHYxwUY8qcTm6tTFYjPKtklUOH8rA" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">image of monument, New York Public Library</a></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">While a monument was erected to Wildey on Broadway near Johns Hopkins Hospital, there is no known memorial to John Roach Sr., who died on Saturday, March 13, 1830. He was buried in St. Paul’s burying ground, as was his wife Jane in 1849,with a simple gravestone.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt18" id="m_ftnt_ref18" rel="noreferrer">[18]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:385.50px;height:169.27px"><img alt="" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/LgEy1b-fUA6_FII1TPzqQa6brSaCGwfkR5PqtD7aXracHDeRzUmMRQb29z_kaPYShDQvIfzTiTjWPsvhcREBzHD1YZlDLGD2HUC6uREKttom-bzylvrALm47nRQpkzGmLYghAUEW=s1600" style="width:385.50px;height:169.27px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Baltimore Gazette and Daily Advertiser</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Monday, Mar 15, 1830. </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:7pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Note: should read Plymouth Dock, not Plymouth</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">John Roach left a will in which he gave two thirds of his estate to his wife, one third to his as yet unmarried daughter Louisa, and five dollars each to his son John Jr. and his married daughter, Matilda Denison.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt19" id="m_ftnt_ref19" rel="noreferrer">[19]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> His inventory and accounts reveal a substantial fortune. </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:366.50px;height:452.84px"><img alt="" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/l5d3Xgi9H0cD6rpma8k5jCcMQuWeIvYPATnICRKMMIYiCzMNT8YvSEOH8E6ejRpSNWo8eym6PZbdnimy_xu2UTG9l1ZtvTTB3FbWJ01cuhb-sOKk-BMx4qt03TT8Z867USBNSHov=s1600" style="width:366.50px;height:452.84px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.pbagalleries.com/view-auctions/catalog/id/354/lot/108268/Collection-of-16-children-s-Chap-Books-printed-by-F-Houlston-and-Son%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1634765404549000%26usg%3DAOvVaw18STjtqWWsZ9pKD2iKj0kG&source=gmail-html&ust=1634848219401000&usg=AFQjCNECj26A9up3wOT-gCGr4jy8s5df0w" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">A collection of chap and toy books sold by PBA Galleries</a></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">The inventory to his personal estate amounted to $2518.31, the equivalent of $75,086.70 in 2021.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt20" id="m_ftnt_ref20" rel="noreferrer">[20]</a></sup><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""> It included the stock of the store, one lot of umbrella frames worth $2, 3100 volumes of books presumably in the circulating library, 600 chap books and 432 “toy” books. His Ruling Machine and Printing press “with type faces and all the apparatus appertaining to the printing establishment” were valued at $330. Shares in the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad (2) and the Circus (1) were appraised at $51 and there was nearly $400 in cash in the house at the time of his death.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt21" id="m_ftnt_ref21" rel="noreferrer">[21]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">According to his accounts, he was owed $1672.44, the equivalent of $49,852.86 in 2021 . His debtors included local printers, Fielding Lucas, William Pechin, and the firm of Toy & Lucas. The notorious slave dealer, Austin Woolfolk owed him $38.38, while the founder of the Odd Fellows and his friend Thomas Wildey owed him $18.70. Several of the subscribers to the Circulating Library had yet to pay the annual fee of $4, while others were substantially in arrears.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt22" id="m_ftnt_ref22" rel="noreferrer">[22]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:325.33px"><img alt="" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/71FFFU3do9RQn8S_x3IGFLJniHpmMJNwpohh9wOtVHpP9BD0yO6Rug7al1UcseiLohp1hlPvcWBuIgJAUu-phFXjCx8Ak-MflwUA8ploM6VYFLpYRmjUQB9Zqk2UBnGNtpjeew1C=s1600" style="width:624.00px;height:325.33px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Baltimore Sun</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">, April 25, 1840</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">The store building on Market/Baltimore street was rented and does not appear in the inventory or the accounting of John Roach’s estate. His widow Jane and son John carried on the business for a few more years, but she let the lease run out and retired to the home of her daughter Matilda and son-in-law Marcus Denison, a wealthy grocer and private director of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. There she died in comfort on March 8, 1849 while John struggled to make a living on his own.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt23" id="m_ftnt_ref23" rel="noreferrer">[23]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:559.50px;height:302.17px"><img alt="" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/NvaTPW_RR-5tzSjvFUaLiQomiWjaP9mJ88HZ2KB1sAdls0uujbZY6UHcMJG1lphgcX0HO-jZe-UGpJGAdbUgFJQJSVHYrBvScmRg_lHLg7aFvm5iIRQQGYS5d3CV6ynHJqnwf66O=s1600" style="width:559.50px;height:302.17px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Baltimore Patriot, September 27, 1830 and</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Baltimore Gazette and Daily Advertiser, February 2, 1831</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">The younger daughter, Louisa, who helped her brother repair umbrellas, married the owner of a circus, shortly after her father died. In October 1830 she married George Blanchard, the manager of the Baltimore Theater and Circus on Front Street who would find himself deep in debt and pursued by creditors the following year. +</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:217.50px;height:267.69px"><img alt="" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/Rxa5AfzEqwSRUSEDQ86abvJMMUI4_3ecI7GCfHmbrKHBEie3A9ZFk2dk1fZIBKvw8-8TBwoXiW_iW7mmc5PPASAcbRAZ2oFpa1V6xcYbzI1oKsrg2jk4x5OqVxOwXG3XvPcCyEmM=s1600" style="width:217.50px;height:267.69px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.ancestry.com/mediaui-viewer/tree/151246094/person/282010435909/media/425c3e9e-c754-4311-956c-d3bddb519215%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1634765404551000%26usg%3DAOvVaw305-di3JTGVtXxi4m5mIIn&source=gmail-html&ust=1634848219401000&usg=AFQjCNEgwOJ_yWc_1mT_doWnk6aEyUZWTQ" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Louisa Jane Roach Blanchard (1806-1869)</a></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">They moved to Kentucky to start anew. She died in 1869 in Louisville leaving behind the only known portrait of a member of John Roach’s immediate family.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:445.50px;height:499.76px"><img alt="" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/ZhPIKv469KJA3JN7qaYlx5Au6IiBo8_JjoWdnXZ9PvTxxkR_KkJEeszG0mmMwL0Cf2XL0p0tMUIjl4Fyv8OUsZ_cPX8GerRxavleSy0Cuv92xI8tehDpC6FgQIceXrcg87gyJ3HX=s1600" style="width:445.50px;height:499.76px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">The Baltimore Clipper, March 9, 1842</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">As to John Jr. he went bankrupt as an umbrella maker and band leader.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt24" id="m_ftnt_ref24" rel="noreferrer">[24]</a></sup><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""> He divorced his wife (by act of the General Assembly) and became a house painter who assaulted the local constabulary and took out newspaper advertisements that are at best bizarre including one that suggests he bought a slave on the run in hopes that she eventually would be caught and he could sell her for a profit to a slave dealer like Austin Woolfolk.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt25" id="m_ftnt_ref25" rel="noreferrer">[25]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:697.33px"><img alt="" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/kkNF0-e2LjlRs_LGRk6nl0Bp87T_QAUDgOS5TsEPiVEu0rRAmcvYgeE_teKEigtgxVYUTdGmx3RLbl8DTr0883YQzKT8txF8hKC6I5tfOrr3-uZred37Hsb9UPMSgqCWhs7T_IYD=s1600" style="width:624.00px;height:697.33px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">A sample of John Roach Jr.’s advertisements, 1831-1853</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt26" id="m_ftnt_ref26" rel="noreferrer">[26]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">In other advertisements seeking customers for his painting business, John Jr. poked fun at the Millerites who predicted the end of the world in 1843 or 1844. In 1849 he was arrested by officer Manly for throwing bricks at watchman Charles Ford and fined two dollars.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt27" id="m_ftnt_ref27" rel="noreferrer">[27]</a></sup><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""> In 1852 he assaulted police officer Kries.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt28" id="m_ftnt_ref28" rel="noreferrer">[28]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> The last the public heard from him was an advertisement noting that he had won prizes at the Maryland Institute in Baltimore and the American Institute in New York for his signs.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:433.00px;height:185.44px"><img alt="" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/SiZEn0EtVzIFM1-cPDdWby6TjKyLOYPJFDt-vrHjCBJoLvo02vLV5JL4-6cqJbrCxYMl0lMZIzlotTs2WFW-yiJEJLPTSgqAfG9CKY_VYPpZA3cxZrAA4TZeD35rAxxzesBP3mB9=s1600" style="width:433.00px;height:185.44px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:center"><span style="color:#4a4a4a;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11.5pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">American and Commercial Daily Advertiser</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:center"><span style="color:#4a4a4a;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11.5pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Friday, Dec 30, 1853</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#4a4a4a;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11.5pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">The end did come at some point for John Jr., of course, but when and where is not known. Perhaps having lost all perspective, he simply dropped from sight.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">As to John Roach Sr., he deserves to be remembered better, if not for his fencing, for his printing, his marketing skills, and his books. He pursued the American Dream, if a bit late in life, and was successful. He brought music and books to Baltimore. He created a lending library of “cheap reading”. He supplied schools with paper and textbooks. He sold merchants and musicians ledger books and ruled paper for accounting and composition, and he printed inexpensive books for budding artists such as the </span><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Young Artist’s Companion</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> which inspired at least one owner to sketch between its covers. </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"></span></p></div><hr style="width:33%;height:1px"><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref1" id="m_ftnt1" rel="noreferrer">[1]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">The attribution of this work to Baltimore’s Richard Hallett Townsend (1804-1879) is doubtful as he would have been five years old when Robinson printed this volume. The mystery is further compounded by the publication in 1836, also printed by Joseph Robinson, of </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Rhymes</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">, which is attributed to Richard H. Townsend. Perhaps one day I will be able to solve who was indeed the author of </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Original Poems</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> and of </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Rhymes</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">. In the meantime, the only known copy of </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Original Poems</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> signed by its owner, the bilingual printer from Frederick, </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc3500/sc3520/014900/014987/html/14987bio.html%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1634765404556000%26usg%3DAOvVaw34WShqN7A4yNl8TZfHmB-6&source=gmail-html&ust=1634848219401000&usg=AFQjCNFiV3YyS96FwcBHxLMgs8xAXP4IIA" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"> Matthias Bartgis</a></span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> is in the Huntington Library</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">:</span></p><ul class="m_lst-kix_7dtrot4qy3x3-0 m_start" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.0;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Title</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.0;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Original poems</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.0;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Author</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.0;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Townsend, Richard H.</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.0;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Publication Date</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.0;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1809</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.0;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Imprint</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.0;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">[Baltimore] : Samuel Jefferis, 1809 ([Baltimore] : Robinson, Printer).</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.0;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Pages</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.0;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">151</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.0;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Language</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.0;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">English</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.0;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Document Type</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.0;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Monograph</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.0;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Sabin Collection Number</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.0;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">96393</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.0;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Physical Description</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.0;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">x, 139 p</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.0;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Source Library</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.0;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Huntington Library</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.0;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Gale Document Number</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.0;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">GALE|CY0102685955</span></li></ul><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"></span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref2" id="m_ftnt2" rel="noreferrer">[2]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">American, </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.childrensliterature.amdigital.co.uk/Documents/Details/AAS_247249%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1634765404559000%26usg%3DAOvVaw1PN6kvmbwfTkODZX0-8UNk&source=gmail-html&ust=1634848219401000&usg=AFQjCNGeLD6sEI-HMHvpyWS-RboOpW0VZQ" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">4th edition, John Roach,</a></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.childrensliterature.amdigital.co.uk/Documents/Details/AAS_247249%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1634765404560000%26usg%3DAOvVaw2WOEpDHnEjb-f7vq5GVkIT&source=gmail-html&ust=1634848219401000&usg=AFQjCNF8V5fAhz6zgIOSpOamTAH7j7ujgA" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">American Antiquarian Society</a></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">. The ascribed date of publication is in error. It should be 1825. The British Library has two copies available online,</span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://explore.bl.uk/BLVU1:LSCOP-ALL:BLL01018849953%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1634765404560000%26usg%3DAOvVaw2a2ePVUws34Eyjy7UYGbSl&source=gmail-html&ust=1634848219401000&usg=AFQjCNGSCsTyter-FOg88GsncUAvV0ekVQ" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"> one dated ca. 1815 and is the third English edition</a></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> (originally owned by the British Museum, and </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://explore.bl.uk/BLVU1:LSCOP-ALL:BLL01018939600%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1634765404561000%26usg%3DAOvVaw1XZU5x6Bs7_KM7s0qPvzLM&source=gmail-html&ust=1634848219401000&usg=AFQjCNGy978DRFaL4qFBbPuybX0KZ1WMmQ" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">one dated 1830, which is the 4th English edition</a></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">. </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://play.google.com/books/reader?id%253DpXQDAAAAQAAJ%2526pg%253DGBS.PP6%2526hl%253Den%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1634765404561000%26usg%3DAOvVaw0DIqDY4rObMYsq8FtNw-DI&source=gmail-html&ust=1634848219401000&usg=AFQjCNEdbuCPb3WU3qJlSfOEXojfnQf4dA" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">The Bodleian Library copy</a></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">, also a 3rd English edition, is available on line from Google Books.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref3" id="m_ftnt3" rel="noreferrer">[3]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">The 1841 census for the area in and around Coventry is available from </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.rootspoint.com%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1634765404573000%26usg%3DAOvVaw1hn9sFux-AObBCdjadF0zp&source=gmail-html&ust=1634848219401000&usg=AFQjCNE1VRT5Mj3FMAihiSffQI6vcrN2OA" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://www.rootspoint.com</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">. There are several Joseph Barnes, one of whom is 57 and whose occupation is difficult to read, but may be ‘painter’? The Coventry Archives proved to be no help and there is nothing known about Joseph Barnes the author at any art museum or major art reference library.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref4" id="m_ftnt4" rel="noreferrer">[4]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Foster, James W. Fielding Lucas, Jr., Early 19th Century Publisher of Fine Books and Maps. 1956, pp 196-197. The announcement appeared at the back of his 1820 drawing book. Roach printed and ultimately published the </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Young Artist’s Companion.</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> He may have even done some printing for Lucas rather than the other way around as Forster suggests. </span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref5" id="m_ftnt5" rel="noreferrer">[5]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">There is some confusion with regard to the street number. John Roach’s store was always at the north west corner of Market and Frederick Street which at times was numbered 38 Market Street, at other times as 34 Market Street, and finally 38 Baltimore Street. </span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref6" id="m_ftnt6" rel="noreferrer">[6]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">See the </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Hampshire Chronicle</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> for Monday October 23, 1820, “BANKRUPTS to surrender in the COUNTRY … John Roach, late of Plymouth Dock, stationer, Oct. 28, 30, Nov. 28, at 11, at the Carlton Coffeehouse, Plymouth Dock. Attorney, Mr. Smith, Fore-street, Plymouth Doc.” By then Roach was well ensconced in Baltimore, safe from his British creditors. </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"></span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref7" id="m_ftnt7" rel="noreferrer">[7]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Baltimore Federation of Labor’s Illustrated History …</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> (1900), p. 69 [ill.; S. J. Adler & Son, ca. 1900. </span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"> </span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref8" id="m_ftnt8" rel="noreferrer">[8]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">see: </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.rememberingbaltimore.net/2020/06/thomas-poppleton-map-that-made-baltimore.html%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1634765404565000%26usg%3DAOvVaw3zEP2GKrftkImyejrL1vEh&source=gmail-html&ust=1634848219401000&usg=AFQjCNEz9DhMvfJs_hmHLbAeWLwU2aRuEg" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://www.<wbr>rememberingbaltimore.net/2020/<wbr>06/thomas-poppleton-map-that-<wbr>made-baltimore.html</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref9" id="m_ftnt9" rel="noreferrer">[9]</a><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> for the expansion of the city in 1818 by the General Assembly and the creation of Thomas Poppleton’s map, see: </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://www.rememberingbaltimore.net/2020/06/thomas-poppleton-map-that-made-baltimore.html%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1634765404564000%26usg%3DAOvVaw2V5YP1sjdqXZxia0A-kyaR&source=gmail-html&ust=1634848219401000&usg=AFQjCNH1I1jqNnbWBI1Xp8U8kajftQ2ppg" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://www.<wbr>rememberingbaltimore.net/2020/<wbr>06/thomas-poppleton-map-that-<wbr>made-baltimore.html</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref10" id="m_ftnt10" rel="noreferrer">[10]</a><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Machine for ruling paper for music and other purposes.</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> British Patent number 963, issued 15 June 1770 to John Tetlow. Patent and drawings published by London, Eyre and Spottiswood, at the Great Seal Patent Office, 1850. </span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref11" id="m_ftnt11" rel="noreferrer">[11]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">All the arrivals and applications for citizenship for the Roach family are to be found on </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://www.ancestry.com/search/rectype/default.aspx?rt%253D40%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1634765404572000%26usg%3DAOvVaw37_P-fNkCo1PYnn1gr9m20&source=gmail-html&ust=1634848219401000&usg=AFQjCNHSxMxVG2XdvbGYs-egEZmNQU7ShQ" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Ancestry.com </a></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">including the manifest of the passengers on the </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Henry Clay</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref12" id="m_ftnt12" rel="noreferrer">[12]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Home, Sweet Home" is a song from the opera Clari, or the Maid of Milan which was first performed at Covent Garden, London in 1823. The lyrics were written by American actor and playwright John Howard Payne (1791-1852).</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.bookbrowse.com/expressions/detail/index.cfm/expression_number/386/home-sweet-home%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1634765404562000%26usg%3DAOvVaw3h0TRHZvDEwHIzWKY6He0r&source=gmail-html&ust=1634848219401000&usg=AFQjCNENo7w7ikb2LpOUoq0flFJ3RztICg" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://www.bookbrowse.com/<wbr>expressions/detail/index.cfm/<wbr>expression_number/386/home-<wbr>sweet-home</a></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> and </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home!_Sweet_Home%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1634765404563000%26usg%3DAOvVaw21g72faYGmuxPe4WnHnX79&source=gmail-html&ust=1634848219401000&usg=AFQjCNEAho6puW1ylqxz6fW_FuGY8cautg" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<wbr>Home!_Sweet_Home</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref13" id="m_ftnt13" rel="noreferrer">[13]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Maryland Center for History and Culture, MZ B Roach 1825M, Special Collections Reading Room, and MAY42.R628 1828, main reading room.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref14" id="m_ftnt14" rel="noreferrer">[14]</a><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> For Robinson’s circulating library see: Joseph Lawrence Yeatman, “Literary Culture and the Role of Libraries in Democratic America: Baltimore, 1815-1840,” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Journal of Library History,</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> Fall, 1985, Vol. 20,No. 4, p. 352. Yeatman is not always accurate. For example he calls John Roach </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Joseph</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> and places his circulating library at 2,000 volumes. By Robinson’s standard it was (he peaked at over 17,000 volumes) but Roach had 6,000 volumes to lend by 1830. For circulating libraries see: Kaser, David. A Book for a Sixpence: The Circulating Library in America. Pittsburg: Beta Phi Mu, 1980, pp 171, 175. </span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref15" id="m_ftnt15" rel="noreferrer">[15]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Maryland Center for History and Culture, MZ 881.R62, Main Reading Room.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"></span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref16" id="m_ftnt16" rel="noreferrer">[16]</a><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.preservationmaryland.org/made-in-maryland-the-first-umbrella-factory-in-baltimore-city/%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1634765404565000%26usg%3DAOvVaw3kygR_vuL_DUPl4L1lhHuD&source=gmail-html&ust=1634848219401000&usg=AFQjCNGpMc_Q2TMVu2gpuVLe4duLDFM6Zw" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">According to one usually reliable source, “Baltimore City has the distinction of being the location of the very first umbrella factory. The Beehler Umbrella Factory was founded in 1828 by German immigrant Francis Beehler. The company’s motto was, “Born in Baltimore, Raised Everywhere!” </a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> In fact John Roach Jr. began the manufacture of Umbrellas in Baltimore in 1820 as witnessed by these advertisements.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref17" id="m_ftnt17" rel="noreferrer">[17]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Roach is barely mentioned in the history of the Odd Fellows although he clearly was an important colleague and supporter of Thomas Wildey who is credited with founding the order in America.. See: Ridgely, James L.</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> History of American Odd Fellowship.: The First Decade</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">. Baltimore, Md: Published by James L. Ridgely, by authority of the Grand Lodge of the United States I.O.O.F., 1878.</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"> </span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref18" id="m_ftnt18" rel="noreferrer">[18]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.findagrave.com/cemetery/644048/old-saint-pauls-cemetery%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1634765404566000%26usg%3DAOvVaw37uFuE4owXm3aGe1X0ICTr&source=gmail-html&ust=1634848219401000&usg=AFQjCNF1B6QY0KM39IgxKJn53u0FNXCYNw" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://www.findagrave.<wbr>com/cemetery/644048/old-saint-<wbr>pauls-cemetery</a></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> and </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.ancestry.com/family-tree/person/tree/100262149/person/350001446440/story%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1634765404566000%26usg%3DAOvVaw0_mll4f_xzULEnFPL63gsF&source=gmail-html&ust=1634848219401000&usg=AFQjCNG4BJj8UZno4vlA2vB4W7c7ezZk9w" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://www.ancestry.com/<wbr>family-tree/person/tree/<wbr>100262149/person/350001446440/<wbr>story</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref19" id="m_ftnt19" rel="noreferrer">[19]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-GP4Z-TXK?i%253D245%2526wc%253DSNY3-2NL%25253A146536801%25252C146805501%2526cc%253D1803986%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1634765404567000%26usg%3DAOvVaw0JnCQSoydVHOFE6hMQxvEO&source=gmail-html&ust=1634848219401000&usg=AFQjCNGkctuqza3432NXumMxz2yyEKMa4w" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Maryland Register of Wills Records, Baltimore Administrations 1830-1834 vol 9</a></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">, and </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-GTPN-9JJ5?i%253D210%2526wc%253DSNYW-2NR%25253A146536801%25252C150594001%2526cc%253D1803986%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1634765404568000%26usg%3DAOvVaw3rkV9uh0sF6G6bxrFOchML&source=gmail-html&ust=1634848219402000&usg=AFQjCNE57UcUkehjohs2Y5PqVUICgJSiSQ" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Maryland Register of Wills Records, Baltimore Wills 1827-1832 vol 13</a></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">, f. 388</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref20" id="m_ftnt20" rel="noreferrer">[20]</a><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#1155cc;text-decoration:underline"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33S7-9TBV-971C?i%253D268%2526wc%253DSNY4-GPJ%25253A146536801%25252C147414701%2526cc%253D1803986%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1634765404569000%26usg%3DAOvVaw0XCG40rUJR-ifAgTrjGahb&source=gmail-html&ust=1634848219402000&usg=AFQjCNFKyMMzdhcstDOG5b8eTZu4TX4xYw" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"> </a></span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33S7-9TBV-971C?i%253D268%2526wc%253DSNY4-GPJ%25253A146536801%25252C147414701%2526cc%253D1803986%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1634765404570000%26usg%3DAOvVaw3e7vJ8F-reHn4jCSuQlyja&source=gmail-html&ust=1634848219402000&usg=AFQjCNGpHDx9WT-FPrEw5PT7dzhu_SYgSg" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Maryland Register of Wills Records, Baltimore Inventories 1829-1830 vol 38, ff. 500</a></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">. </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.officialdata.org/us/inflation/1830?amount%253D2518.31%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1634765404570000%26usg%3DAOvVaw2Y0bSxo1XfKpBXtm-PTXX8&source=gmail-html&ust=1634848219402000&usg=AFQjCNG0Jz0yEwkmyUVsw1q0MNSui6dr-w" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://www.officialdata.org/<wbr>us/inflation/1830?amount=2518.<wbr>31</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"> </span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref21" id="m_ftnt21" rel="noreferrer">[21]</a><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-GTBV-9QH5?i%253D269%2526wc%253DSNY4-GPJ%25253A146536801%25252C147414701%2526cc%253D1803986%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1634765404568000%26usg%3DAOvVaw0h8URt-TOg5lbmIAQsSwfH&source=gmail-html&ust=1634848219402000&usg=AFQjCNFOfcTTZJLiia4Jx3DrdQQXbjWFFA" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Maryland Register of Wills Records, Baltimore Inventories 1829-1830 vol 38</a></span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#1155cc;text-decoration:underline"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-GTBV-9QH5?i%253D269%2526wc%253DSNY4-GPJ%25253A146536801%25252C147414701%2526cc%253D1803986%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1634765404569000%26usg%3DAOvVaw2_Os7s5ikevzXtF2Of3JLP&source=gmail-html&ust=1634848219402000&usg=AFQjCNEDZhr-8wEtHKoBPDs_y14ZdBOk5g" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">, ff. 500</a></span><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#1155cc;text-decoration:underline"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.officialdata.org/us/inflation/1830?amount%253D1672%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1634765404569000%26usg%3DAOvVaw2XsRxFjckOXHrsQhomfZ85&source=gmail-html&ust=1634848219402000&usg=AFQjCNGyOGCaGDaOZH7ElWgmKbV9C2gLbA" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://www.officialdata.<wbr>org/us/inflation/1830?amount=<wbr>1672</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"> </span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref22" id="m_ftnt22" rel="noreferrer">[22]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-GTBV-9QH5?i%253D269%2526wc%253DSNY4-GPJ%25253A146536801%25252C147414701%2526cc%253D1803986%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1634765404571000%26usg%3DAOvVaw22-TpJu8QRDvYy63eVw0vr&source=gmail-html&ust=1634848219402000&usg=AFQjCNHR_RyoGpTv1OOOL2R8uJ8QAlk0cw" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Maryland Register of Wills Records, Baltimore Inventories 1829-1830 vol 38</a></span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#1155cc;text-decoration:underline"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-GTBV-9QH5?i%253D269%2526wc%253DSNY4-GPJ%25253A146536801%25252C147414701%2526cc%253D1803986%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1634765404571000%26usg%3DAOvVaw22-TpJu8QRDvYy63eVw0vr&source=gmail-html&ust=1634848219402000&usg=AFQjCNHR_RyoGpTv1OOOL2R8uJ8QAlk0cw" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">, ff. 500</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"> </span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref23" id="m_ftnt23" rel="noreferrer">[23]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Death notice, </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">American and Commercial Daily Advertiser</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">, Saturday March 10,1849, “Died on the 8th inst, Jane Roach, aged 76 years, relict of John Roach. ...funeral this (Saturday) afternoon at 3 o’clock from the residence of Marcus Denison, No. 13.S. Gay st.”The docket entry for her will and inventory is to be found in Maryland Register of Wills, Baltimore City, Administrations 1849-1852, vol. 13, image 247. For Marcus Denison as a prosperous grocer, tea merchant, and private director of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, see: David Schley.</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> Steam City. Railroads, Urban Space, and Corporate Capitalism in Nineteenth-Century Baltimore</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2021, p. 229 and Henry Hall. </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">America's Successful Men of Affairs: An Encyclopedia of Contemporaneous Biography</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">. [New York]: New York Tribune, 1895.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref24" id="m_ftnt24" rel="noreferrer">[24]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">The Baltimore Sun</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">, July 31, 1849.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref25" id="m_ftnt25" rel="noreferrer">[25]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">John J. Roach was granted a divorce from Dorcas A. Roach by the legislature of Maryland. </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> Baltimore Sun</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">, March 21, 1839 and </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://aomol.msa.maryland.gov/000001/000598/html/am598--186.html%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1634765404574000%26usg%3DAOvVaw3xHguCnAb-dPe_qKDI4_zz&source=gmail-html&ust=1634848219402000&usg=AFQjCNHYTNxSJ_J3M2NYgd8n3CyfTJvsEQ" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://aomol.msa.maryland.gov/<wbr>000001/000598/html/am598--186.<wbr>html</a></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">. Is it possible that he was suffering from lead poisoning? There is evidence that house painters today are still affected by lead paint. </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.paintsquare.com/news/?fuseaction%253Dview%2526id%253D10654%2523:~:text%253DLead%252520is%252520not%252520dead%252520as,a%252520new%252520federal%252520study%252520reports%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1634765404574000%26usg%3DAOvVaw27pKfxGRG3B0N83JejYMsX&source=gmail-html&ust=1634848219402000&usg=AFQjCNF8zBOycoH7CdUTWC5D5pmYOl0SYw" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://www.paintsquare.com/<wbr>news/?fuseaction=view&id=<wbr>10654#:~:text=Lead%20is%20not%<wbr>20dead%20as,a%20new%20federal%<wbr>20study%20reports</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"></span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref26" id="m_ftnt26" rel="noreferrer">[26]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">The story of Milky and those that pursued her is a complex one. The first runaway notice was placed by S. T. Walker in the Baltimore Gazette and Daily Advertiser on March 19, 1830. He first offers $20 for her capture and confinement to Baltimore County jail, but raises it to $100, before transferring the pursuit to John Roach Jr. (American and Commercial Daily Advertiser, June 27, 1831) who offered $50 for her capture. How Roach came by the right to claim ownership of Milky is not known. For John Roach Jr.’s ads see: The Baltimore Sun, August 11, 1842, August 29, 1843, January 25, 1843, March 25, 1845, July 17, 1845, March 2, 1846, December 29, 1853, Baltimore Daily Commercial, January 12, 1846. His painting did merit mention in the Baltimore Sun, September 29, 1849, where he is credited with painting the interior of a new hotel with “lively colors”</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref27" id="m_ftnt27" rel="noreferrer">[27]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">The Baltimore Sun,</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> August 2, 1849</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal">.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref28" id="m_ftnt28" rel="noreferrer">[28]</a><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">The Baltimore Sun</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">, March 25, 1852.</span></p></div></div></body></html>ecpcliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01498580508411177787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1033015240460437200.post-41198876540506928892021-09-10T12:29:00.010-07:002022-06-08T11:57:44.714-07:00A Spy in the Neighborhood of Charles Village, Baltimore<html><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><style></style></head><body><div style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:72pt 72pt 72pt 72pt;max-width:468pt"><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:15pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">A Spy in the Neighborhood of Charles Village: </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:15pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">the intersecting lives of a Confessed Communist Spy turned Conservative Republican, and a </span><span style="font-size:15pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Baltimore American</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:15pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> Reporter</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:15pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:20.00px;height:20.00px"><img alt="" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/NLU2GYhPfUYJOrVHZAH2raG0aw2Dodv2nowvsNifp5fTWFVyPqckhYWLWvAxV8MbIx7S-hVmnbbgRuIj39gc5PFCsP_bgDlpJ27ShwtjnZvPFCdG_rJFf7P099dMgjxc_tScTzbGWUQywhu6-A" style="width:20.00px;height:20.00px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Edward C. Papenfuse,</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Maryland State Archivist, retired</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:214.67px"><img alt="" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/AtMSeTAjhYObl5LuwvqDHZWvUpNpGzp7yRzWPPCPqhhwcTWtSbLQS9XZMKNq9WmBLVujsY7Aw5s4i6MBONS-1kYNy2whOszPzmEFRLRi15T8wWNE0eWiaeFs0TJgNhYP9sUnbQaUcdL9__McZQ" style="width:624.00px;height:214.67px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Whitaker “David” Chambers, Alger Hiss, and R. P. Harriss</span><sup style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#m__ftnt1" id="m_ftnt_ref1" rel="noreferrer">[1]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"></span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">My wife and I had come to love Baltimore above all cities. We were at home in it, finding in its kindly people and their quiet lives a tranquillity contrasting with our distress. We loved the physical city, its old brick houses in whose grave and fine proportions, we sensed the proportions of a soul as well as an architecture. We loved its moods of morning and of evening light, its long gardens, sometimes brick-walled, its gas-lit streets at night. We loved the touch of the continuing past and the present sense that, while the city's commerce tapped the mainland, its harbor looked seaward. And under its traditional and easy order, we sensed a sultriness that spiked it with a special character, of people as well as of climate, and saved it from monotony--a sultriness that stirred the city and its people less in the dog days than in the bursts of hot spring nights. There was thus a proprietary of the spirit in our choice that went beyond any practical reason, and determined us to make in this gracious and loved city our stand against death and for life. …-</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:700"> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Whittaker Chambers, </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Witness</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">, p. 60.</span><sup style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#m__ftnt2" id="m_ftnt_ref2" rel="noreferrer">[2]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><hr style="page-break-before:always;display:none"><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">No matter how much evidence remains for the study of history, it takes considerable imagination to reconstruct the past into a convincing narrative.</span><sup style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#m__ftnt3" id="m_ftnt_ref3" rel="noreferrer">[3]</a></sup><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> Sometimes the records are so extensive that perspective and detachment are nearly impossible. Was Alger Hiss (1904 – 1996), Baltimore born , Johns Hopkins educated, and State Department employee, a spy for the Russians? Was Whittaker Chambers (1901 – 1961), playwright, translator, self-confessed spy, ex-Communist, esteemed editor at </span><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Time Magazine</span><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">, and Baltimore resident, a reliable </span><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Witness</span><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> to proving Alger Hiss was a spy?</span><sup style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#m__ftnt4" id="m_ftnt_ref4" rel="noreferrer">[4]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:221.33px"><img alt="" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/V6vWz0NfnH3xE1aATizm6kPs_g8jVU4rVRM-dwfsdvNxihMyXyMwty96ZbDXHzgHFDHV52ARpFogYSRX-YuNbKoLR5VnZagmOJcL1qjcPQFj91p76bwSRmSR1WHFyV_Asu4jRKWPJcfnYqUeog" style="width:624.00px;height:221.33px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:470.50px;height:423.00px"><img alt="" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/4ToVx2It3zKEFgmUQvhecbKTRCWF-ewgVg6VsMFltPtLuh5BwoVKEP1wISN8285UVMPy_au3m_LhXKOm6nQLOVYJCwNrxiTfa3S0Mxh-tZ7S3sKrnDVdZiz74q-il0PTQkCV-Cui7eFLYrxd5w" style="width:470.50px;height:423.00px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">April 26, 1945: </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:700"> </span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Alger Hiss, Secretary General of the San Francisco Conference </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">on creating a United Nations,</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> with U. S. Secretary of State Stettinius at the podium. </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Source:</span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://dam.media.un.org/CS.aspx?VP3%253DDamView%2526VBID%253D2AM94SCLVHL0%2526SMLS%253D1%2526RW%253D1920%2526RH%253D937%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1654718034039059%26usg%3DAOvVaw22w07Ix-Vx7GFOLgy51Myr&source=gmail-html&ust=1654800992041000&usg=AOvVaw2i6RkfL9EDTB2Jf9xpi6g7" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"> </a></span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://dam.media.un.org/CS.aspx?VP3%253DDamView%2526VBID%253D2AM94SCLVHL0%2526SMLS%253D1%2526RW%253D1920%2526RH%253D937%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1654718034039592%26usg%3DAOvVaw0cfbSNkeMEoqRUvJFDmwIG&source=gmail-html&ust=1654800992042000&usg=AOvVaw3E8f-qWzOlQWWqOBOjvhob" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">UN Photo/Rosenberg</a></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Alger Hiss, who rose high in the State Department and was largely responsible for organizing the San Francisco conference that led to the creation of the United Nations, went to prison in 1950 convicted of perjury (not spying) on the testimony and documents supplied by Whittaker Chambers. He denied Chambers’s charges to the day he died, November 15, 1996, at the age of 92.</span><sup style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#m__ftnt5" id="m_ftnt_ref5" rel="noreferrer">[5]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:401.33px"><img alt="" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/90XW1juvTxyKCtRXanmf0u7Glfpo4VUDuacX6lYgTBEaz19WoE_hmTosbJTQh9l2Vvoj_6tXYtcKuF0q9QJih7Jhk9_Vj1RRd_6C3c5_YyIYysQw_MQR-MjInmD9Po9IcxLRO08F59bqGAYUAA" style="width:624.00px;height:401.33px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">The first perjury trial ended in a hung jury with four jurors voting to acquit. The second trial sent Hiss to Lewisburg prison for five years.</span><sup style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#m__ftnt6" id="m_ftnt_ref6" rel="noreferrer">[6]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Was Alger Hiss guilty of treason or collaboration with Russia? The question remains a matter of extended debate fueled by web sites devoted to the lives of both Alger Hiss and Whittaker Chambers.</span><sup style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#m__ftnt7" id="m_ftnt_ref7" rel="noreferrer">[7]</a></sup><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> A plausible theory is that the book </span><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Witness</span><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> by Whitaker Chambers is </span><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">the</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> “Great American Novel,” one of the best examples of American historical fiction conceived and begun in Baltimore.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Sifting through the mountain of evidence and the many books that have been written about Alger Hiss’s guilt or innocence is a formidable task, but one thing is certain, much of the testimony and all of the evidence produced by Whittaker Chambers about Hiss, centers on Baltimore where Chambers and his family, often under a number of aliases, lived in typical middle class housing (largely rental) from 1934 until 1939.</span><sup style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#m__ftnt8" id="m_ftnt_ref8" rel="noreferrer">[8]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> From the standpoint of the Hiss case, the most important of those years was 1938 when the Chambers family lived openly at 2610 St. Paul Street.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:272.00px"><img alt="" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/G6qWyPkeY1Z5ZxIIy06x8nTzMwB4ep7MbR6N22F5NsyUMhlTTchqxg8lSM2GVPbPMXPnl1qESmGA8O8QVbYTGtMM6l9Ei3qaVSCmy3FHHsprdNI790eO4yBudpvDPcLVBbdL4-QSLpP6vSip_w" style="width:624.00px;height:272.00px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:700">2610 Saint Paul St</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">, Baltimore, MD 21218 </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">a single family home built about 1847. This property was sold for $250,000 in 2019 </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">and in 2021 had an estimated value of $298,000, 20.53% less than </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">the median listing price in Charles Village.</span><sup style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#m__ftnt9" id="m_ftnt_ref9" rel="noreferrer">[9]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1938 was a pivotal year for Whittaker Chambers and his family. By his own testimony early that year and the evidence presented at trial, he decided to leave the Communist Party and join the ranks of the bourgeoisie. In February he was furloughed from his government job in Washington as an editor with the Works Progress Administration, National Research Project, and found it necessary to seek a permanent job. </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:186.67px"><img alt="" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/sWcvV32e8_E6zDAjVmf6-lFvUBq86yjn2maXOXGWFYqVGYZVRGemYCVk6n5LzvnIfUB6A55IgIhanJii9-GG7tyOObco20LwbWwzNFsYackbxzfHWrFiYkgpSBQiu4Oh04X3m9JMMdevqWUC0w" style="width:624.00px;height:186.67px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">a sample of the composition, editorial, and translation work by Whittaker Chambers to 1940</span><sup style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#m__ftnt10" id="m_ftnt_ref10" rel="noreferrer">[10]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">For several years Chambers had been engaged as an on again, off again editor of left wing journals and newspapers, as well as a respected translator of several books, and in 1938-39 he was under contract with Oxford University press and its affiliate, Longmans, Green and Co., as a translator. That supplied a modest income.</span><sup style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#m__ftnt11" id="m_ftnt_ref11" rel="noreferrer">[11]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:444.00px"><img alt="" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/qO3xyZooGt6ydglkSQ7_O0guhpMVh8Rs4PUelWpJpGUceGm1FtBZdv3RVaQ69_sc_bD6vpdXlH3JWMbJlslcHytRN65rvV9g5XddKvFVWeJiUhQ-v3oONYB8hYY-yqumWydyXmal8vwAXaorbQ" style="width:624.00px;height:444.00px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Residents of 2124 Mt. Royal Terrace, 1924 and 1937/38</span><sup style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#m__ftnt12" id="m_ftnt_ref12" rel="noreferrer">[12]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">The uncertainty of his financial affairs did not deter him and Esther from leaving rented apartments at 2124 Mount Royal Terrace where another famous spy, Virginia Hall, had once lived, to buying a house at 2610 St. Paul Street in June of 1938 as “David” and Esther Chambers.</span><sup style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#m__ftnt13" id="m_ftnt_ref13" rel="noreferrer">[13]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:504.00px"><img alt="" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/gLn8DW3oE2gFrIAxniiEEcU8mugbP6KTpezDCAMXg79x112LI-2iAGe2sc_lE5jYXYyKfOIeTEY56cy6QScb9AM-qPnNdpKfv8Q34LH48A9IWYork2CwKjWV2fYWFrpWSsk8k8Ul2brnxJVf6Q" style="width:624.00px;height:504.00px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">The new home at 2610 St. Paul Street, provided a city residence to complement the farm in Carroll County on which they had placed a down payment the previous year.</span><sup style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#m__ftnt14" id="m_ftnt_ref14" rel="noreferrer">[14]</a></sup><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> Where the financial resources came from to buy those two properties is a matter of debate, but it was in part made possible because the Chambers established their credit to borrow and to buy on time in Baltimore by convincing the Baltimore Credit Bureau that Whittaker was Jay Lea Chambers, a well-paid U. S. Treasury official.</span><sup style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#m__ftnt15" id="m_ftnt_ref15" rel="noreferrer">[15]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">If his biographer is correct, Chambers acquired the last batch of secret government documents and microfilm from his sources in Washington in April 1938, as a security blanket intended to prove Alger Hiss was a spy, all of which he said he secreted in New York City in late 1938 or early 1939 for “insurance” purposes in case he was called to account for his espionage past and to name names of government officials who were fellow travelers or outright Communists.</span><sup style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#m__ftnt16" id="m_ftnt_ref16" rel="noreferrer">[16]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">After losing his federal job in February 1938 because of the downsizing of his section, and a short vacation in Florida, Chambers returned to his new home at 2610 St. Paul Street with translation as his primary source of income while he looked for full time employment.</span><sup style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#m__ftnt17" id="m_ftnt_ref17" rel="noreferrer">[17]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">During his and Esther’s ownership of 2610 St. Paul Street (June-1938-June 1939), it is clear “David” Chambers was hard at work translating, but what else may he have been doing, apart from job hunting in New York? In late 1938, he landed a steady well-paying job with Henry Luce as an editor at </span><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Time Magazine</span><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> The documents and microfilm stashed in New York were forgotten, and the family’s financial future looked bright.</span><sup style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#m__ftnt18" id="m_ftnt_ref18" rel="noreferrer">[18]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Ten years later that peaceful world would fall apart and Chambers would be called upon to explain his communist ties and his suppliers of secret government documents. Before the House Un-American Activities Committee he would testify that Alger Hiss had been a communist who he had known well, and who was a spy, ultimately producing as evidence what became known as the </span><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Pumpkin Papers </span><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> and</span><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> </span><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Baltimore Documents</span><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">. They included typescripts of classified government documents and microfilm of originals. None of the material, typed or copied, appeared to be dated later than April of 1938. Who typed the copies and when were they typed?</span><sup style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#m__ftnt19" id="m_ftnt_ref19" rel="noreferrer">[19]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:350.67px"><img alt="" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/X3yeku6XDwoWx0oFYbp9FqqA92_SqrMkmhiln3Z2HtZqbsan9utO8kUX0qfxmJ9tO8i51ylSVkuYbd9ev04rP5kq74ie6zIeNSYXB6hAGjWU48U7DONf_hRC6j-EGMN8g8x9VaqULYch0SWUqw" style="width:624.00px;height:350.67px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">H.L. Mencken(1880-1956) and his fellow journalist, </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Robert Preston Harriss(1902-1989) </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">a 1949 photograph taken by photographer John T. “Jack” Engeman at Mencken’s home. </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Jack Engeman, Slide Collection – slide_engeman-00, MdHS.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> R.P. Harriss began his career as Mencken’s assistant in the 1920s and </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">for the next six decades pursued a career in journalism with the </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Baltimore Sun</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">, The Paris </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Herald Tribune</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">, the </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Evening Sun</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">, and the </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Baltimore American</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">. </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">The answer possibly lies within the year the Chambers family lived at 2610 St. Paul Street, the modest 19th century house in Charles Village, Baltimore. The general public’s attention was first drawn to this connection with Chambers by Robert P. Harriss, a reporter for the</span><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> Baltimore American</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> in a “Man About Town” column he wrote on the death of Whittaker Chambers in 1961.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:416.50px;height:592.04px"><img alt="" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/n_9_ItcjM0j909oFSCOfLLZb54N_uXUk8WzIsnbd_aRsZ3_dmHSZENHBZPI9uJqToJfmjyYxRbDgmkPdOIV5RmXVo2EpkQ46OtgmrjZq0gYNo3fRkMNmCVZiyQAcXsKMUfNGpjaqXt56IB1tCw" style="width:416.50px;height:592.04px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Clipping from the </span><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Baltimore American</span><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">, July 12, 1961</span><sup style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#m__ftnt20" id="m_ftnt_ref20" rel="noreferrer">[20]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">In 1948, when Chambers went public with his accusations against Hiss at the House Un-American Activities Committee, Harriss and his wife were sitting in the back garden of 2610 St. Paul Street. She was reading the newspaper account when she exclaimed “Why, he was hiding right here in our home!”</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">They looked back to when they were first shown the house by Esther Chambers (they dealt directly with her and never saw Chambers). They especially remembered the basement where they had noticed </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">a cubicle enclosed with heavy timbers--a sort of stockade, really--containing a chair, a small table and a typewriter under a droplight. Noting my questioning look, Mrs. Chambers said: “My Husband does his writing down here. He prefers to work down here.”</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">By 1961 when Harriss first wrote about his encounter with Mrs. Chambers and purchasing her home, there had been a great deal written about the typewriter on which some of the incriminating evidence presented about Hiss’s spying allegedly had been copied. Some scholars argue that the typist was Priscilla Hiss, thus incriminating her husband Alger. Others, including an FBI expert, dismiss the Woodstock typewriter that was introduced into evidence at Hiss’s trial as not the machine on which the purloined documents were typed.</span><hr style="page-break-before:always;display:none"></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:481.33px"><img alt="" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/FURPmi5LKB8DOz8hxanDJbVZWjufsqNcN2letBqJgTIiBBbr_vqbdOsM8iNPmKjJvwm64ofFzGPyzvYO6mUbxz59YO6yvjLaj4NBADYR4CJecfiVgIKs47FFcgRQRODdfbmJyHkmiQO9ZQ9kUg" style="width:624.00px;height:481.33px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Was the typewriter Harriss and his wife claimed to have seen in the basement of 2610 St. Paul, the typewriter on which the Baltimore Papers produced by Chambers were typed?</span><sup style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#m__ftnt21" id="m_ftnt_ref21" rel="noreferrer">[21]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> Could that basement have been where Whittaker Chambers began to concoct and write down for future disclosure his attack on Hiss’s credibility? </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">The year the Chambers lived there (1938-1939) was certainly a turning point in Whittaker Chambers’s life. Henry Luce hired him as an editor for </span><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Time Magazine</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> and he commenced full employment with a good salary based upon his editorial and translation skills. Had he already realized that he needed a water-tight story of his departure from the Party, and had accumulated ‘evidence’ of nefarious activity within the State Department as an insurance policy, typing the transcripts himself? What did, if anything, transpire in the basement of 2610 St. Paul Street?</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Until the investigators for Hiss began digging deep into the life of Whittaker Chambers in the late 1940s, there was no proof that Chambers or his wife had ever owned 2610 St. Paul Street. The official land records of the day record no sale to the Chambers or from the Chambers to Harriss. The official record of the sale in June of 1939 was from Henry Momberger to Robert P. Harris.</span><sup style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#m__ftnt22" id="m_ftnt_ref22" rel="noreferrer">[22]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Henry Momberger had owned 2610 St. Paul Street since 1930 when he purchased it from Mabel K. Smith who had lived there since at least 1918 until her husband passed away on June 8, 1930.</span><sup style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#m__ftnt23" id="m_ftnt_ref23" rel="noreferrer">[23]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> In 1938 Momberger and the Chambers’s signed an off the record contract for the sale of the house.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:454.28px;height:741.50px"><img alt="" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/YTgWQx4y7fuFDm6W3sgrE5BvBk6yZLFDoWYGVxVRCapmUaIn_DTLniZW4yb8_stUuglMtr80AWfPuh9t9QEQa2Q1NA_EsFV6-PQRNLJGJ_7OoExKUKKKd-_jH_ua0gFcxqrarSDdrWVU3QQhzQ" style="width:454.28px;height:741.50px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Chambers’s Contract to purchase 2610 St. Paul Street</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">In searching for ownership of housing in Baltimore unrecorded contracts of sale get in the way of knowing who actually occupied the premises at a given point in time. Such contracts included a down payment, modifications to the house and grounds required by the buyer, and periodic payments with interest until the full purchase price was paid. At that point the official deed would be recorded among the land records of the city, and not before. </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">On the 11th Day of June, 1938, Esther and David Chambers signed an unrecorded </span><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Standard Contract of Sale</span><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> with Henry Momberger to buy 2610 St. Paul with the agreement by Momberger to build a one car brick garage at the rear of the lot, create a clothes closet in a passageway adjoining the bathroom, repair the broken shutters and replace broken window panes. </span><sup style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#m__ftnt24" id="m_ftnt_ref24" rel="noreferrer">[24]</a></sup><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> </span><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">The Chambers paid $200 down on a sale price of $2950 and agreed to conditions of paying the remainder plus interest that may have included an additional payment of $1,000 borrowed from Chambers mother Laha. Not until the Hiss investigators obtained the contract in October of 1948 was the proof obtained that the Chambers had agreed to buy the house. By October 1948 the contract with the Chambers had been transferred to the Harrisses with the sale recorded in the land records of the city as having occurred on the 29th day of June, 1939.</span><sup style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#m__ftnt25" id="m_ftnt_ref25" rel="noreferrer">[25]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">June 1938 to June 1939 was a busy year for the Chambers who at last had the prospect of a steady income other than Esther’s possible salary at Park School. There she was an assistant to the art teacher, a job that she began while they were living in an apartment on Auchentoroly Terrace across from Druid Hill Park, near to the site of the first location of Park School. </span><sup style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#m__ftnt26" id="m_ftnt_ref26" rel="noreferrer">[26]</a></sup><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> From the Auchentoroly apartment they had moved to the apartment in Mount Royal Terrace which by coincidence proved to have more than one association with spies.</span><sup style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#m__ftnt27" id="m_ftnt_ref27" rel="noreferrer">[27]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:186.67px"><img alt="" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/SYameshl2fwsJFUBZqDMatLQl9RSs_WvGUDKmwWsS0x4GmNCVAmnUEmGpeDTD1ZHm86-6VjpmtR0EwfbQCCGtp6xVlNe_mQ7THIqJCB7SM3OQzR3vhDe0NAt0ydulv1_evIIGMg_lBvRBeuubQ" style="width:624.00px;height:186.67px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Robert Stripling, counsel to the House of Representatives Un-American Activities Committee, and Richard Nixon, 37th President of the United States, examining microfilm </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">stashed in one of Whittaker Chambers’s pumpkins and </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Richard Nixon holding a newspaper announcing the conviction of Alger Hiss for perjury</span><sup style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#m__ftnt28" id="m_ftnt_ref28" rel="noreferrer">[28]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">In June of 1938 the Chambers moved from their apartment on Mt. Royal Terrace to their new home at 2610 St. Paul Street. A year later, after the sale to the Harrisses, the Chambers moved permanently from St. Paul Street to a farm in Carroll County, the scene of the microfilm in the pumpkin patch in 1948 which Richard Nixon so effectively used to launch his efforts to win the Presidency. Once again, there is no official record of initiating the purchase of the Carroll County property until 1940 when the Chambers had sufficient funds to complete the sale, a sale that had begun, not with the Chambers, but with an interest in the farm expressed by Priscilla Hiss in 1936.</span><sup style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#m__ftnt29" id="m_ftnt_ref29" rel="noreferrer">[29]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">The Baltimore Papers, or Pumpkin Papers as they collectively were called, broke the Hiss case wide open. They consisted of documents covering the period from December 1937 until April 1938, including handwritten notes in Hiss’s hand from a cable sent from Moscow on January 28, 1938. The remainder were typescripts of documents allegedly produced on a Woodstock typewriter by Priscilla Hiss for Whitaker Chambers before April 1938, when Chambers deposed that he had broken with the Communist Party, typescripts that he said he stashed away instead of delivering them to his Communist contact in 1938, in case he ever needed them to prove his break with the Communist Party and identify those with whom he collaborated, specifically the Hisses. Chambers did not at first disclose the microfilm seen in the classic photograph of Richard Nixon and HUAC Counsel Robert Stripling, That would come later in the Pumpkin patch at the Carroll County farm.</span><sup style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#m__ftnt30" id="m_ftnt_ref30" rel="noreferrer">[30]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:214.67px"><img alt="" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/jkOH-j45gUiijSJX21u2fb79yS0EKM20gYP3Z5JkLXFDkl1i0VNvRRuLybd8zNrJjpPnsVQeHJ9VeB8WwzOQjkiIoSzGw6i0eepYmFwAjATLeGhFfCRwP7uj__zc7LkO5j7Y8ztPIRpjrl8jtg" style="width:624.00px;height:214.67px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Of great interest were the typescripts which were of confidential or allegedly secret State Department documents. Who had typed them and what typewriter had been used? Did they indeed implicate Priscilla and Alger Hiss, or were they typed at 2610 St. Paul Street by Chambers, part of an elaborate scheme on his part to use Hiss as a means of ensuring his reputation as a fearless foe of Communism and as fodder for one of the finest pieces of fiction ever written by an American? As John P. Marquand pointed out in the blurb he authored for </span><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Witness</span><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> as a Book-of-The-Month-Club selection in 1952, “No psychological novel can exceed it in interest. No study of conflicting character under stress could go deeper with Chambers, or be more puzzling than with Hiss. The book was not written as literature, but literature it is, of a high order.”</span><sup style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#m__ftnt31" id="m_ftnt_ref31" rel="noreferrer">[31]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> Did the writing of what may have been a psychological novel of its own take shape in the cellar of 2610 St. Paul? Like R. P. Harriss, we are left to our imagination with regard to what may or may not have transpired there. </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">In attempting to untangle and explain the legend of Daedalus and Icarus, Antonis Chaliakopoulos concludes with a painting </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;font-size:11.5pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.fine-arts-museum.be/nl/de-collectie/pieter-i-bruegel-de-val-van-icarus?artist%253Dbruegel-brueghel-pieter-i-1%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1654718034053206%26usg%3DAOvVaw17n9RPSYViKTjE8R5p2TAe&source=gmail-html&ust=1654800992042000&usg=AOvVaw3FQyQ11hgrAKpb3EaZSl5D" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Landscape with the fall of Icarus</a></span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:11.5pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#1155cc;font-weight:400"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.fine-arts-museum.be/nl/de-collectie/pieter-i-bruegel-de-val-van-icarus?artist%253Dbruegel-brueghel-pieter-i-1%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1654718034053740%26usg%3DAOvVaw0rDwM_1C-UEESIpcqP0Wx2&source=gmail-html&ust=1654800992042000&usg=AOvVaw1-2SEDdV_cuMrLiJ16cevi" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">, after Pieter Brueghel the Elder</a></span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#6c757d;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11.5pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">, 1558, Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium. </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:398.67px"><img alt="" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/LZa7meeM5SNInB-jUmlK3Zcl4VncUz1XnSELkJnuFMM6_eDs5UWD7cf9rQfDyLnUEZOUOBQXXTEEm1Nmn6-BN5vyrQtc-ERPbm6Que-2YkdSOLyFosUZSgAjDS4lO1zsdKmJ7LBpUaaz8i8aGA" style="width:624.00px;height:398.67px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">I see something different in the painting than he does</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#1a202c;font-weight:400;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">.</span><sup style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#1a202c;font-weight:400;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="#m__ftnt32" id="m_ftnt_ref32" rel="noreferrer">[32]</a></sup><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> I see an individual in the lower right about to jump in the water to save Icarus. To me it is the role of the historian to examine the surviving evidence as best we can and where necessary attempt to salvage the present from drowning in the mistakes of the past, whether it be McCarthyism, the Military Industrial Complex, or, perhaps, a misinterpretation of the Second Amendment. By all means, r</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">ead what is written by others, but avoid adopting the extremes of any one historian, seeking truth through civility, moderation of rhetoric, compassion, and a personal assessment of all the known facts in advance of judgment. You might be surprised at what you find. </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p></div><hr style="width:33%;height:1px"><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref1" id="m_ftnt1" rel="noreferrer">[1]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Until he became an editor at </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Time Magazine</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> in 1939, Whittaker Chambers assumed many aliases including calling himself David. See: </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://whittakerchambers.org/about/aliases/%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1654718034061458%26usg%3DAOvVaw3jIT0iw7QUE0um_j20tICg&source=gmail-html&ust=1654800992042000&usg=AOvVaw0gOEG_KNS8CmJ1baPbSgSe" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://whittakerchambers.org/<wbr>about/aliases/</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">. </span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref2" id="m_ftnt2" rel="noreferrer">[2]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">For examples of the extensive investigations of the lives of Alger Hiss and Whittaker Chambers, see the writings of Alistair Cooke, </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">A Generation on Trial: U.S.A. Vs. Alger Hiss</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">. New York: Knopf, 1950, Allan Weinstein, </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Perjury: The Hiss-Chambers Case</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">. New York: Random House, 1997, Samuel Tanenhaus, </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Whittaker Chambers: A Biography</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">. New York: Random House, 1997, and most recently, Joan Brady, </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Alger Hiss: Framed: A New Look at the Case That Made Nixon Famous</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">, 2017. </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"></span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref3" id="m_ftnt3" rel="noreferrer">[3]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">See Schama, Simon. </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Dead Certainties (Unwarranted Speculations).</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> Vintage, 1992, for a discussion of the uncertainties of writing history, and Spence, Jonathan D. </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">The Question of Hu</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">. New York: Vintage Books, 1989, as a prime example of the role of imagination in writing history.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref4" id="m_ftnt4" rel="noreferrer">[4]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Is it possible that Chambers created, out of whole cloth, a brilliant , completely fabricated story of Hiss’s guilt as a spy which caused Hiss to lose his job and go to prison? Hiss’s son Tony in </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Laughing Last,</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> and stepson Timothy Hobson at a conference on Hiss and Chambers in 2007, defended Hiss. According to a CBS news report</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Timothy Hobson, Hiss' stepson, said Whittaker Chambers, whose bombshell allegations against Hiss broke the case open, had lied about his personal relationship with Hiss and had never visited the Hiss home as he claimed. Hobson, 80, said that during the time Chambers claimed to have visited the home, he was recuperating from a broken leg and met every person who came calling. Chambers was a former American communist party member who spied for the Soviets during the 1930s. He defected before World War II and accused others of being spies, but his claims did not attract FBI interest until after the war. He joined Time magazine in 1939 and as a writer and editor was a severe critic of communism. He died in 1961. "It is my conviction that he was in love with Alger Hiss, that he was rejected by Alger Hiss and he took that rejection in a vindictive way," Hobson said. </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.cbsnews.com/news/author-hiss-innocent-of-espionage/%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1654718034058539%26usg%3DAOvVaw21f-hz5-e_RWL4kcRU2eBW&source=gmail-html&ust=1654800992042000&usg=AOvVaw3Gq6h2yvLpmHt7VV4U7t0k" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://www.cbsnews.com/news/<wbr>author-hiss-innocent-of-<wbr>espionage/</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"> </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Joan Brady,</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> Alger Hiss: Framed: A New Look at the Case That Made Nixon Famous,</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> 2017, believes Chambers concocted the evidence and Meyer A. Zeligs. </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Friendship and Fratricide. An Analysis of Whittaker Chambers and Alger Hiss.</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> London: Deutsch, 1967, lends credence to the theory of Chambers as the rejected lover. </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Perhaps the key to positing whether or not Chambers actually concocted his damning narrative of his and Esther’s relationship with Alger and Priscilla Hiss are two individuals who play minor roles in Alan Weinstein’s </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Perjury </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">(1978 and none at all in Tanenhaus’s </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Chambers</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> (1997), Baltimore reporter Beverly Smith and Baltimore Pediatrician Dr. Margaret Nicholson. Dr. Nicholson knew Esther and Ellen Chambers at the same time she treated Timmy Hobson, son of Priscilla Hobson Hiss. With imagination, it is possible to construct a narrative of the Chambers befriending the Hisses as early as 1934 when the Chambers first arrive in Baltimore to live in a rented apartment at 903 St. Paul Street (see Appendix). Hiss testifies that at that time Chambers passed himself off as George Crosley (although the Chambers called themselves the Cantwells at 903 St. Paul) who hoped to sell his stories of the New Deal to the </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">American Magazine</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">, where Beverly Smith had published a flattering account of Hiss’s arrival in Washington in February of 1934 (Perjury, 46, 134). It is not difficult, given Chambers’s literary career and association with the Communist Party at that point, to believe that his party role was to cultivate an association with Hiss and to gather information about him. In this Esther played a prominent role in also befriending Priscilla Hobson Hiss whose socialist tendencies have been thoroughly documented. As the Chambers became less enamored with the Party and moved from apartment dwellers to bourgeois home and property owners in 1938 (see Appendix), they also created an insurance policy of documentation that would establish beyond a shadow of a doubt that they not only had left the party but that they were willing to document that their New Deal associates were Communists or Communist sympathizers, if they should ever have to. In 1948-1949 when the witch hunt for Communists in Roosevelt's New Deal intensified, they were called upon to do so. </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"></span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref5" id="m_ftnt5" rel="noreferrer">[5]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">For the continuing interest in the Alger Hiss story see “The life and fate of Alger Hiss remains a hot topic among readers” By Frederick N. Rasmussen, Baltimore Sun, June 25, 2011, </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.baltimoresun.com/maryland/bs-md-backstory26-20110624-story.html%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1654718034060426%26usg%3DAOvVaw2k9D5rxyUb0Gwomq8VNeIz&source=gmail-html&ust=1654800992042000&usg=AOvVaw3i_4CT8oCq_C3zO6dKZb7k" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://www.baltimoresun.com/<wbr>maryland/bs-md-backstory26-<wbr>20110624-story.html</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref6" id="m_ftnt6" rel="noreferrer">[6]</a><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v%253DfIzofY-R5To%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1654718034070239%26usg%3DAOvVaw3DfCkuEvLcB7Zu9YZOVc7s&source=gmail-html&ust=1654800992042000&usg=AOvVaw3751Z81QZd2SV-XsvrCAWq" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://www.youtube.com/<wbr>watch?v=fIzofY-R5To</a></span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">. Hiss’s years in prison are recounted by his son Tony Hiss in </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">The View from Alger's Window: A Son's Memoir</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">. New York: Knopf, 1999, which is based on Hiss’s letters from prison. See also: </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://youtu.be/x1scESxNQPE%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1654718034070716%26usg%3DAOvVaw2rmClZ6xR6CvQ8_ANq7OC7&source=gmail-html&ust=1654800992042000&usg=AOvVaw2qmwVxoVeo4ql3BTnh710O" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://youtu.be/x1scESxNQPE</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">. </span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref7" id="m_ftnt7" rel="noreferrer">[7]</a><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://algerhiss.com/%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1654718034055604%26usg%3DAOvVaw3GiJ64YGY8435q245p4hET&source=gmail-html&ust=1654800992042000&usg=AOvVaw2igciFsZlqM69BtywvsoDu" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://algerhiss.com/</a></span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> and </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://whittakerchambers.org/about/%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1654718034056028%26usg%3DAOvVaw1kVwmy2Gv95iPVauzlw2gv&source=gmail-html&ust=1654800992042000&usg=AOvVaw1wltJzVMtCUDSucL4Qio57" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://whittakerchambers.org/<wbr>about/</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref8" id="m_ftnt8" rel="noreferrer">[8]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">See note 4 above for an alternate interpretive theory of the Chambers/Hiss story and the appendix for the Baltimore addresses of the Chambers family. The residences of the Chambers family in Baltimore provide insight into the rental architecture of Baltimore and its ownership in that period and tangentially to the life of one of the best known brickwork contractors of his time, Charles E. Jackson (1880-1944) who earned a craftsmanship award for his many Baltimore Office buildings, schools, Guilford homes, and the entrance to the Municipal Stadium on 33rd Street. Between October 1935 and the Spring of 1936, Whittaker and Esther Chambers rented apartment ‘C’ from Charles E. Jackson’s wife, Alma May Jackson (d. 1974) who owned the “Blenheim” apartment building at 1617 Eutaw Place. The building, since demolished, was not constructed by Jackson and had its origins in the 1850s. See: SCL 5122/208, Baltimore City Land Records and a title search for the apartment house. Chambers may have attended a game in Municipal Stadium, although there is no evidence that he did so. It is clear from the residential pattern of the Chambers family that in 1938 they moved from being unconcerned about owning housing to entering the bourgeoisie with the purchase of 2610 St. Paul Street and the farm in Carroll County. </span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref9" id="m_ftnt9" rel="noreferrer">[9]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.realtor.com/realestateandhomes-detail/2610-Saint-Paul-St_Baltimore_MD_21218_M58004-09811%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1654718034064834%26usg%3DAOvVaw1OBS0TKzWqJgKoM4FV4T26&source=gmail-html&ust=1654800992042000&usg=AOvVaw2gLDzW-yR-z0lnbSWUeQfm" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://www.realtor.com/<wbr>realestateandhomes-detail/<wbr>2610-Saint-Paul-St_Baltimore_<wbr>MD_21218_M58004-09811</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">. This reference has the wrong date of construction which is corrected in the caption. The State Department of Assessment and taxation also has the wrong date of construction. According to R. P. Harris who owned the house from 1939 until 1953, the house was constructed in 1847 when it was in Baltimore County.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref10" id="m_ftnt10" rel="noreferrer">[10]</a><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> Chambers’s </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Play for Puppets</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> which was decidedly anti-Christian led to his ouster from Columbia University, </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Bambi </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">was his most famous and enduring translation. He was briefly an editor at the Communist “New Masses” and co-translated and edited </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">The Great Crusade</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> by an Anti-Stalinist Communist, Gustav Regler during his residence at 2610 St. Paul Street.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref11" id="m_ftnt11" rel="noreferrer">[11]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Tanenhaus, </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Whittaker Chambers</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">, p. 144. </span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref12" id="m_ftnt12" rel="noreferrer">[12]</a><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> sources for composite: Google Maps, 2021/09/08; </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.baltimoresun.com/maryland/baltimore-county/bs-md-co-virginia-hall-marker-20180404-story.html%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1654718034067869%26usg%3DAOvVaw1S2Nc96pPcvQR6H8yZczZj&source=gmail-html&ust=1654800992042000&usg=AOvVaw2CBBjheGVjje4yzjEKs7so" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://www.baltimoresun.com/<wbr>maryland/baltimore-county/bs-<wbr>md-co-virginia-hall-marker-<wbr>20180404-story.html</a></span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">; </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://archives.dickinson.edu/image-archive/esther-francis-chambers-1932%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1654718034068353%26usg%3DAOvVaw1_T4e1Sy5Bono0thD7fqEG&source=gmail-html&ust=1654800992042000&usg=AOvVaw1zicN6wpGwG1KjhZ2_jcX4" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://archives.dickinson.<wbr>edu/image-archive/esther-<wbr>francis-chambers-1932</a></span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">, Virginia Hall yearbook image, Yearbook page from 1924 Roland Park Country School for Virginia Hall. (Courtesy Roland Park Country School). Image of Whittaker Chambers from </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/a-byte-out-of-history-the-alger-hiss-story%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1654718034068739%26usg%3DAOvVaw1IDCntN6WR2h9Sogjy7KWc&source=gmail-html&ust=1654800992043000&usg=AOvVaw1RDW73QNSeZzd4ZoKzVrtm" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://www.fbi.gov/news/<wbr>stories/a-byte-out-of-history-<wbr>the-alger-hiss-story</a></span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">. See: Sonia Purnell, </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">A Woman of No Importance: The Untold Story of the American Spy Who Helped Win World War II.</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> 2020. See also Jacques Kelly, “The Baltimore spy who beat the Nazis”, </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Balimore Sun</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">, January 11, 2020. He doesn't mention the Mount Royal Terrace connection with Whittaker Chambers.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref13" id="m_ftnt13" rel="noreferrer">[13]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">For Virginia Hall, see: Sonia Purnell, </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">A Woman of No Importance: The Untold Story of the American Spy Who Helped Win World War II</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">, </span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> 2019.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref14" id="m_ftnt14" rel="noreferrer">[14]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Weinstein, </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Perjury</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">, pp. 51-57.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref15" id="m_ftnt15" rel="noreferrer">[15]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">See Zeligs, </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Friendship and Fratricide</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">, pp. 251-252. When he worked for the WPA National Research Project (1936-1937) he also used the name “J. V. David Chambers”. Proof of that job using the name of the Treasury official would also have contributed to a solid credit rating in Baltimore. Tanenhaus, </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Whittaker Chambers</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">, ff. 125, 134.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref16" id="m_ftnt16" rel="noreferrer">[16]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Tanenhaus, </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Whittaker Chambers</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">, p. 136.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref17" id="m_ftnt17" rel="noreferrer">[17]</a><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"> for Chambers’s translation work in 1938, see Tanenhaus, f. 137 and footnote 4.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref18" id="m_ftnt18" rel="noreferrer">[18]</a><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Alan Weinstein, Sam Tanenhaus, and Meyer A. Zeligs, have thoroughly documented where Whitaker Chambers lived in Baltimore between 1934 and 1939, the years in which Chambers transitions from a Communist spy in the pay of Russia to a celebrated editor at </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Time Magazine.</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> Their conclusions are illustrated in the appendix which follows this essay. For a compilation of Whittaker Chambers’s employment prior to 1939 when he joined Time Magazine and moved permanently to Carroll County, see the appendix to Meyer A. Zeligs and Sam Tanenhaus’s biography. Chamber’s mastery of many languages held him in good stead as an editor. For a list of his published translations see: </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://archive.is/20130416034042/http://whittakerchambers.org/translations.html%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1654718034063369%26usg%3DAOvVaw1Dl038SDMM3rQXkUeJzVv7&source=gmail-html&ust=1654800992043000&usg=AOvVaw3Z3AG7f1Any-b1l_HZck2P" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://archive.is/<wbr>20130416034042/http://<wbr>whittakerchambers.org/<wbr>translations.html</a></span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">. In 1937-38 he was hard at work on translating the 323 pages of </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">The Story of the Red Cross </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">by Martin Gumpert</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">(New York: Oxford University Press, 1938) - from German (Dunant: </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Der Roman des Roten Kreuzes</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">), and in 1938-39 on Gustav Regler’s </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">The Great Crusade</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> about the Spanish Civil War.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref19" id="m_ftnt19" rel="noreferrer">[19]</a><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> See Weinstein, </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Perjury,</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> p. 179 for a list of contents.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref20" id="m_ftnt20" rel="noreferrer">[20]</a><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Baltimore American</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">, July 16, 1961, Pratt Library Vertical File. Jacques Kelly repeated Harriss’s story on the occasion of the publication of Sam Tanenhaus’s biography of Chambers (Baltimore Sun, 4/13/1997) without mentioning his former fellow reporter from the </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Baltimore American </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">who had died in 1989 (The </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Evening Sun</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">, September 27, 1989). By then Allan Weinstein had discovered the truth of Harriss’s assertion of buying 2610 St. Paul Street buried among the Hiss papers in Harvard Law School Special Collections.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref21" id="m_ftnt21" rel="noreferrer">[21]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://algerhiss.com/history/the-hiss-case-the-1940s/the-typewriter/the-serial-number-1978/%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1654718034071256%26usg%3DAOvVaw1rPpRIpO0d4UN5T2I1zLxY&source=gmail-html&ust=1654800992043000&usg=AOvVaw3hl9DtXcD7raGAcQkX1jiV" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://algerhiss.com/<wbr>history/the-hiss-case-the-<wbr>1940s/the-typewriter/the-<wbr>serial-number-1978/</a></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">. Intrigued by a Woodstock for sale in Annapolis while I was still Archivist of Maryland, I purchased it to find that it had a serial number close to the Woodstock entered into evidence in the Hiss case. The debate still rages on the web as to whether or not #230,099 was the typewriter on which the incriminating documents were typed. One expert deposed that it was definitely not, </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://algerhiss.com/history/the-hiss-case-the-1940s/the-typewriter/the-experts-evelyn-erdrich/%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1654718034071672%26usg%3DAOvVaw0gL9ZRwsrowCoq0mnGhkwr&source=gmail-html&ust=1654800992043000&usg=AOvVaw0d6JGF9NBvC_ImTx4luRlN" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://algerhiss.com/history/<wbr>the-hiss-case-the-1940s/the-<wbr>typewriter/the-experts-evelyn-<wbr>erdrich/</a></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> while another testified that it was. The source of the photograph of Priscilla Hiss and Timothy Hobson, ca. 1941: </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://algerhiss.com/media/gallery/%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1654718034072055%26usg%3DAOvVaw0d8kJjae_ZBlri-v24Gae5&source=gmail-html&ust=1654800992043000&usg=AOvVaw2gPeJKNerWsmq_W__zjmDa" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://algerhiss.com/media/<wbr>gallery/</a></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">. The author’s Woodstock was manufactured in 1929, serial number N251713. The typewriter entered into evidence in the Hiss perjury trial was serial N230099. See: <a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://typewriterdatabase.com/woodstock.58.typewriter-serial-number-database&source=gmail-html&ust=1654800992043000&usg=AOvVaw1TZ-aDuUkGxAnBrLWwa_oO" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://typewriterdatabase.<wbr>com/woodstock.58.typewriter-<wbr>serial-number-database</a>.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref22" id="m_ftnt22" rel="noreferrer">[22]</a><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> Baltimore City Land Records, MLP 5926 f. 273.</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"> </span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref23" id="m_ftnt23" rel="noreferrer">[23]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Allen L. Smith and Mabel K. his wife, lived at 2610 St. Paul in 1926 according to the Polk Baltimore City Directory of that year. See: Baltimore City Land Records, SCL 3205, f. 242</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal">.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"></span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref24" id="m_ftnt24" rel="noreferrer">[24]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">It is not clear where the original or copy of this contract are now stored. This image is from a reel of film simply labeled Harvard Law School Library (HLSL) number 4. To date the Library has not been able to identify where the original or copies are stored.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref25" id="m_ftnt25" rel="noreferrer">[25]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Tanenhaus, Whittaker Chambers, p. 138.</span><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">In 1939 Henry Momberger was listed as owing taxes on 2610 St. Paul Street. See Real Estate Assessments, Baltimore 1939, published by the Mayor and city Council of Baltimore and the Real Estate Board of Baltimore, Baltimore City Archives. </span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref26" id="m_ftnt26" rel="noreferrer">[26]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">For the time of the Chambers’s residence on Auchentoroly Terrace see the appendix. It is not known if anyone connected with Park School owned the Auchentoroly Terrace building where the Chambers’s lived from the Fall of 1936 until November of 1937 under the name of the Jay Chambers family. According to Zeligs, </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Friendship and Fratricide</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">, p. 252, Esther was an unpaid assistant on the staff in order to obtain a tuition waiver for her daughter and that she called herself the wife of “Jay Chambers, “Senior Administrative Officer, Treasury Department”. .</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref27" id="m_ftnt27" rel="noreferrer">[27]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">see note 11 above.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref28" id="m_ftnt28" rel="noreferrer">[28]</a><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">The image of Nixon with the newspaper is copyrighted by </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">American Heritage</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">, and is from an article by Fawn M. Brodie, </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">"I Think Hiss is Lying" The Launching of Richard Nixon</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">, August/September 1981, Vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 4-22.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref29" id="m_ftnt29" rel="noreferrer">[29]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Weinstein, </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Perjury</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">, pp. 53-57</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref30" id="m_ftnt30" rel="noreferrer">[30]</a><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">see Note 2 above for the best secondary sources discussing the Pumpkin and Baltimore Papers in the Hiss/Chambers controversy</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:italic">.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref31" id="m_ftnt31" rel="noreferrer">[31]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Blurb tucked into a copy of the first printing of </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Witness </span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">in author’s collection.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref32" id="m_ftnt32" rel="noreferrer">[32]</a><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> <a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.thecollector.com/daedalus-and-icarus/&source=gmail-html&ust=1654800992043000&usg=AOvVaw2uPPgr4IT5Lr7Q4AQDJ7bl" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://www.thecollector.<wbr>com/daedalus-and-icarus/</a></span></p></div></div></body></html>ecpcliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01498580508411177787noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1033015240460437200.post-56909747409326114382021-06-30T21:14:00.001-07:002022-03-22T19:40:57.168-07:00Where Johns Hopkins Lived in Baltimore City, 1813-1873<html><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><style></style></head><body><div style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:72pt 72pt 72pt 72pt;max-width:468pt"><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:16pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Johns Hopkins: Baltimore City Residences, 1813-1873</span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:437.33px"><img alt="" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/5pooULmd8_tk3WkkO1UoqQHS0rahRyStIMT4GfHn5W7UwMRcFollPJldAbfMRnLejpfwBTIhbKA03ZXURAbxF4R-XsGyvJcfGmxkBU-PyOI3_TTKXYVkCBV60wTdStAet85qM97m" style="width:624.00px;height:437.33px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:16pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center;padding-right:0"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:700">1851 annotated detail from Sidney & Neff, </span><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:700">Plan of the City of Baltimore</span><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:700">, </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:700;text-decoration:underline;font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://lccn.loc.gov/2004629026%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1648006649687033%26usg%3DAOvVaw1rWBtmFV8NKoj0sde0RP9R&source=gmail-html&ust=1648089588828000&usg=AOvVaw3SZnbWA4Y1zDbqsBYAAEDE" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://lccn.loc.gov/<wbr>2004629026</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">It is uncertain w</span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">hat </span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> year Johns Hopkins came to live with his Quaker Uncle, Gerard T. Hopkins to learn the grocery business. Some sources indicate he was seventeen which would bring him to Baltimore in 1812, two years before his father Samuel died. He was in Baltimore by September 17, 1813 when he was received into the Lombard Street Meeting, and that is more likely the year in which he arrived in Baltimore to stay, 12 months before the British attack on the City.</span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center;padding-right:0"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:417.50px;height:507.23px"><img alt="" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/5pAZloZ_TQXj1-5Vl7vPVQGjrAluq-xlFEQQae0bh8xuwl3FlR0uz5e359e2ieiWhgh63Sn9ZbqHjdjCXgcPk0D2fxXxkhQA-TsqVPB2lafXZnNUNd3n4_ekhjBOOepGkyRDRUGX" style="width:417.50px;height:507.23px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:center;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Swarthmore College, Minutes, 1794-1883, Baltimore Yearly Meeting Minutes, RG2/B/S361, 3.7</span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:center;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://exhibits.library.jhu.edu/omeka-s/s/johnshopkinsbiographicalarchive/item/2864%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1648006649687929%26usg%3DAOvVaw0Gx7Hai4Nz0It4jY2QdPcX&source=gmail-html&ust=1648089588828000&usg=AOvVaw3q25buVpvI1h9yG6U09tYH" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://exhibits.library.jhu.<wbr>edu/omeka-s/s/<wbr>johnshopkinsbiographicalarchiv<wbr>e/item/2864</a></span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""> </span><hr style="page-break-before:always;display:none"></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:15pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(1) 1813-1820</span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Pratt Street</span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="font-weight:700;font-family:"Georgia"">1813</span><span style="font-weight:700;font-family:"Georgia"">:</span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""> Johns Hopkins went to live with his uncle and aunt, Gerard T. and Dorothy Hopkins, staunch Quakers. There he resided for about seven years to learn the trade of grocer.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt1" id="m_ftnt_ref1" rel="noreferrer">[1]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><ul class="m_lst-kix_1qq5xo37uj79-0 m_start" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">According to Helen Thom, at the South River school he was known as “Johnsie Hopkins,” a name that he apparently was known by only to his family and servants after he moved to Baltimore. See Thom, p. 12, and p. 60. Pietila, Antero. </span><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">The Ghosts of Johns Hopkins: The Life and Legacy That Shaped an American City</span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">. 2018) uses "Johnsie" as the title of a chapter about Johns Hopkins career in Baltimore. It is possible that he was known by his family as 'Johnsie'. There was another contemporary Hopkins in Baltimore County that is listed on the tax records as "Johnzey” to distinguish him from his father, Johns Hopkins, the part owner of </span><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Friend’s Discovery</span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt2" id="m_ftnt_ref2" rel="noreferrer">[2]</a></sup></li></ul><ul class="m_lst-kix_1qq5xo37uj79-2 m_start" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.0;margin-right:0;margin-left:108pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="font-weight:700;font-family:"Georgia"">1816:</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> Gerard T Hopkins, merchant, 1 County Wharf, dw 78 W Pratt</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.0;margin-right:0;margin-left:108pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="font-weight:700;font-family:"Georgia"">1819:</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> J[G]erard T. Hopkins grocer, 1 County wharf dw 78 Pratt</span></li></ul><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><hr style="page-break-before:always;display:none"><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:center;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:15pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:15pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(2) 1820-1832/33</span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Baltimore Street</span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center;padding-right:0"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:716.00px"><img alt="" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/nWhB3i-cMxcuu5rfTCDZoOPCEvJ0vlE9dxo4Xe3vstBs7YCLFxi7fl-1v552IenAvSejBUNVD-Ff_WDUf3SJASV8vH3Zxplx3jTFSG5_tnnIqytuTb2LBdeMksBkFWFYO21Ai_DT" style="width:624.00px;height:716.00px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:center;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="font-weight:700;font-family:"Georgia"">1820</span><span style="font-weight:700;font-family:"Georgia"">-1832:</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">Johns Hopkins lived at Beltz[h]oover’s Hotel, Baltimore Street, until he contracted Cholera.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt3" id="m_ftnt_ref3" rel="noreferrer">[3]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Beltzhoover’s Hotel was a fashionable place to stay. </span></p><ul class="m_lst-kix_nnekw559xw0x-0 m_start" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">Henry Clay stayed there in March of 1829.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt4" id="m_ftnt_ref4" rel="noreferrer">[4]</a></sup></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">“Between his unsuccessful stints in the Army and at West Point, [Edgar Allen] Poe spent a few months in 1829 sharing a room with his cousin at the Beltzhoover’s Hotel on the corner of Hanover and Baltimore streets.” </span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt5" id="m_ftnt_ref5" rel="noreferrer">[5]</a></sup></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">The German Society of Maryland met regularly at Beltzhoover’s Hotel “southeast corner of Baltimore and Hanover streets. It was also called “Indian Queen” Hotel, and celebrated in its days.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt6" id="m_ftnt_ref6" rel="noreferrer">[6]</a></sup></li></ul><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="font-weight:700;font-family:"Georgia"">1831 directory:</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">: </span></p><ul class="m_lst-kix_t83sjvfoy8yt-0 m_start" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.0;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Beltzhoover, Geo. proprietor of Indian Queen Hotel, SE corner Hanover and w Baltimore sts</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.0;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins Bros, grocers 5 W Pratt [no residence]</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.0;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins Saml, comm. mercht.; dw 31 n Charles st</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.0;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins Gerard T. &l Co. grocers, 3 and 4 Light</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.0;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">st wharf; dw Gerard T. cor Hanover & Barre</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.0;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins & Brothers, grocers, 5 w Pratt st</span></li></ul><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1822 directory: </span></p><ul class="m_lst-kix_v75i6fro8dy3-0 m_start" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Gerard T. Hopkins, Grocer, sw corner of Pratt and Light Street, dw 78 Pratt</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1822 directory: [no entry for Johns Hopkins]</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins, Nicholas, hatter, 71 Pratt</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins & Moore, grocers, Pratt st. whf. N side W of Calvert st.</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins, Greenbury, coach maker, Liberty, E side N of McElderry, o t .</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins, Jumes, cordwainer, rear of 2 Low, o t</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins, Grace, Great York, S side E of Lloyd, o t</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins, Gerard T. grocer, SW corner of Pratt & Light st. whf. dw. 78 Pratt</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins. William, grocer, SW corner of Pratt st & Light st. whf dw. 80 Pratt</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins, Solomon, cabinet maker, William's alley, S side E of Spring-st. o t</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins,Richard, currier, 51 S Calvert, dv/. 69 Pitt, o t</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins, Sarah, widow, Pitt, N side W of Aisquith, o £</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">*Hopkins, Hager, laundress, Garden, E side S of Biddle</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">*Hopkins, Charles, drayman, Hartford, E side S of the intersection of Hartford and Aisquith, o t</span></li></ul><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1827 directory: [no entry for Johns Hopkins]:</span></p><ul class="m_lst-kix_z3wekgbxlumj-0 m_start" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">Hopkins Bros, [no dw], see: </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc2900/sc2908/000001/000491/html/am491--135.html%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1648006649692196%26usg%3DAOvVaw13inHaz9BYqb1M_guwAdEu&source=gmail-html&ust=1648089588828000&usg=AOvVaw2U1abp6Fd6f8ohLu_u5yU7" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://msa.maryland.gov/<wbr>megafile/msa/speccol/sc2900/<wbr>sc2908/000001/000491/html/<wbr>am491--135.html</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins Richard, grocer, E side of Reisterstown road, 6 of intersection of Cove</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins & Brothers, grocers and commission merchants, 5 Pratt "st wharf</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins John, 24 Fell st</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins mrs. Ann, Potter, W side, S of N Gay</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins Gerard T. 8c Moore, SE corner Pratt and Light</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins Gerard T. (firm of Hopkins &. Moore) dw 78 Pratt</span></li></ul><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1829 directory:</span></p><ul class="m_lst-kix_tdx85o5bvldl-0 m_start" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins and Brothers grocers, 5 Pratt st whf [no residence]: see: <a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc2900/sc2908/000001/000524/html/am524--160.html&source=gmail-html&ust=1648089588829000&usg=AOvVaw3b1WVsgk2AOwTLgUBrMlPt" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://msa.maryland.gov/<wbr>megafile/msa/speccol/sc2900/<wbr>sc2908/000001/000524/html/<wbr>am524--160.html</a> </span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins mrs Sarah, cor of Comet and Pitt</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins mrs Ann, seamstress, Bond near Fleet</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins mrs Eliza, French w of totter</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins miss Emily, cor of Baltimore and East</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins Gerard T. & co. merchants, 1 Light st whf</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins Gerard T. of the firm of G T. Hopkins & Co. Hanover second door from Barre</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins Thos. cabinet maker, Pratt w of Hanover</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins Wm. L. flour and commission merchant, cor Light and Conway, dw Barnet near Charles</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins Jas. cordwainer, Caroline near Pratt</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins Jas. currier, High near Water</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins Greenbury, coach maker, East N of Douglas</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins Rich'd, cordwainer, Jefferson E of Aisquith</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins and Brothers grocers, 5 Pratt stwhf</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins J. & G. curriers 63 s Calvert</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">*Hopkins Cato, labourer, Salisbury st near Harford run [Free Black]</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">*Hopkins Matilda, shop beeper, Saratoga E of Cove [Free Black]</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">*Hopkins Hannah, laundress, Davis near Bath [Free Black]</span></li></ul><p style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;height:11pt;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;padding-right:0"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:523.50px;height:255.04px"><img alt="" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/306zZN5As39AF2JCosMm6xP3vP8oFYECzxIpY2mgPtwku8TF6aH95y0DbNgkpGV9iNEcVfVRl7qoeJFWeVu1dG7SHqQKrrqhmT9BofpaW5S05EyQiX52RXWQYk--Lihh95yClCSl" style="width:523.50px;height:255.04px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:15pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(3) 1832-1840</span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Franklin Street</span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">According to Helen Thom, Johns Hopkins Resided at Belshoover’s [Beltzhoover Indian Queen Hotel] until he suffered an attack of Cholera and moved “to one of two houses on Franklin … left to him by his father, taking his two brothers with him.” </span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt7" id="m_ftnt_ref7" rel="noreferrer">[7]</a></sup><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""> In fact Johns Hopkins bought two houses on Franklin Street, east of St. Paul in June 1833 and sold them to his mother Hannah in December 1842, by which time he was living at his new rental address, 177 Lombard Street, the former Dr. Peter Macaulay mansion.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt8" id="m_ftnt_ref8" rel="noreferrer">[8]</a></sup></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1835/36 directory:</span></p><ul class="m_lst-kix_i3uyx8apzhv5-0 m_start" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins & brothers, grocers, 6 Pratt st wharf, dw J. Hopkins, Franklin st 2d door from St Paul</span></li></ul><ul class="m_lst-kix_i3uyx8apzhv5-1 m_start" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">see: </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc2900/sc2908/000001/000493/html/am493--146.html%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1648006649696131%26usg%3DAOvVaw2dQ8Q3zAJpeZz7OhjB4WtF&source=gmail-html&ust=1648089588829000&usg=AOvVaw0P15CZQjnGZ4h7Qn2RLhlC" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://msa.maryland.gov/<wbr>megafile/msa/speccol/sc2900/<wbr>sc2908/000001/000493/html/<wbr>am493--146.html</a></span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc2900/sc2908/000001/000492/html/am492--94.html%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1648006649696667%26usg%3DAOvVaw1p_W3tbhE1EIG5veVxQTDL&source=gmail-html&ust=1648089588829000&usg=AOvVaw1n1D1yi1INDaTLW-SyToKp" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://msa.maryland.gov/<wbr>megafile/msa/speccol/sc2900/<wbr>sc2908/000001/000492/html/<wbr>am492--94.html</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></li></ul><ul class="m_lst-kix_i3uyx8apzhv5-0" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins Wm. L. corner Calvert and Pratt sts</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins Jerard J. dry goods mt. IS Centre Market space</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins Samuel, mt. Bowly's wf. dw St Paul st n of Mulberry</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins Wesley, tailor, Jew alley n of Dutch</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins miss Charlotte, corner Pitt and L. Comet sts</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins Samuel, Biddle st e of Penn avenue</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins James, corner Exeter and Granby sts</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins T. W. & G. grocers and Commission merchants, corner Pratt st and Light st wharf</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins Samuel, firm Matthews and Hopkins, dw St Paul st e side, 3 doors s of Franklin</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins Grace R. n w corner Baltimore and East sts</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins Edward, shoemaker, 11 Thomsen st</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins Wm. M. dry goods merchant, 101 Baltimore st</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins James, watchman, Bond st n of Wilk</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins Bazil B 77 Lombard st</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins G. T. dvv Barre st near Sharp</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins Johns, Franklin st near St. Paul's lane</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins Thomas, pilot, Wolf st n of Thames</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins Richard, broker, 39 Albemarle st</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins &. brothers, grocers, 6 Pratt st wharf, dw J. Hopkins</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Franklin st 2d door from St Paul</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">tHopkins Hannah, Davis st near Pleasant [Free Black]</span></li></ul><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1837 directory: </span></p><ul class="m_lst-kix_btelie5d1x5-0 m_start" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Johns Hopkins’ residence- Franklin Street e St. Paul [note: the addresses on Franklin east from St. Paul were in the 9th Ward in 1840, and in the 8th by 1842].</span></li></ul><ul class="m_lst-kix_btelie5d1x5-1 m_start" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:108pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc2900/sc2908/000001/000489/html/am489--172.html%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1648006649699107%26usg%3DAOvVaw14I3TC0aijd55MJ-NJaMo3&source=gmail-html&ust=1648089588829000&usg=AOvVaw0eSYBWOHseBzv0Ff8reKu9" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://msa.maryland.gov/<wbr>megafile/msa/speccol/sc2900/<wbr>sc2908/000001/000489/html/<wbr>am489--172.html</a></span></li></ul><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center;padding-right:0"><span style="font-size:15pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:700">(4) </span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:15pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1840-1842</span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">In 1840, Johns Hopkins moved to a rental house on Sharp Street, apparently renting out the Franklin Street properties.</span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:15pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Sharp Street</span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center;padding-right:0"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:481.33px"><img alt="" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/7hmAwuqQDXEc61iVnYHT0H_l91IM2dj7l2v4KTYo0aUtY5oU04ocm8YmTk__ZQE1rvpP6k8K9T_OcewzMYVmko--szbfSQsm_kOY7fkHz4mRwDDROmMJyX6iLmxpXOX3vdY8MlQD" style="width:624.00px;height:481.33px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">This image is taken from a kmz file that places the 1851 Poppleton Map of Baltimore on Google Earth Pro. The faint yellow lines are the streets as of 2021.</span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;height:11pt;text-align:center;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;height:11pt;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="font-weight:700;font-family:"Georgia"">1840-1842 directories:</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><ul class="m_lst-kix_ai0u0g81ugh1-0 m_start" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-left:72pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">Johns Hopkins, firm Hopkins & Brothers, dw e side Sharp st 4 doors s of German </span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt9" id="m_ftnt_ref9" rel="noreferrer">[9]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></li></ul><p style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1840:</span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;padding-right:0"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:503.18px;height:289.50px"><img alt="" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/MOAethzUkMnEpSvTh0kEglD_xIlvM7S63jTrDyQ6FGJSjCngQQhfjD6gnu9KCZhbYRy1FR2XwuCeLIhsViurgu_7MMYG7NkToaU8Mt3jrzx7XQIxiYvzzLa1sQ2BrTy2iIruOJAo" style="width:503.18px;height:289.50px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;height:11pt;text-align:center;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><ul class="m_lst-kix_3t8v5nj5epq-0 m_start" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">In 1840 Johns Hopkins also acquired a county estate, Clifton, at an auction by the trustees of Henry Thompson. He resided there in the summers, and created a park-like setting for a mansion he remodeled according to plans by Architect John Niernsee (ca. 1850-1852) and his partner, James Crawford Neilson.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt10" id="m_ftnt_ref10" rel="noreferrer">[10]</a></sup></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">In 1840 (possibly as early as late 1839) Johns Hopkins moved to a rental on Sharp Street. From the Sharp Street address in April of 1840, he w</span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://exhibits.library.jhu.edu/omeka-s/s/johnshopkinsbiographicalarchive/item/2877%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1648006649701068%26usg%3DAOvVaw3Y6dUvIPGkUGHRJ-m3QLrX&source=gmail-html&ust=1648089588829000&usg=AOvVaw03RkJh94Hj3RSUYSYP_dx2" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">rote his mother inviting her to come to Baltimore</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">. By late 1842 she was in Baltimore and Johns Hopkins had rented the mansion built by Dr. Peter Macaulay at what was then 177 Lombard Street to accommodate her and his two sisters. </span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""> </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-GYYV-3HHJ?i%253D72%2526cc%253D1786457%2526personaUrl%253D%25252Fark%25253A%25252F61903%25252F1%25253A1%25253AXHT5-3TB%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1648006649701534%26usg%3DAOvVaw0ygCTkZuIBaEx01HzI0fOy&source=gmail-html&ust=1648089588829000&usg=AOvVaw2vpDhm7sgXod8KEJNH7_aV" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">According to the 1840 Census, submitted in November of 1840, the Sharp Street residence was in the 9th Ward</a></span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""> and consisted of 7 individuals, of whom two were “free colored persons” and one a slave between the age of 10and 24. </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://mdhistory.msa.maryland.gov/bca_brg4/bca001610/html/brg4_bca1610-0046.html%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1648006649701880%26usg%3DAOvVaw1in4zuhPn2MvUmrm4Elgb5&source=gmail-html&ust=1648089588829000&usg=AOvVaw0zuc94c5TyhNTSp8p-_g_7" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">In the tax lists for the 9th Ward compiled by September 1841, Johns Hopkins owned no slaves at Sharp Street</a></span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt11" id="m_ftnt_ref11" rel="noreferrer">[11]</a></sup><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""> He had furniture, plate, two horses and a carriage, assessed at $1600. None of his immediate neighbors (some who were his future Trustees for the Hospital and the University) owned slaves, </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://mdhistory.msa.maryland.gov/bca_brg4/bca001610/pdf/brg4_bca1610-0045.pdf%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1648006649702299%26usg%3DAOvVaw0EHLKj0nj2OdwBnakOT5z2&source=gmail-html&ust=1648089588829000&usg=AOvVaw2f-PvmPEoQrQUCQr7MGhz6" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">but nearby L. Collins Lee was taxed for Martha (age 20) and William (age 14), assessed for a total of $525</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">. Who owned the slave noted on the 1840 census and whether or not he had been acquired for the purpose of setting him free, has yet to be determined, but it is possible given the ages of the two white men in the household, that the younger male was Johns Hopkins’s brother who was disowned by the Courtland Street Orthodox Friends meeting for owning slaves in 1839. </span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">In 1842 the tax ledger for Baltimore City still places the Sharp Street residence in Ward 9, even though the Wards had been re-drawn. In that year all of </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://mdhistory.msa.maryland.gov/bca_brg4_1/bca_brg4_1_bca160/html/brg4_1_bca160-0240.html%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1648006649702770%26usg%3DAOvVaw2hbvFbSOifv9n2qSiiTQLL&source=gmail-html&ust=1648089588829000&usg=AOvVaw1lQ32EWF12ZHgjbcIrrabJ" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Johns Hopkins’s properties in the city are listed in Ledger 4, f. 144</a></span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""> and he is not taxed for any slaves. His brother Samuel, whose entry follows that of Johns Hopkins, however is, which means that </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv%253D1%2526dbid%253D2189%2526h%253D1101768938%2526tid%253D%2526pid%253D%2526queryId%253Dbfd3c9a0335b79fa0d4044dec81a4eea%2526usePUB%253Dtrue%2526_phsrc%253DOfo31%2526_phstart%253DsuccessSource%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1648006649703230%26usg%3DAOvVaw1wkxNdP84dVkVqpoDGn1K6&source=gmail-html&ust=1648089588829000&usg=AOvVaw0Ze7D7baeoE2MjCgNIkqFy" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">following Samuel’s being read out of the Orthodox meeting for selling liquor and owning slaves in 1839</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">, he continued to do so.</span></li></ul><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center;padding-right:0"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:399.00px;height:532.00px"><img alt="" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/2Plu9461483fWO34B2URAz0LUD6stdSeTxYN2OzAIvGQymdpeP5APM8ZRsD8RLoCDmoblEEzl72ZW_d2seBcASorON_e_WvcdCTOcaejFRKgp7pQL7B1RF3L00uU4QY6PJWVlqTp" style="width:399.00px;height:532.00px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:center;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://mdhistory.msa.maryland.gov/bca_brg4_1/bca_brg4_1_bca160/jpg/brg4_1_bca160-0240.jpg%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1648006649703913%26usg%3DAOvVaw0xKdTKLvqkCV3lYTSlNt3u&source=gmail-html&ust=1648089588829000&usg=AOvVaw1wRq-BLgaavcXUIWvYpgY5" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">1842 Ledger 4 of Property and Taxes due, excerpt f.144</a></span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:center;padding-right:0"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">note Samuel’s slave assessed at $375</span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:center;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><hr style="page-break-before:always;display:none"><p style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;height:11pt;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:15pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center;padding-right:0"><span style="font-size:15pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:700">(5) </span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:15pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1843/1850</span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Lombard Street</span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center;padding-right:0"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:433.33px"><img alt="" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/cTL0EcEMnDx2y62wiUr5dqhkXYif052SkI4SjAzSrp8yRpQQaRkDwP_WKcwxlbpSZWPWpA8d7N32RmDatDqjq-tyab2JSnKIHHkpHhDKUP7DmyiuvJ0Qd9_DIddqqIE2ZuX47RSr" style="width:624.00px;height:433.33px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">The </span><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Baltimore Sun</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">, Baltimore, Maryland, 06 Mar 1850, Wed • Page 3</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:468.00px"><img alt="" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/GeulIFgQUEhnSc1RRydUefBrtEiTODJAA5s65IBaMXfZEo7E1SWYVF2Lrh7lBF9PZAd0fF2ovUsfX3dQF-AaDVhZG_nhyO7eGLBYXNCjt3Q5xaezNvm6iDy6ONix_kQ6NE7v_4K7" style="width:624.00px;height:468.00px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">detail from </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Lloyd’s Elevated Building Map, </span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">ca. 1891</span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="font-weight:700;font-family:"Georgia"">1843:</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><ul class="m_lst-kix_78mfpikun08q-0 m_start" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">177 Lombard Street- According to Helen Thom, Johns Hopkins “bought a large house on Lombard Street, the second door east of Sharp Street” where he brought his mother, Hannah (b. 19 May 1774 –d. 25 November 1846), and two sisters, Hannah and Eliza to live with him.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt12" id="m_ftnt_ref12" rel="noreferrer">[12]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> In fact Johns Hopkins rented Dr. Macaulay”s Lombard Street House on the southwest corner of Lombard and Hanover streets.</span></li></ul><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="font-weight:700;font-family:"Georgia"">1845:</span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""> </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc2900/sc2908/000001/000525/html/am525--164.html%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1648006649706153%26usg%3DAOvVaw3-2Bx6YDhQ3uO7BAKEekmF&source=gmail-html&ust=1648089588829000&usg=AOvVaw1SN7QB4rfiZXp0avIjcB85" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">dw 177 W Lombard</a></span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="font-weight:700;font-family:"Georgia"">1847/48:</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> Johns Hopkins, dw 177 w Lombard st</span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="font-weight:700;font-family:"Georgia"">1849/51 </span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">directory</span><span style="font-weight:700;font-family:"Georgia"">:</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> dw 177 w Lombard</span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="font-weight:700;font-family:"Georgia"">1850: </span><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Baltimore Sun</span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""> article about late residence of JH on Lombard Street</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt13" id="m_ftnt_ref13" rel="noreferrer">[13]</a></sup></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="font-weight:700;font-family:"Georgia"">1851 BC Directory, </span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">compiled in 1850</span><span style="font-weight:700;font-family:"Georgia"">:</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> Johns Hopkins, dw 177 W Lombard</span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:15pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(6) 1851/1873</span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Saratoga Street</span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center;padding-right:0"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:382.67px"><img alt="" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/gZpo6YQ9ewb8STLhnjTIizAmLhkND9PMho2PdQS0CgEJPh7nnKWJT1_B7tPtaVkXf-35gzc8aoIEpVs6Daw6KqDNUD9Y80qfLCJ4RmLE9CaCJh0JivB5yc13VBQNfgLtVSMeB8Mo" style="width:624.00px;height:382.67px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center;padding-right:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">81 Saratoga Street (later 18 Saratoga), detail from </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://lccn.loc.gov/75694535%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1648006649707638%26usg%3DAOvVaw3-mWyV3MJsidSZRgcsBLnT&source=gmail-html&ust=1648089588829000&usg=AOvVaw3ilL3YR76fWM7EyuMMArE_" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">1869 Sachse Birds Eye view of Baltimore</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">.</span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:center;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="font-weight:700;font-family:"Georgia"">1851:</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">In 1851 Johns Hopkins purchased 81 Saratoga Street for $50,000 on an installment plan from the Widow of Richard Dorsey.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt14" id="m_ftnt_ref14" rel="noreferrer">[14]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> It would remain his city home for the rest of his life, dying there on Christmas Eve, 1873. According to the surviving tax records for Baltimore City from 1850-1864, Johns Hopkins was not taxed for owning slaves. </span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1860: BC Dir:</span></p><ul class="m_lst-kix_85n2um1u06dz-0 m_start" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins Johns, president Merchants' Bank, 81 Saratoga</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins Johns, office Commercial Buildings, n e cor Gay and Lombard, dw 81 Saratoga</span></li><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hopkins Joseph J. hardware merchant, 15 n Howard, dw Baltimore Co</span></li></ul><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="font-weight:700;font-family:"Georgia"">1868/69:</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><ul class="m_lst-kix_jp5wz4exarfr-0 m_start" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">President Merchants Bank, office Commercial Bldg, dw 81 Saratoga</span></li></ul><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="font-weight:700;font-family:"Georgia"">1873/12/24:</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><ul class="m_lst-kix_i96rodlag4p9-0 m_start" style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0pt;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">Johns Hopkins died at his Baltimore residence, 81 Saratoga Street and was buried in Greenmount Cemetery</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#m__ftnt15" id="m_ftnt_ref15" rel="noreferrer">[15]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></li></ul><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center;padding-right:0"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:424.50px;height:566.00px"><img alt="" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/7v0t_MBS8f2Bf6eEquXK8rCmNN81TS5d5NLJCRSWVFaIDPXM3u6BEn2nBVkn0oGSugtEXbvOOBhB8chSDonPuEMNmD1_t_GQpn_tp7c6DXSrCc2pP6JssiGSBKfVDUyv6n797Fny" style="width:424.50px;height:566.00px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Johns Hopkins’ grave, Greenmount Cemetery, 6/30/2021, courtesy of David Papenfuse</span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:center;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><div><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:center;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:15pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p></div><hr style="width:33%;height:1px"><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref1" id="m_ftnt1" rel="noreferrer">[1]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Helen Hopkins Thom, </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Johns Hopkins A silhouette</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1929, pp</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">. 14, 22. According to Thom, Johns Hopkins arrived in Baltimore in 1812, but Quaker records indicate the year was 1813.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref2" id="m_ftnt2" rel="noreferrer">[2]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">To date the relationship of the Hopkins who owned </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Friend’s Discovery</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> off York Road in Baltimore County is unknown. They were Quakers who owned slaves, yet they were buried in the Friends Burial ground on Belair Road near Clifton. See the tax record for the 2nd district of Baltimore County, 1833, MdSA C278-1-0002.pd</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal">f and the records for .</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref3" id="m_ftnt3" rel="noreferrer">[3]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Thom, p. 28. “,,,</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">the ship Brenda had arrived in Baltimore on the sixth of June after having had fourteen cholera deaths on her passage from Liverpool. Freeman’s Banner (Baltimore), June 16, 1832; Horatio G. Jameson, “Observations on Epidemic Cholera as It Appeared at Baltimore, in the Summer of 1832,” Maryland Medical Recorder, 111 (1832), 37</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">”, Charles E. Rosenberg, The Cholera Years The United States in 1832, 1849, and 1866, Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1962, note 19, p. 25.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref4" id="m_ftnt4" rel="noreferrer">[4]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Niles Register,</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> Volume 36, p. 90.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref5" id="m_ftnt5" rel="noreferrer">[5]</a><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.baltimoremagazine.com/section/artsentertainment/edgar-allan-poe-baltimore-charm-city-culture-history-poetry-poet-festival/%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1648006649711717%26usg%3DAOvVaw1dYkTx9eoG2Mu62PqzF_XC&source=gmail-html&ust=1648089588829000&usg=AOvVaw185jg0BDnqliGdN1Kw51T3" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Baltimore Magazine, October 2019</a></span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref6" id="m_ftnt6" rel="noreferrer">[6]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">History of the German Society of Maryland</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">, p. 91.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"></span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref7" id="m_ftnt7" rel="noreferrer">[7]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">Thom, p. 28 </span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref8" id="m_ftnt8" rel="noreferrer">[8]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Baltimore City Land Records, TK 228, ff. 271. Hannah was in Baltimore by December 1842 when Johns Hopkins sold her the properties on St. Paul and Franklin. It is likely that the properties on Franklin were income properties for Hannah (the equivalent of Social Security of the day for single women and widows), and that she resided with Johns Hopkins on Lombard Street until her death in 1846 when her funeral was from her “late residence on Lombard Street,” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Baltimore Sun</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">, Thursday, November 26, 1846. According to Murphy’s City Directory, In 1844/45, James H. Luckett of the, firm of Neale & Luckett, was living in the house where Johns Hopkins had resided at 21 Franklin st., and which Johns Hopkins had sold to Hannah in 1842. In 1846, when Hannah died, the properties on St. Paul and Franklin were listed in her inventory along with enough personal effects for accommodations at 177 Lombard Street. See: </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33S7-9TBV-95QX?i%253D185%2526wc%253DSNY4-RM9%25253A146536801%25252C147571901%2526cc%253D1803986%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1648006649712460%26usg%3DAOvVaw2harBpgPCP_lcr6gwbdUA3&source=gmail-html&ust=1648089588829000&usg=AOvVaw14Slkls8-CXC1LB87i6yqW" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Baltimore County Inventories, Vol. 59, 1847-48, ff. 343.</a></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> As the administrator of Hannah’s estate, in May of 1848, Johns Hopkins sold the Franklin Street properties to Samuel Hopkins for $8500. Baltimore County Land Records, AWB, no. 396,f. 258 (erroneously recorded as f. 358 in 1864).</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref9" id="m_ftnt9" rel="noreferrer">[9]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">In 1840 this address was in 9th Ward (now between Lombard and Baltimore) </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/viewer?mid%253D1fgeI4wYvSLFJgTs8uVzmh2V6dQY%2526hl%253Den%2526ll%253D39.28461232963128%25252C-76.611937%2526z%253D14%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1648006649714420%26usg%3DAOvVaw1F4DkiDOiGRzvVPozbLexa&source=gmail-html&ust=1648089588830000&usg=AOvVaw23ChXHeHZkSDN6fhTAtctF" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">but in the reorganization and mapping of the wards in March 1841, the Sharp Street address was encompassed in the 11th ward, even though the tax records continued to place it in the 9th ward.</a></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"></span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref10" id="m_ftnt10" rel="noreferrer">[10]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Chalfant, Randolph W., and Charles Belfoure. </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Niernsee and Neilson, Architects of Baltimore: Two Careers on the Edge of the Future</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">. Baltimore, MD: Baltimore Architecture Foundation, 2006. </span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref11" id="m_ftnt11" rel="noreferrer">[11]</a><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Care must be taken in utilizing the tax lists to document slavery in the city. The tax list for the 9th Ward for 1841, although compiled after September 1841, followed </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/viewer?mid%253D1F-4BMkPBMiPcpT7VDZOESII4tmc%2526hl%253Den%2526ll%253D39.2845783402371%25252C-76.611647%2526z%253D14%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1648006649713320%26usg%3DAOvVaw0VwmtQUQXtB93xut3Mr4rn&source=gmail-html&ust=1648089588830000&usg=AOvVaw1Q_-te2HYlcctA8SIqNdLG" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">the old ward boundaries of 1831-1840</a></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> and not the new boundary ordinance of March 1841. </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://mdhistory.msa.maryland.gov/bca_brg4/bca001610/pdf/brg4_bca1610-0004.pdf%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1648006649713645%26usg%3DAOvVaw2IRrY-wnCjs8OEcYQouRQz&source=gmail-html&ust=1648089588830000&usg=AOvVaw3QbHrJXsOmLEo24x9R9Mi5" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">The first person charged with compiling the tax data for Ward 9 had failed in his duties and a new tax assessor was appointed in September of 1841.</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref12" id="m_ftnt12" rel="noreferrer">[12]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">Thom, p. 28.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref13" id="m_ftnt13" rel="noreferrer">[13]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">The </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Baltimore Sun</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">, Baltimore, Maryland, 06 Mar 1850, Wed • Page 3</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref14" id="m_ftnt14" rel="noreferrer">[14]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Baltimore County Land Records, AWB no. 463, ff. 297.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#m__ftnt_ref15" id="m_ftnt15" rel="noreferrer">[15]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#bb6633;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://www.jhu.edu/~gazette/1999/jan0499/obit.html%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1648006649715318%26usg%3DAOvVaw2pQc1Zk-7f7COEBhTMO4EM&source=gmail-html&ust=1648089588830000&usg=AOvVaw0-k93IwR_ffgdDeWJeBsUi" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Death of Johns Hopkins"</a></span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#202122;font-weight:400">, </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#202122;font-weight:400;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">The Baltimore Sun</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9.5pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#202122;font-weight:400">, December 25, 1873</span></p></div></div></body></html>ecpcliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01498580508411177787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1033015240460437200.post-10931997039027912302021-06-02T12:13:00.005-07:002021-06-04T09:51:55.025-07:00Lizette Woodworth Reese (1856–1935)<html><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body><div style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:72pt 72pt 72pt 72pt;max-width:468pt"><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:18pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Remembering a Teacher & Poet:</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:18pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Lizette Woodworth Reese, 1856–1935</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:206.00px;height:294.49px"><img alt="" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/l55lJSK5KkXQal8bcsA_sG1F-7ZHCw-wOYZlcdKd9uJg-n2qjvgwMxK62betFN5yGcLGDrZ0er0pVf-Y35wHeONDr7qLem909kaQDQYkJ2mdDMhHW1veJcHQ4rFXdCzNeETqG5Ek" style="width:206.00px;height:294.49px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:6pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizette_Woodworth_Reese%23/media/File:Lizette_Woodworth_Reese.jpg&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1622760117268000&usg=AOvVaw3QUUy1Yruw_r7aauKa8Bcb" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<wbr>Lizette_Woodworth_Reese#/<wbr>media/File:Lizette_Woodworth_<wbr>Reese.jpg</a></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:700">Poet Lizette Woodworth Reese was born in Huntingdon (now Waverly), Maryland, to a German speaking mother and a future Confederate soldier. She attended Baltimore private schools and, upon graduating from </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:700;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_High_School_(Maryland)&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1622760117269000&usg=AOvVaw2L_I7Ey8QHXwlwCtKyo6iy" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">Eastern High school</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">, embarked on a nearly 50-year career as an English teacher in the Baltimore schools.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Her first poetry collection, A Branch of May (1887), brought wide recognition. She published an additional eight volumes of poetry, two long narrative poems, two memoirs, and one autobiographical novel. Reese’s mix of colloquial speech and formal structures influenced younger poets, including Edna St. Vincent Millay and Louise Bogan.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:700">In 1931 she was named poet laureate of Maryland, and was granted an honorary doctorate from Goucher College. Reese was a member of the Edgar Allan Poe Society of Baltimore, acting as honorary president from 1922 until her death; she also co-founded the Women’s Literary Club of Baltimore, acting as its poetry chair from 1890 until her death.</span><sup style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:700"><a href="#0.1_ftnt1">[1]</a></sup></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:604.00px"><img alt="" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/gVL58g9NqvH_RH4CIzqMc7706dqAqoGe-9rWMsBAz8ci1Wl01NzGMY0EGGG_i2MqITjUfc7XVm4jYYqzgEfiCq5HhW-7Y9WrCwb8YPs9wXOfUYQaNo5TasWk9gp7Shb5jrQG9DaJ" style="width:624.00px;height:604.00px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"></span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">Reese is buried at </span><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">St. John's in the Village</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> Church, 3009 Greenmount Ave, </span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Waverly, Baltimore, MD 21218 .</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"></span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"></span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:15pt;line-height:1.15;background-color:#fcfcfc;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center;padding-right:0"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:480.00px;height:640.00px"><img alt="Council woman Mary Pat Clark reading poetry at the gravesite of Lizette Woodward Reese during Doors Open 2018" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/X43APHePtz_b-wvqEPQf-ZA33etYHibSdUYq4n7W_H6KCXRJsZyCX9oMS9Qjwq5G5V8rkfbnlN4IWgZeVV-VXrtvyoa3VrIE892Gfufy_fe7zx4pAzruQPGhPkT05aKNcWZTeQxh" style="width:480.00px;height:640.00px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Mary Pat Clarke, who represented District 14 on the Baltimore City Council, </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">reading Lizette Woodward Reese poems during </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Baltimore’s Doors Open</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> 2018 celebration at </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">St. John’s in the Village </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Photo: Joe Stewart</span><sup style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:700"><a href="#0.1_ftnt2">[2]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:407.00px;height:507.85px"><img alt="" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/kMsqdP7-E7gSx_j29Lt_WFACVRCBc3YJM4TLn4QCvoq4MA6jzVtg_gyfq4af8SLwTimXQrIlqCALggEsiyA0SRNmdQOKSzh5a4uNd5a0ZE0DZTkTy6RBtlc3iGGk6d3m62dpdHl7" style="width:407.00px;height:507.85px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">The Pratt Library houses</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.prattlibrary.org/uploadedFiles/www/locations/central/special_collections/finding_aids/MS%25202%2520Lizette%2520Woodworth%2520Reese%2520Collection.pdf?mark%3Dlizette%2Bwoodworth%2Breese&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1622760117273000&usg=AOvVaw19XvCsVG8ZfIFllWwtcA3O" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank"> </a></span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.prattlibrary.org/uploadedFiles/www/locations/central/special_collections/finding_aids/MS%25202%2520Lizette%2520Woodworth%2520Reese%2520Collection.pdf?mark%3Dlizette%2Bwoodworth%2Breese&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1622760117274000&usg=AOvVaw2xCW3uQV223MwD0tYx759M" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">Miss Reese’s papers</a></span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> and the Maryland Historical Society’s </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Underbelly</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">has published a</span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.mdhistory.org/lizette-woodworth-reese-and-the-poetry-of-spring/&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1622760117275000&usg=AOvVaw3sIpmcryyfgcXz0DQh0NLi" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank"> well written and thoughtful account of her life and career</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">from which this photograph is taken.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">Lizette Woodworth Reese published her first poem,</span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id%3Dcoo.31924065565750;view%3D1up;seq%3D721&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1622760117276000&usg=AOvVaw0WSgClj9rc99mOCRBLHzpa" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank"> “The Deserted House” in the June 1874 issue of </a></span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id%3Dcoo.31924065565750;view%3D1up;seq%3D721&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1622760117276000&usg=AOvVaw0WSgClj9rc99mOCRBLHzpa" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">Southern Magazine </a></span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id%3Dcoo.31924065565750;view%3D1up;seq%3D721&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1622760117277000&usg=AOvVaw3PCPV1ZJp8gR9w7Yk6EwfH" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">(Baltimore, Turnbull Brothers)</a></span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">, perhaps written nostalgically from a new home on Harford Avenue?</span><sup style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:700"><a href="#0.1_ftnt3">[3]</a></sup></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">The Deserted House</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">The old house standeth wide and gray,</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">With sharpened gables high in air,</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">And deep-set lattices, all gay</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">With massive arch and framework rare;</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">And o’er it is a silence laid,</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">That feeling, one grows sore afraid.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">The eaves, are dark with heavy vines;</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">The steep roof wears a coat of moss;</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">The walls are touched with dim designs</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Of shadows moving slow across;</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">The balconies are damp with weeds</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">That lift thick as the streamside reeds.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">The garden is a loved retreat</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Of melancholy flowers, of lone</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">And wild-mouthed herbs, in companies sweet,</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">’Mid desolate green grasses thrown;</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">And in its gaps the hoar stone wall</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Letteth the lonesome ivies fall.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">The pebbled paths drag, here and there,</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Old lichened faces, overspun</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">With silver spider-threads —they wear</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">A silence sad to look upon:</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">It is so long that happy feet</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Made them to thrill with pressure sweet.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">The fountain stands where crowd the trees,</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">And. solemn branches o er it part:</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">HOW human wind its melodies!</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">“A broken heart—a broken heart! "</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">For this is all it hath to say</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Throughout the livelong summer's day</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">...</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:393.33px;height:629.33px"><img alt="" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/5cHY8xw9Wt1lHc9-P_t5MpnPm_o54enJgoyA5Z46eNEpjVDtnyzs70M6tOox3FyOfMtzdmCM2OPfLJ8TWCtYwkCv143uQagR0o6yl8NRX2nXkK5Ck4L84_XtiuabjEFXGTtzCCyj" style="width:393.33px;height:629.33px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">MISS LIZETTE WOODWORTH REESE</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">image published in the </span><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Sun</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> March 15, 1903, pg. 7, background removed; said to be taken some years before;</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">source:</span><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://americanliteraryblog.blogspot.com/2011_12_01_archive.html&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1622760117283000&usg=AOvVaw3oiTS5_kL_oSitfAmHeTEs" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank"> </a></span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://americanliteraryblog.blogspot.com/2011_12_01_archive.html&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1622760117283000&usg=AOvVaw3oiTS5_kL_oSitfAmHeTEs" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">http://<wbr>americanliteraryblog.blogspot.<wbr>com/2011_12_01_archive.html</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">, location of the original, unknown</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Perhaps the most glowing tribute to Lizette Woodworth Reese’s power as a poet came from the pen of her bibliographer, Alexander Worth:</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">While singing the praises of a lovely little lady a great fear haunts me lest my effort prove unworthy of her genius. Henry L. Mencken ranked Miss Reese with Edgar Allan Poe, and well he may, for he is not alone in his high tribute. Amy Lowell said that “her ‘Tears’ was as fine a sonnet as any by Elizabeth Barrett Browning.”</span><sup style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt4">[4]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Lizette Woodworth Reese began teaching at St. John’s Episcopal school in Waverly. She then moved to the public schools of Baltimore City in 1876 to teach at the English German School. In 1889, at the age of 33, she first appeared in her own right in the city directory as a teacher living at 1407 North Central Avenue, residing with her parents and brother David.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">In 1896 she transferred to teach at the Colored High School on Saratoga, just east of Charles Street next door to the Athenaeum, home at the time, to the Maryland Historical Society. There she taught composition, rhetoric, literature, and physiology.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:446.67px"><img alt="" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/zjMlgymjNQTfYc_F0PdpQqfJWCWqAbi9RavyKnj5Lo9XBX7ttwemrodzTyC2QiGvvsrzSJCprHbTxC0aatmXbf88c6cT2pPx-h1wXVXK9C840sV6SiG3ue3r93GrXH8eK-laDGV9" style="width:624.00px;height:446.67px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">detail from the 1869 Sachse Print indicating with a red oval,</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Indicating the site of the Colored High School (1888) where</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> Lizette Woodworth Reese taught from 1896-1901</span></p><hr style="page-break-before:always;display:none"><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:766.67px"><img alt="" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/rfpO7-A3gszLx6Jsevda-mZgJOhpeIHu-zekDMh-TM8yMz7M36kCdZ5WUfCYb_n_po90BveJdJy59xRkxeWnpl4UHenUYGMBBbsNLTAMZD3E9LhFZ2hqaJNO64kjru1MNIh7sd1F" style="width:624.00px;height:766.67px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">A description of the Baltimore Colored High School at its opening in 1888</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Baltimore </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Sun,</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> October 11, 1888</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:609.33px"><img alt="" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/3_oaAXnKIWh72kwjyOubw1_gDWgYVkrsDhPNAm17v-IssCm2G38YAYg22iv3b-5Z8TBHjcrYmS-HiELEjr8miKM-HOLaBEWYcbJ2nMvsNw-8yMRpls1WvPnb80rn5TU6-GyjK5LK" style="width:624.00px;height:609.33px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">detail from the Bromley Atlas of Baltimore City, 1896</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Showing the location of the Colored High School next to </span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">The Maryland Historical Society</span><sup style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt5">[5]</a></sup></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">In 1897 Miss Reese bought a house at 2613 Atlantic Avenue (now 2109 Kentucky) for $650, the equivalent of her annual salary at the Colored High School. In 1917 she sold the house and moved in with her sisters at 2926 Harford Road, today an assisted living facility overlooking Clifton Park, where she remained until her death in 1935.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:288.00px"><img alt="" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/hROEnKUx5uAmyu8jLc3pLlxlHgZEyZTWX0lZ4mFeQqE5eA_iHWmfUpu65EGm8LxzJnrh-3Q2puv39f5PItJ-fQvB1FpcKQSXnVW3BIAKw7j0Z_-jaWBhyxofuh1OcfAkzf8oNqNg" style="width:624.00px;height:288.00px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">The homes in the neighborhoods in which Lizette Woodworth Reese lived a large portion of her adult life. Recently, thanks to the efforts of Joe Stewart, among others, Miss Reese, who received </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">an honorary doctorate for her poetry from Goucher College, has been admitted </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">into the</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://msa.maryland.gov/msa/educ/exhibits/womenshall/html/whflist.html&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1622760117289000&usg=AOvVaw1On_kdqabrb_edcaWIAbzO" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank"> </a></span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://msa.maryland.gov/msa/educ/exhibits/womenshall/html/whflist.html&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1622760117289000&usg=AOvVaw1On_kdqabrb_edcaWIAbzO" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">Maryland Women’s Hall of Fame</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">.</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:329.33px;height:505.33px"><img alt="" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/_da0Wvyx1dmEDQCTEPjvfawBYxWWe1nd8aqx7xXJUl4rCwdBESNdRixUajtzuCYda6sdSmu2p8IGWMkI8_TAaxRFNX1Uxi02D62cEG0R2ykxX5YgvpOEDOs_5Dh_XdAPDsqo_gMT" style="width:329.33px;height:505.33px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Western High School on McCulloch Street, detail from 1906 Bromley Atlas of Baltimore City</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">When in 1901 the city followed through on its promise to staff all colored schools with colored teachers, Miss Reese was transferred to </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_High_School_(Maryland)&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1622760117291000&usg=AOvVaw0sSDLvUOdcRHUjW6du8EvG" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">Western High School</a></span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""> where she remained until her retirement in 1921, after which she devoted herself to writing and reading her poetry.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#0.1_ftnt6">[6]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> Her books proved popular with all Baltimoreans, as the Afro-American reported in 1930:</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:452.00px;height:313.00px"><img alt="" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/dzZDlGdP2kbYwQ38cTEsCJshTCLTlD_B4eOBttM1c11SX1ty8gUDWClO21cywWriEXg447IjZ8OTABHbdt2CusamISs_3U4NPvYHcXSORtyg2g8iluPDJtmUu7QnMHSfMxv6LQBz" style="width:452.00px;height:313.00px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Baltimore Afro American, January 4, 1930</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:629.33px"><img alt="" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/NtFx-r0uZMTdX5JJZYZe6fbW3J0dWPmEoto3zYvhzH__FUlyvoO3t5Y4hDyzJfsOlcWdimdu5vWCLAVbSmoZ4xNXqvjAEamr3AqNX-TANkf7jOt3FbjpgFZNk3VrS7Jdy94i9YkM" style="width:624.00px;height:629.33px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">image of an 1877 plan of </span><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Waverly, </span><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">then in Baltimore County</span><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">, </span><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">courtesy of</span><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://jscholarship.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/32594&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1622760117293000&usg=AOvVaw10150HHSg2_s32DTfZa4Yc" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank"> </a></span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://jscholarship.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/32594&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1622760117293000&usg=AOvVaw10150HHSg2_s32DTfZa4Yc" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">Johns Hopkins University, Sheridan Library</a></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Most of Lizette Woodworth Reese’s published works reflect on, or are inspired by, her memories of the Waverly neighborhood. As one of the chief advocates for her inclusion to the Maryland Women’s Hall of Fame, BCHS member and recording secretary, Joe Stewart, points out:</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Two somewhat biographical books refer to grandparents east of Macdonald estate ( which Abel purchased) which I believe to be slightly north of the then non-existent 33rd Street.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">She went to school and later taught at St. Johns (Huntingdon) and was active in that church now called St Johns in the Village on Greenmount at Old York.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#222222;font-weight:400">In </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#222222;font-weight:400;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">A Victorian Village</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#222222;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> she writes [in a chapter entitled “The House]</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:72pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#222222;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:72pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#222222;font-weight:400;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">A half mile away from the old house [whose house? it reads like "hers"!] stood the toll-gate</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#222222;font-weight:400;font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"> [that would be the toll-gate close to present day Greenmount and Vineyard across the way from St. Johns. And then writes]</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#222222;font-weight:400;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"> For an imaginative child living on the York Road, to wake up and remember the closed toll-gate half a mile below,</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#222222;font-weight:400;font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"> [suggesting she was half a mile above or north] </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#222222;font-weight:400;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">and the closed one farther up the pike</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#222222;font-weight:400;font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"> [Govans?]</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#222222;font-weight:400;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"> was to have a feeling of safety not to be put into words. ... When I thought, years after, of the pastures in front of my grandfather's house, a line of one of Watts's hymns - "Green fields beyond the swelling flood" - came into my mind. … Opposite stretched a great pasture, curving down into the great western sky...The air was full of prickling half-noises...the shrill of the peacocks across in the Macdonald Farm...But houses go. The town pushes out, and clutches the fair meadowlands, and the uneven lanes are straightened into uniform streets, and the few roofs give way to hundreds, each after the same fashion, and the single shop to a sprawling dozen. And this was the way of the old house. They </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#222222;font-weight:400;font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">[her German grandparents?]</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#222222;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"> built a new one on the opposite side of the orchard, and transplanted the white lilac-bushes...It grieved my childish heart to see the enchanted place go, but by this time my parents had moved into the city, and my only glimpse of the devastation were those of occasional week-end visits; being out of sight kept it in part of my mind. … There was never much money; many of this world's goods I went without. But there were always daffodils in the grass in spring, and there were traditions, and books, and plain thinking, and direct speech, and dignity of life and work, and liberty to move about, and grow up in. And which of us can escape beauty, no matter in what guise or </span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:72pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#222222;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">under what name it goes about?</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Francis P. O’Neal of the Maryland Historical Society takes the location of her childhood memories even further:</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">If you go to entry No. 390 in the 1860 census of the Ninth District of Baltimore County, you will see Lizette Reese listed with her maternal grandparents, the Gablers, in Waverly. The question thus becomes ‘Where did the Gablers live?’. On the ‘Plan of Waverly’ which you will find in the 1877 Hopkins’ “Atlas of Baltimore County, Maryland” you will see a house labeled ‘L. Gabler’ just south of the southwest corner of Old York Road and Carroll Ave. This was the home of Louis Gabler, who I suspect (but so far cannot prove) was Lizette’s uncle on her mother’s side. Louis Gabler also showed up in the 1860 census of the Ninth District of Baltimore County; he was listing No. 388, meaning he was pretty close to grandpa Charles Gabler [no. 390] and Lizette. You’d have to root around among the Baltimore County deeds of the period to see if by the time the 1877 atlas was made Louis Gabler had taken over what had been Charles Gabler’s house (although Charles didn’t die until 1880) or whether Louis was at the corner lot all along (i.e. from 1860 through 1877) and Charles had another, nearby, house that isn’t marked on the 1877 Waverly plan. In either case, I’m pretty confident that Lizette grew up around the intersection of Old York Road and Carroll Avenue – which latter today is East 35</span><span style="vertical-align:super;font-size:15pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">th</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"> Street – since I’ve never found any reason to doubt it.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">P.S. Louis Gabler still was living at what then was No. 188 Old York Road in 1903, when his wife died there</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#0000ff;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Indeed if you look closely at the 1877 map, you can see that Louis Gabler’s property extends to another house on Carroll Street which most likely was either Louis’s or Charles’s house. It also may be the property on which “Little Henrietta” died to whom she dedicated “her first long poem” in 1927.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">The house itself was a low, mellowed thing,</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">In part of brick, in part of faded wood;</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Set for a century in the four great winds,</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Set in its years as in a mist of rain</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">At edge of twilight, when a narrow sound,</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Silver in silver air,</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Pricks through each crack of the short, half-lit hour,</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Such was its look and with that look was bound</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">That of dim, fast-kept Aprils, crowded close,</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">At every chimney, and about each door</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">…</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">That April came when she was four years old,</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">And passed. </span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">And crowding on sad August came.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Picked to the bone our roads lay in the blaze Of sun. </span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">On the cracked hedge a month-old dust</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Stuck thick as meal from top-twigs to the roots;</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Each sound struck like a stone</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Dropped into a choked well. </span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">By the peeling fence</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Our dahlias lighted a flat, scarlet blaze,</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Seen a field’s length across the stretched, hot land.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Blare, silence, draught. Then, of a sudden, Death!</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">In the same “A Victorian Village,” published in 1929, so clearly based on those memories of growing up in Huntingdon, now Waverly, she also pays glowing tribute to public school teachers, her chosen profession:</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">A teacher’s work is not obvious; it is often obscure; it is not set to the blare and flourish of trumpets ...In passing a public-school building, every American citizen should feel like uncovering his head, in salute to those within who are spending their span of years in the nobilities and sacrifices of the spacious, most ancient of professions. [quoted in the Baltimore Sun, June 27, 1942, p.6]</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:416.00px"><img alt="" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/_r8YDCXUN2pelXfZGKN_PBKtYiao2TAzfwckgWTgeLDBZaF1SDjCsN6nDtRom-gqZdciJGOTowxgxzC91F4AqSwqiD-mc53lWLrebhut_B0eA3MzqWNxuEWXz_Wju3NdfT9UK_zF" style="width:624.00px;height:416.00px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Lizette Woodworth Reese Monument at Western High School</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Artist: Grace H. Turnbull, 1939</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">No one will know for certain how many young minds she stimulated by her presentations in the classroom or in the seminars at her home. At the colored high school at Saratoga and Courtland streets, founded by her principal, Reverend George Lewis Staley, 65 of the graduates she taught between 1897 and 1901 are listed by name in the </span><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Annual Reports</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> of the Baltimore City School Commissioners. </span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Among her Black students were those who graduated in June of 1900:</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Robert P. Allen</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">G. M. Atkinson</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Sarah E. Canada</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Clarence Chambers</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Mamie B. Coleman</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Martha J. Davis</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Ella G.Dockins</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Gertrude L. Harris</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Violet G. Hemsley</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Cordelia E. Henry</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Gertrude R. Henson</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Daisy C. Jones</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Eva Corinne Smith</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Frank A. Tilghman</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Margaret Verry</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">Richard G. Wright</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#0.1_ftnt7">[7]</a></sup></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">Their biographies, along with the rest of her Black students, have yet to be written, and their neighborhoods remain unidentified.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#0.1_ftnt8">[8]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> The same is true of the hundreds of women she taught at Western High School, including those she continued to meet at her home on Harford Road, following her retirement in 1921 from the Baltimore Public School system. </span></p><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p></div><hr style="width:33%;height:1px"><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref1">[1]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">adapted from <a href="https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/lizette-woodworth-reese" target="_blank">https://www.poetryfoundation.<wbr>org/poets/lizette-woodworth-<wbr>reese</a></span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref2">[2]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">One of the many preservation undertakings of Joe Stewart, former president, secretary, and board member of the Baltimore City Historical Society, was to memorialize the life and contributions of Waverly born Lizette Woodworth Reese. This revised essay first published in the </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Gaslight </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">of the Baltimore City Historical Society is published here in his honor for his years of service to the cause of Baltimore History. On Thursday, May 20, 2021, the Baltimore History Evenings presented: </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Parole Femine: Words and Lives of the </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woman%2527s_Literary_Club_of_Baltimore&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1622760117308000&usg=AOvVaw0Eu6mAhldeFciU6N3C-S_o" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">Woman's Literary Club of Baltimore</a></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">,</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> by Jean Lee Cole which included references to founding member Lizette Woodworth Reese. The papers of the Women’s Literary Club of Baltimore are to be found at </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://loyolanotredamelib.org/Aperio/WLCB/&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1622760117308000&usg=AOvVaw0wYR77lzfji2SBLa4Bv01Y" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">https://loyolanotredamelib.<wbr>org/Aperio/WLCB/</a></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">. See also: Katie Shiber, </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Work to remember, Fast to Forget: The Life of Lizette Woodworth Reese, </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.loyolanotredamelib.org/AperioBlog/index.php/2018/03/10/work-to-remember-fast-to-forget-the-life-of-lizette-woodworth-reese/&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1622760117309000&usg=AOvVaw2RN6k9M3MDLtlYKf5V_heI" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">https://www.<wbr>loyolanotredamelib.org/<wbr>AperioBlog/index.php/2018/03/<wbr>10/work-to-remember-fast-to-<wbr>forget-the-life-of-lizette-<wbr>woodworth-reese/</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref3">[3]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">from 1870 to 1887 David Reese, carpenter, Lizette’s father?, is listed as living at 392 Harford Avenue in East Baltimore (City directories).</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"></span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref4">[4]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">Alexander Wirth, </span><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Complete Bibliography of Lizette Woodworth Reese</span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">, 1937,</span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/007921827&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1622760117304000&usg=AOvVaw2I2OXKYXC6DGuBObkNhP2A" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank"> </a></span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/007921827&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1622760117304000&usg=AOvVaw2I2OXKYXC6DGuBObkNhP2A" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">available on line at http://catalog.hathitrust.<wbr>org/Record/007921827</a></span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">. </span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref5">[5]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">The Colored High School appears on both the </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://mdhistory.msa.maryland.gov/msaref07/bc_ba_atlases_1876_1915/pdf/bc_ba_atlases_1876_1915-0164.pdf&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1622760117306000&usg=AOvVaw15qK9OhWz7qldEPYWPwQCe" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">1896</a></span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""> and </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://mdhistory.msa.maryland.gov/msaref07/bc_ba_atlases_1876_1915/pdf/bc_ba_atlases_1876_1915-0378.pdf&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1622760117307000&usg=AOvVaw3JBGxvSHlfxWCzZfRFzGad" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">1906</a></span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""> </span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">Bromley Atlases of Baltimore. </span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref6">[6]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Her removal from her post at the Colored High School in 1901 was undoubtedly a painful experience for which she has left no known reflections. It was a long-time goal of the Black community to have all Black teachers at Baltimore City’s segregated “colored’ schools which they achieved at the Colored High School on Saratoga in 1901. See the complaints in the </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">about the removal of the white teachers and the mention of Lizette Woodworth Reese as one of the 13 who would no longer be permitted to teach there: “Where will it end?,” Baltimore </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Sun</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">,May 11, 1901.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref7">[7]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">“Sixteen Got Certificates,” Baltimore Sun, June 23,1900.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref8">[8]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> Another graduate of the Colored High School was Katie Locks. According to the family historian, Mary Katherine Locks (1882-1959), was the granddaughter of John W. Locks, a prominent mortician. She married John Wesley Woodhouse. To date no one has undertaken class histories of the known graduates of the colored high school, or for that matter, individual biographies.</span></p></div></div></body></html>ecpcliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01498580508411177787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1033015240460437200.post-13058072063395911112021-02-08T11:24:00.009-08:002021-03-20T15:05:32.788-07:00Johns Hopkins, Orthodox Quaker<html><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body><div style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:72pt 36pt 72pt 36pt;max-width:540pt"><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:18pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Johns Hopkins: Orthodox Quaker and Emancipationist?</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:20.00px;height:20.00px"><img alt="" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/EI5iMNYIZ7QuX9_msBXFacSTdR_WGip0uEZFVPblIU4mfJ32601dC9LqATdHJeSD-wGWbsZSaT-LDQz_taRKBW9T_svrxIPG4kJVdPdazsKwsR0sZZtwwjMTzK8DD9Dg-k4rWIn1" style="width:20.00px;height:20.00px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Edward C. Papenfuse </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Maryland State Archivist, Retired</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:720.00px;height:349.33px"><img alt="" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/A2XmcJTuWJeRhba-6wAXA6Rcgn865jHOK7PoCJFhIgXnDeRXQjxzAHN_wugLPk5jF6fFWMFuZX3X91IOPRVkTbb1ZmwEFOub7TOoHOt_5YMgIXX9yHrTtkdCWGDGHFGMLwWeKnNz" style="width:720.00px;height:349.33px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Johns Hopkins, who endowed Johns Hopkins University with a munificent bequest at his death in 1873, became a member of the Lombard Street Meeting of Friends on the 8th of June, 1813 and is noted in the membership records of that meeting as ‘disowned,’ no date given.</span><sup style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt1">[1]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> Why he was disowned is well known, but how he expressed his faith afterwards and how that coincided with his views on slavery and slaveholding deserves clarification, including, perhaps, a careful attention to the meaning of repentance and redemption.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:477.33px"><img alt="" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/ymmeqlx5Tj6XuZJtb02ivYfPBDgNuOCULRXWl4IEiB7r2V-uZPYtO53YFrxeHKQJL__7ZOE6liuaFlP8uAeDzvJpzs41XPENhukK3TuWeM8vdvDAXrUtppHRlxyT2LFmOR1LjWPc" style="width:624.00px;height:477.33px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><hr style="page-break-before:always;display:none"><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:749.50px;height:515.28px"><img alt="" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/IvkwwIz4kl6AqmBzJ90KegmaEJW8dvCN-g3kUK9E8A0gC9mVJWgu0UGAgD0KsFBSCQsjlzW8FoINKZZHtKAxP6_vafwsuQWwDdtHXow026A3bqw--5sveXzPMKrEv8QTda2OKilK" style="width:749.50px;height:515.28px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">The beginnings of the Meeting on Lombard Street</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:756.50px;height:518.88px"><img alt="" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/65m2F-CR-LHZ3_1wJwWh4VwH20KH1sR2qQzcuEo335gVsP-6iKuVaPO9YMniplpuy36ekoB2QaQ1kCxZVdP1R6m-BELUEBQ0txUBHYvW9J3bZlCdZhbiiUUggM1ft5NI7BlXIH80" style="width:756.50px;height:518.88px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Johns Hopkins “disowned” by the Lombard Street Meeting, November 10, 1826, left hand page</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:752.50px;height:575.23px"><img alt="" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/hq4qyccwI8UBcbsX7qS6fWAq2aKsHNjyg2E7lY6gqurgcaz12X9ILHs04dJjFXxK8_GdnoY9_lr6mTg4JoZkXu2eQeV8_-NaiCs4B-WHXya1aAe64KJI7P0eL6u4SetlR4ng_TS2" style="width:752.50px;height:575.23px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Johns Hopkins “disowned” by the Lombard Street Meeting, November 10, 1826, right hand page</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:745.20px;height:476.50px"><img alt="" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/Ps5f6zxVFUB_vS-TqzyGG_qs0-KuUht1UaRjVM_aLa1xAW2GX_QVoASXAftltYo4kk2usIFU_qeyCbv8CW_3TRPsz7s1y98Z_TSZHWomEqhkLkQ0D5IKyYGzbzfPWj-2l4NxkiuH" style="width:745.20px;height:476.50px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">The Hopkins family as members of the Lombard Street Meeting. Note the entry concerning Mary Hopkins’s marriage to Benjamin P. Moore. The adjoining page below indicates that they removed to the Eastern Shore from Baltimore. </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:752.50px;height:490.81px"><img alt="" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/9tCfZ5Ad0PX8eTaxq3EqoRvk4b2wTt0ffMPWBMdzLB69gUtpStzJmAekxPVFmnF4taBRhSxm-taaf7kp6qgQun1ugSrvNsjSWxXunF-6Nb7MiqWuffatZ3_Zkn9RlvB0t4NTRNpR" style="width:752.50px;height:490.81px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Mary, (b. 12 June, 1797), daughter of Gerard T. Hopkins, at the age of 20, married Johns Hopkins’s first partner in business, B. P Moore. See: </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Lombard Street membership, 1807-1837</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">, f. 17. Elizabeth Hopkins, daughter of Gerard T. Hopkins and Johns Hopkins’s forbidden love, was born the 31st of March, 1803, Ibid., f, 17 and also left the meeting in 1839.. </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Born on Whitehall Plantation in Anne Arundel County into a family of Quakers who once owned slaves, Johns Hopkins,at the age of 17, went to Baltimore to work for his uncle, Gerard Hopkins.</span><sup style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt2">[2]</a></sup><span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> He apprenticed with his uncle in the business of wholesale groceries and never looked back, becoming one of richest, if not the richest banker and insurance broker in Baltimore by the time of his death. It was not always an easy journey, especially in the economic downturn after 1837, again during the panic of 1857, and finally, in the last months of his life, during the panic of 1873. He also found himself in trouble with his Quaker meeting and, for a time, with his uncle over a desire to marry his cousin Elizabeth which forced him to live as a lifelong bachelor and for a number of years, in a hotel room, as he built his fortune and battled cholera which he probably contracted during the severe outbreak of the disease in 1832 in Baltimore.</span><sup style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt3">[3]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:617.91px;height:551.50px"><img alt="" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/Z4FWC5Bn1_tQlKPcQ5YS-uG1Npo-A4frhyG538g9W_Z7sTGHLjLV-76RUlBlsPeeLXQSJr5a0Fx29YyqY-a6Q0R5HL8fMiQlSbgUfBLSLTsNpMi5r1b4HUwQo8nFUQA1cW-Shhac" style="width:617.91px;height:551.50px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://exhibits.library.jhu.edu/omeka-s/files/original/c01d05567e05677c496c2dbba42149b8dc2120c1.jpg&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1616280531791000&usg=AOvVaw0PrrLk2Ip8IUasicSFI1lf" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">https://exhibits.library.jhu.<wbr>edu/omeka-s/files/original/<wbr>c01d05567e05677c496c2dbba42149<wbr>b8dc2120c1.jpg</a></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> Evidence of the consequences of the Lombard Street meeting recommending the “disowning “</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> of Johns Hopkins and Mahlon Hopkins from “having the right of membership with us”</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">In 1825 and again in 1826, Johns Hopkins and his Brother Mahlon, were investigated by the Lombard Street Friends meeting for selling spirituous liquors, whose meeting house property extended back to Whiskey Lane. Initially both were cleared by the meeting when they told the visiting committee that they would desist, but they did not. Finally the meeting reported them to the Monthly Meeting and they were disowned on November 10, 1826, a decision that was reported by Johns Hopkins’s first partner in business, and cousin-in-law, Benjamin P. Moore, clerk of the Baltimore Monthly Meeting, who had left their partnership in 1824.</span><sup style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt4">[4]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:377.50px;height:430.28px"><img alt="" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/mN-u0-z9hUq45O9W8xFUYhI-qGUT2Wx-LLR0JnyKpP30m1JqW1MygD-H0MNtkXuHGC0zqvWmJu5gS3P-rppmqMXYo1UdrEnZ-2dVpqNKCAm_Fr0e7zLhhmNVCL7wrNBve9hg18OX" style="width:377.50px;height:430.28px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">American and Commercial Daily Advertiser</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Wednesday, Jan 14, 1824</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">That did not deter either Mahlon or his brother from continuing to sell whiskey which Johns Hopkins did until the 1840s, shipping large quantities in bulk to Philadelphia for sale.</span><sup style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt5">[5]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:505.50px;height:130.35px"><img alt="" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/yrbRjVlrqqNFMdlZU9NGN4gz01QOW_FdggCh6ST9CL8RdiBX9cl-0rnsIIWLCXn4tqY9pZWRWAlWcvadJUXTZvEkZm4M3gJITDzQk3BeCVWo-XcsXcxw-H5mqJC4Cqvcwx6gWrgl" style="width:505.50px;height:130.35px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Baltimore Commercial Journal, and Lyford's Price-Current</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Saturday, </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:700">Oct 05, 1839</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">, Baltimore, MD, Page: 3</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:508.00px;height:78.15px"><img alt="" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/9ctgMWNORApn--aQhp-ImzFp1cIBFatvn3KEr8qOjDrHP-7bM8M4vC_IC-3mVJx80on78tjPiJQk46Ii8k0tX5skV4YGTQ_JVTig6QgZ5EEcoelcU-klk7bl_ez1Vr1a9rNf9ocT" style="width:508.00px;height:78.15px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Baltimore Commercial Journal, and Lyford's Price-Current</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">, </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Saturday, </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:700">Mar 14, 1846,</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> Baltimore, MD, Page: 3</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">The Lombard Street meeting not only disowned Johns Hopkins. The meeting was torn by internal strife over doctrine. In the late 1820s the traveling Quaker preacher, Elias Hicks sparked an internal debate among Friends who split into two camps, Hicksite and Orthodox. The Hicksites were abolitionists in the strictest sense, even refusing to buy and market the produce of slave owners, a stand fatal to the grocery business of Johns Hopkins.</span><sup style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt6">[6]</a></sup><span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> The majority of the Lombard Street Meeting members sided with the Hicksites and in 1839, they would disown Johns Hopkins’s brother Samuel for owning slaves.</span><sup style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt7">[7]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> Many of the friends and family of Johns Hopkins, unlike Samuel who became an Episcopalian, left the Lombard Street meeting and withdrew to join the ‘Orthodox’ dissenters.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">As Phebe Jacobsen explains in her pioneering work on </span><span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Quaker Records in Maryland</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">:</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:72pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Orthodox Friends, who separated from the Hicksites at the conclusion of the Yearly Meeting in 1828, found a house on St. Paul Street to use as a place of meeting for the Baltimore Monthly Meeting for the Eastern and Western District, Baltimore Quarterly, and the Yearly Meeting. However, a new Meeting House, referred to as Courtland Street Meeting, was soon erected on a steep hill at the corner of Courtland and Saratoga Streets. In 1867, this property was sold and converted into a colored normal school. Another Meeting House was built on Eutaw Street and continued as the site of the Baltimore Monthly Meeting, Orthodox, until 1921, when it was sold.</span><sup style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt8">[8]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:712.75px;height:412.50px"><img alt="" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/o2EA-cAbvbQ_UaApX99TAZAcQ-HnxPwRFyP1UDY0nOlZ8bQl9oOEVmMP-iDwoNykfLkjtB9j9uk29HdPX1P6EbhtxK2maKMeJhS1opc11S9r4xQk7LydlcrAT9EhNZQdX0X2gfj_" style="width:712.75px;height:412.50px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">detail from the Thomas Poppleton Map of Baltimore, 1822, showing the location of the Lombard Street Meeting House</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">By 1830 the Orthodox Friends had built their own meeting house on Courtland Street, having met in rented space for approximately two years. In 1833 the Courtland Street Meeting House was listed in Varle’s guide to Baltimore along with two other meeting houses.</span><sup style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt9">[9]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">By 1836, all three Baltimore City meeting houses (Lombard Street, Cortland Street, and Aisquith Street), are found on the Fielding Lucas map of the City, along with the McKendree School House (22) and the Branch Tabernacle (P), which was the last home of the Orthodox Friends before they moved into a new meeting house on Courtland.</span><sup style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt10">[10]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:720.00px;height:437.33px"><img alt="" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/bgtI-SQxbrmgKN96Bc-KA7siwGhVXThgUTNGZwQTWOBiPLihy5oPQlsnc44VxwcBKpwSdp592q1Ls9qX4oK1EKqDY0yvwCtcZxdF1Ny1ogk0tAnvYP3Wpx6sxoBu3L29lQEvATg4" style="width:720.00px;height:437.33px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">The Orthodox Friends left the Lombard Street meeting in 1828 and went across the street to the McKendree School House, owned by the Methodists. They then established their meeting at the Branch Tabernacle on St. Paul Street until their own meeting house was built nearby on Courtland Street in 1830. Among those who left Lombard Street for the Orthodox meeting were Johns Hopkins’s uncle and aunt, Gerard T. Hopkins (1769-1834) and Dorothy Brooke Hopkins (1776-1857), who were “discontinued by relinquishing” membership in the Lombard Street meeting on the 9th of January 1829, along with several friends and family of Johns Hopkins.</span><sup style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt11">[11]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Although it is not known for certain when Johns Hopkins began attending the Orthodox Meeting, he and his friend Galloway Cheston were members in good standing by 1839, and contributed heavily to the building fund which was used in 1868 to construct the new meeting house at the corner of Eutaw and Monument Street.</span><sup style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt12">[12]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> </span><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:310.67px"><img alt="" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/_lyFvWChhvWYrA26RWV2OGro97QBbHAvX8pEl0xDIeCkQpLpBJql7LW-CCXLNq-90iq8OdArfVP6qAu_MGQfRQdRGnDO0lcBetidQ0REyzTi90s4oIuqZRnodBv5iomrZgC47EQK" style="width:624.00px;height:310.67px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1879 Sanborn map showing the former Courtland and Saratoga Meeting house, </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">by then a Normal School (colored) for teachers.</span><sup style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt13">[13]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:397.00px;height:376.95px"><img alt="" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/NwmkLn7oOjW8K6yoBlbScN5rqSC1qXuh7RlPuKPvQ7-sdGwWrkpUzBV7iLthkuYvDbeXPfiX6wujeVsOuARW0fwnAac7fgcG_BB_Ndm5IFQZ1gx-dtZBoUGZfaV_BKHrDCLcufVv" style="width:397.00px;height:376.95px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Baltimore Sun</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">, 1867/09/04</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:453.50px;height:419.34px"><img alt="" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/KWEFvKf9VUoOnRpY7MzglspMW3tDR4QBBMAwjdIpUkOnB-DO8S0dzatK2AaXfzDku57exJJxvsAZ9lCEgrzBEKdxT_XC87YF08o0cBy7pxAAIGotShjRo4asuwnjWKMsMTb840Gc" style="width:453.50px;height:419.34px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:413.50px;height:399.58px"><img alt="" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/Dv6E8U7goDtuoE-Brnuv0Lkd5SI0jKgtFC-bP3y88uPlbRgxSj-RQw-f289hxl5SRA_0RsvgueHV04H15Yb6upleHH-rucVXLcm2Q2QzRQeLJR-5cGSzayoYvgj5m3aF53SzDHut" style="width:413.50px;height:399.58px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1879 Sanborn, detail plate 7 of the Quaker Meeting house which Johns Hopkins apparently attended.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:323.44px;height:813.50px"><img alt="" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/wzVNmRyuK1y9kacAZTJ5PF8jnCldMZVoQpIAoCrTdqeGqM9mXzFwmTWd8XNyELNssbpJKbRL9B1u9vXMXSUht2vQ6DABok3CJF5YzGIgUxkfH4GWiGfh2EsizasCsCCUavUghM8-" style="width:323.44px;height:813.50px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1879 Sanborn,plate 7 detail, JHU campus</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:479.22px;height:749.50px"><img alt="" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/nhr-_2Z_N3pjDnGNcSI4qdj_9yNSEwIR_IcuM5ul5W_J2uDsjX8AX12pGkigVXvpkDI7Zx-Y36yTW56nq0zRll3kwkWY1PuZXGT06-Ip508SqoyfEvLDQafXH-dlWLn3MRXX6KlN" style="width:479.22px;height:749.50px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">1896 Bromley Atlas, Plate 2 detail</span><hr style="page-break-before:always;display:none"></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:338.67px"><img alt="" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/iiTzG59oWqjqvFXyBfINUVf47zF_uZriV9YykpVnx7x_QBsEJrQI0_UbzGji9AkzbeI55hR2aPA1_THZrT1AefloOYcVKU6KMQUWzsEKgeNhXCLXZkhWzZm7-t1WLNhasoIa8-n5" style="width:624.00px;height:338.67px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">The corner of Eutaw and Monument from Google Maps, dated 2019</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">In 1921 the Orthodox meeting house and academy at the corner of Eutaw and Monument were sold, and by 2019 the site was a vacant lot.</span><sup style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt14">[14]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">It is clear that Johns Hopkins attended the Orthodox Meeting of Friends at the corner of Eutaw and Monument as well as the Courtland Street meeting. </span><span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">The Baltimore Sun</span><span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">’s obituary (December 25, 1873) reported at the time of his death, that he was a member of that meeting, where also a number of the initial trustees of his bequests attended, including the first president of the Board of Trustees, Galloway Cheston .</span><sup style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt15">[15]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.6;text-align:center;padding-right:0"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:498.50px;height:479.33px"><img alt="" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/D6yZEO5cmcSUM75lGW15Ue9Pawx2B4DjYQ9U4FFh9A0AICMyYZdDdqAi_pTg9YOYYK0ApcvoR_LCAiW-3d8zMrV6OZgEEs3j07Ay9IaHMjizvUvXtklKGSXf2sxFV00W-3NTnEvG" style="width:498.50px;height:479.33px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">The Baltimore Sun</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">, December 25, 1873</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">When did Johns Hopkins first begin to attend meeting with his Orthodox family and friends? By the middle 1840s he was attending with his mother, Hannah, who moved to Baltimore from the family home at Whitehall in Anne Arundel county, possibly as early as 1840, after the death of Mahlon. </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:498.50px;height:139.16px"><img alt="" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/pkHHJvLYU1LbxXMdq4nAQ7PC1lFv9QZI_zU7qyGkvIPh2le4vseshiCoOgMVeWm4yhynrh4n_kwMew_3dbH6uxPY7NliXSwEv6-yfev1QGSyX57tzUSSEk2xgiOwyhxW91U_SUzt" style="width:498.50px;height:139.16px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Mahlon Hopkins’s death was reported as far away as Maine in the </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#333333;font-weight:400">February 11, 1840 Portland, Maine, </span><span style="color:#333333;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Portland Weekly Advertiser.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#333333;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Mahlon died at the home he shared with his brother on Sharp Street</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hannah died in February 1846. Three years earlier Johns Hopkins had moved from Sharp street to a larger house, 177 West Lombard Street, possibly to accommodate his mother’s move to Baltimore. </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">At the time of her death Hannah Hopkins was well known as “a minister on the Orthodox side of Friends”.</span><sup style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt16">[16]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> As such she was a strong influence on her son. The only surviving highly personal letter in the hand of Johns Hopkins is to his mother written two months after Mahlon’s death. It was carried to his mother at Whitehall plantation by his brother Philip, a partner in Hopkins Brothers, offering to send a doctor to her for medical treatment. In it he writes that </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">I have led a life of great devotion to worldly prosperity- but in the death of my endeared brother Mahlon a total change has been brought about in my feelings… What is pass’d I have no power to undo one single act and were it not for the redeeming blood, and the divine grace of our dear redeemer where should we find any hope -- Oh my dear mother the Main of sin is strong -- and I have prayed for that grace we are told is sufficient -- may I not (in the mercy) of god have sinned away my day--</span><sup style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt17">[17]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Initially the Orthodox Courtland Street meeting was considered a small splinter group of Orthodox Quakers, according to an account of Dr. Richard H. Thomas (1853-1904) of his father’s joining the meeting. In his memoir, Dr. Thomas recalled reading a letter from his aunt Henrietta to his father (also a doctor) about paying close attention to a cousin who she felt was to be “trusted and advised with.” </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">About this time, the small orthodox party withdrew from the majority of the Yearly meeting, which as a body had agreed to recognise what were called the Hicksite separatists. A few days after, this cousin met father in the street and asked him, “Well, doctor, which side is thee intending to join?” “Really, cousin ----, I have given it very little thought. I have not decided.” “Well, thee’ll come with us, of course.” ... “ At any rate, I never would join that wretched little body of ‘orthodox’ at the McKendree School House,” sneeringly replied the other, as he walked away. …. My father said to himself, “I will at least see what this ‘wretched little body of orthodox’ is like first.” So he attended their meeting the next First-day, and was so impressed with the weighty solemnity that was over the meeting, that he decided that this was the place for him to remain, and he acted accordingly.</span><sup style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt18">[18]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">That this “wretched little body of Orthodox” was also opposed to slavery and to owning slaves, is attested to by Dr. Thomas’s memoir. His father “had courted an attractive young lady successfully,” only to discover that she intended to bring some slaves, a gift from her father, into their home. They could not come to terms and finally she had to choose between her lover and her slaves. She chose her slaves.</span><sup style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt19">[19]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">The most powerful influence on the Courtland Street Meeting and in all likelihood Johns Hopkins was the arrival of the affluent Quaker Banker from Norwich, England, Joseph John Gurney. Gurney was received with open arms by the Orthodox meeting where he wrote and published in Baltimore a reasoned attack on the majority of Baltimore Quakers who were Hicksite. It was also in Baltimore that he contemplated and later published his letter to Henry Clay in which he made it clear that Friends should favor immediate emancipation and work assiduously towards that goal including persuading the African tribes that supplied the Atlantic Slave Trade to abandon their role in feeding slaves to a global slave based economy.</span><sup style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt20">[20]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">That did not mean however that members of the Orthodox meeting that John”s Hopkins could not hire slaves or free blacks as servants or farm laborers, or for that matter trade in the produce of slave-based plantations. In 1839 Samuel, Johns Hopkins brother was disowned by the Lombard Street meeting for owning two slaves that on the 1840 census were noted as free.</span><sup style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt21">[21]</a></sup><span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> Galloway Cheston, Johns Hopkins’s closest acquaintance, and prominent member of the Courtland/Eutaw street meeting had three such servants in 1850 when he lived next door to Dr. Thomas’s father.</span><sup style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt22">[22]</a></sup><span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> That same year Johns Hopkins had four slaves listed on the slave schedule for his country estate, Clifton, District 2, Baltimore County, but they could easily have been former slaves or ultimately destined to be freed slaves, hired at wages and not ‘owned’ at all by Johns Hopkins.</span><sup style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt23">[23]</a></sup><span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> Such ‘apprenticeship’ and labor contracts were common in Maryland, a practice that did not end until 1867 when it was declared unconstitutional by Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase.</span><sup style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt24">[24]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Justice Chase was a noted radical abolitionist and a visitor to Clifton during the Civil War when he was Secretary of the Treasury in President Lincoln’s cabinet. By 1863, Johns Hopkins was a decided “emancipationist.” In 1860 the census taker could find no slaves at Clifton and Salmon P. Chase mentioned none on his visit to Clifton in 1863. Instead in his diary for September 26, 1863, Chase describes a bucolic scene followed by a dinner simple but in the best taste:</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">We reached Mr. Hopkins's about four o'clock. Only two or three of the guests had arrived, and Mr. Hopkins proposed to show us his place. We therefore accompanied him on a walk around the grounds, which are very spacious and beautiful. Extensive graperies with every variety of grapes in rich clusters; a pleasant fruit orchard, the trees of which were loaded with fruit; a vegetable garden, conveniently situated, with commodious and handsome farm buildings near, together with a lake so artistically contrived with islands, trees and shores, as to give it the appearance of great extent,—formed the principal features of this beautiful place. The whole extent of the grounds is about four hundred acres, of which perhaps sixty are used for the purpose just mentioned, while the rest are devoted to farm cultivation. Mr. Hopkins insists that though a gentleman farmer, he contrives to make both ends meet, at the close of each year. His dinner was simple, but excellently prepared and in the best taste. His dessert of grapes exceeded in beauty and variety and flavor anything I had ever seen. My indisposition condemned me to almost total abstinence, much to my regret. The guests were intelligent and substantial men, constituting, as Mr. Hopkins said, the best part of the Baltimore merchants and capitalists. And all of them earnest Union men. And nearly all, if not all, decided Emancipationists. It was about nine o'clock when we left his hospitable mansion and returned to the City, where I soon found myself established in comfortable quarters at Mr. Garrett's.</span><sup style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt25">[25]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:424.50px;height:483.36px"><img alt="" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/YRzbgW0dgRsivDNycjJ2inuWKsF8-r72NqoHnB5gsR4N1zQFBxP2Qu4ut0ziay8u_4lWqUwV2cn2ZToyMrbaLgN1BvPl1enWIPgHnTuRDKGyqNFFGdGtZioi1kJCbV6W-H0ClwKp" style="width:424.50px;height:483.36px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Sanborn Insurance Maps, 1879</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">The Garrett house on Mount Vernon Place where Salmon P. Chase stayed in 1863</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> and where George Peabody met with Johns Hopkins in 1866 or 1867</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Later Johns Hopkins would meet at the same Garrett home with George Peabody and be inspired to leave his fortune in part to found a university, a hospital and a colored orphan asylum.</span><sup style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt26">[26]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> In the last year of his life, the Black community of Baltimore came to gether to express their appreciation to Johns Hopkins and to praise him for being in the words of Isaac Meyers, </span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">...</span><span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">true to the instincts of his own nature, to the teachings of the Friends’ Society, he persevered, and declared there should be no distinction of race or color with the walls of the noble institution he has founded</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:720.00px;height:258.67px"><img alt="" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/58ZDh0iYw3crAGEk6dEtEb-h1gWszdrQ7N7KnXGRSY-fBsnXjMyIcZndJsr9q6lHsK-wj8oNEL57tD_590DQe8b0tVYVfglWov3YK__TpoKgok2l5tSW-W2wVgnxi6XVtAu0U2-Z" style="width:720.00px;height:258.67px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">The Baltimore Sun</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">, April 9, 1873</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Sadly Johns Hopkins’s dream of Clifton becoming the campus of the university he envisioned never materialized, nor did his 3-400 bed orphan asylum for colored children</span><sup style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt27">[27]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">, but his legacy does live on in a world renowned hospital and university. </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">While there is no direct evidence to date of Johns Hopkins ever owning slaves, there is no question that by 1860 he neither owned or had slaves in his employ. Indeed he favored emancipation by 1863 and supported the abolition of slavery in Maryland which took place on November 1, 1864, several months before the ratification of the 13th Amendment to the Constitution.</span><sup style="font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt28">[28]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> Even if it is established that in the years leading up to the Civil War he took on on term slaves in payment of debts owed by his Southern customers, his Orthodox Meeting, his mother, and he believed in emancipation, and in using his considerable fortune to benefit the whole population of Maryland regardless of color. How he made that fortune is a question that remains to be answered.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:right"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"></span></p></div><hr style="width:33%;height:1px"><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref1">[1]</a><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/2189/images/43154_1821100519_4983-00002?ssrc%3D%26backlabel%3DReturn&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1616280531805000&usg=AOvVaw1amgu9rlYblIVziIVLIwm0" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">U.S., Quaker Meeting Records, 1681-1935, Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore Preparative Meeting, Western District Minutes, 1823-1843</a></span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">, Ancestry.com. Link only works with a membership log on.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref2">[2]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">There is no evidence among the surviving manumission records of Samuel Hopkins, Johns Hopkin’s father ever manumitting a slave, although his first biographer, Helen Hopkins Thom (1929), asserts that Samuel freed his slaves in 1807. It is plausible that he converted his slaves to term slaves promising freedom at a specific age. </span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref3">[3]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> According to Helen Hopkins Thom, </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Johns Hopkins, a silhouette</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">, 1929, p. 28, </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">after having lived with his Uncle Gerard until the fall out over Elizabeth, Johns Hopkins moved to </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Beltzhoover’s Indian Queen Hotel, until he suffered an attack of Cholera and moved “to one of two houses on Franklin and St. Paul streets left to him by his father, taking his two brothers with him.” According to the 1835/36 Baltimore City Directory, by the time the directory was compiled, Johns Hopkins was living at Franklin Street, the second door from St Paul. There are no entries for where Johns Hopkins was living in the extant directories before the 1835/1836 directory. For the Cholera pandemic as it affected Baltimore in 1832, see: </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Baltimore City Health Department : the first thirty-five annual reports, 1815-1849</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">, Baltimore (Md.). Health Department. Baltimore : Commissioner of Health of Baltimore, Md., 1953 . There were 877 deaths from cholera in Baltimore in 1832. Of these at least 351 were colored.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref4">[4]</a><span style="font-size:9pt"> </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Baltimore Preparative Meeting [Lombard Street], Western District,Minutes, 1823-1843, images 40,43. Ancestry.com. Johns Hopkins attended the wedding of Mary Hopkins, daughter of Gerard T. Hopkins, to Benjamin P. Moore as one of the required witnesses. </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/2189/images/43154_1821100519_4988-00068?ssrc%3D%26backlabel%3DReturn&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1616280531804000&usg=AOvVaw0b7s2s2m1FiGmUxRk_ek8w" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank"> May 21, 1817 at Lombard Street Meeting.</a></span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref5">[5]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">See for example the 40 barrels of whiskey dispatched to Philadelphia on the Schooner Elizabeth Jane, </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Baltimore Commercial Journal and Lyford’s Prices Current</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> for 10/05/1839, also </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">The American and Commercial Daily Advertiser </span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">for May 28, 1847.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref6">[6]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#202122;font-weight:400">Elias Hicks (1834). </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#bb6633;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DCQEqAAAAYAAJ%26q%3Dslaves%2Bproperty%26pg%3DPA9&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1616280531804000&usg=AOvVaw15T8nloKwxlyrLZsAu4XiY" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">Letters of Elias Hicks, Observations on the Slavery of Africans and Their Descendents, (1811)</a></span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#202122;font-weight:400">. Isaac T. Hopper. pp. 11, 12.</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9.5pt;color:#202122">.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref7">[7]</a><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1839 is an important year for the family of Johns Hopkins. Many withdrew from the Lombard Street Meeting that year and moved to the Orthodox meeting on Courtland Street. Samuel may have been read out of meeting for owning slaves, but according to the family genealogy he also could have been discontinued for marrying an Episcopalian,and was buried as such. It is also debatable whether or not he actually owned slaves. In the 1840 census he had two free Blacks in his household and no slaves.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref8">[8]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Jacobsen, Phebe R. </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Quaker Records in Maryland</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">. Annapolis: Hall of Records Commission, State of Maryland, 1966, p. 93. Phebe was instrumental in having the extant Quaker records in Maryland microfilmed and provided this excellent Guide to those records. While most of the records have been removed to Haverford and Swarthmore, the microfilm remains in the custody of the Maryland State Archives where they have been imaged and are available on Archives computers.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref9">[9]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Varle, Charles. </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">A Complete View of Baltimore, with a Statistical Sketch: Of All the Commercial, Mercantile, Manufacturing, Literary, Scientific, and Religious Institutions and Establishments, in the Same and in Its Vicinity for Fifteen Miles Around, Derived from Personal Observation and Research into the Most Authentic Sources of Information</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">. Baltimore, Maryland: Samuel Young, 1833, p</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref10">[10]</a><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">The Hicksite Lombard Street meeting remained on Lombard Street until 1887, when, after the default of the meeting’s treasurer (he misplaced over $6,000), it was sold to a merchant who leased or sold the building to Warder, Bushnell & Glessner, who appear on the 1896 Bromley Atlas of Baltimore City. See </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">The Daily Sentinel</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> (Garden City, Kansas, June 1, 1887, p. 1, for an account of the treasurer’s default. While the predecessor firm of International Harvester farm machinery, Warder, Busnell & Glessner, are long gone from what was 307 West Lombard Street. the name Warder lives on in Baltimore. The Baltimore city police department has a series of crime scenes in miniature created by the only daughter of John Warder which are used in the instruction of detectives on the force. See: </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/the-woman-who-invented-forensics-training-with-doll-houses&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1616280531807000&usg=AOvVaw0g430cuXW21dUvwsuzu38L" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">https://www.newyorker.com/<wbr>culture/culture-desk/the-<wbr>woman-who-invented-forensics-<wbr>training-with-doll-houses</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">. The first substantial building housing the Friends School, now on North Charles Street, was constructed in front of the Lombard Street Meeting House. See </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Dean R. Esslinger, Friends for Two Hundred Years, 1983, When the Lombard Street Meeting House property was sold in 1887, Friends School moved with the meeting to their new home on Park Avenue.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref11">[11]</a><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> for the obituary for Gerard T. Hopkins, see: BALTIMORE PATRIOT & MERCANTILE ADVERTISER, Saturday, Mar 29, 1834, Baltimore, MD, Vol: XLII Issue: 251, Page: 3. For Dorothy Brooke Hopkins see: the</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> Baltimore Sun, </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Wednesday, Dec 16, 1857, Baltimore, MD, Vol: XLII, Issue: 25, Page: 2. For a recent analysis of PROPERTIES OF MEETINGS IN BALTIMORE YEARLY MEETINGS, see; </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.swarthmore.edu/Library/friends/BYM/Property.pdf&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1616280531802000&usg=AOvVaw3WvjE4w4qb1mVqnNPqexlN" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">http://www.swarthmore.edu/<wbr>Library/friends/BYM/Property.<wbr>pdf</a></span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">. The author notes the removal of the dissident members of the Lombard Street meeting, see: Thomas C. Hill (815 Old Turner Mountain Lane Charlottesville, VA 22901-6355, </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="mailto:QuakerTomHill@gmail.com" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">QuakerTomHill@gmail.com</a></span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">). Richard Townsend in his diary records the initial departure from the Lombard Street meeting that took place in 1828:</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">our Yearly Meeting came on; and at this session, the two parties, into which the Society had been steadily forming itself, during the past five years, divided and separated* The orthodox party, however, very small in number, went off by themselves during the Session of the Yearly Meeting:- into the McKendrean School House; on the N. side of Lombard Street; about a square above, where the old Yearly Meeting, was sitting. ... </span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"></span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">On the ensuing First day, after the Yearly Meeting, the orthodox - who it appears had determined, fully to separate from Friends;- opened their first public meeting, in the Branch Tabernacle; on St. Paul Street;- a sort of half school-house, half meeting-house; built by the late Charles Garfield, and rented by them, of him:- The names of the principal persons, Baltimoreans, males, who left our Yearly Meeting, at this time:- were Gerard T. Hopkins, Jacob Tyson, James Gillingham, Daniel Cobb, George Williamson, William Dallam, Nicholas Popplein, Hugh Balderston, Ennion Williams, Isaac Brooks, William W. Handy, Samuel Carey, William Procter, Joseph King, Junior. Besides these, there were some who had once been members of Society: and were in the habit of attending Friends meetings:-Ely Balderston, Samuel Harris,Samuel Wilson, of In., Daniel Howland, Thomas Wilson, of In. Here they continued, perhaps a year, in the Tabernacle; when they built the meeting house they now occupy, at the corner of Courtland and Saratoga Streets</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">,</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> Townsend Diary transcripts, Enoch Pratt Library, pp. 125-127.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> </span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref12">[12]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Perhaps it was no coincidence that the meeting's new home would prove to be within a short walking distance of what would become the first campus of the University Johns Hopkins so richly endowed and which bears his name.Mallonee, Barbara C. et. al</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">. Minute By Minute. A History of the Baltimore Monthly Meetings of Friends Homewood and Stony Run</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">. Baltimore, Maryland: Baltimore Monthly Meetings of Friends, 1992, pp., 61-62. Curiously, ECP's copy of this book was the one inscribed by the authors and presented to the Milton S. Eisenhower Library of the Johns Hopkins University “in celebration of the contribution of Baltimore Quakers to the life of the University”. It was purchased by ECP from Wonder Books in December, 2020.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref13">[13]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">see: </span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">deed from the Meeting to Trustees of Normal School for Teachers (1868) including Francis King, John W. Locks, BALTIMORE CITY SUPERIOR COURT (Land Records) 1868-1868 GR 367, pp. 0149-0150 [2 images] MSA CE 168-375, on Block 604, BALTIMORE CITY SUPERIOR COURT (Block Book) 1851-1886, 596-615, p. 0163 MSA CE 9-26.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"></span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref14">[14]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Eutaw Street Meeting, acquired and sold: Baltimore City Land Records, 1864/03/02 AM 2246/156-157; 1918/01/05 SCL 3179/385; 1921/5/4 SCL 3721/426-427 with covenant not to sell to Negroes for at least seven years …. These land records can be found on </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://mdlandrec.net&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1616280531805000&usg=AOvVaw2IsywTfJCYw2no_Z7VFWvs" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">http://mdlandrec.net</a></span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">. The ground rents for the property were extinguished in 1877 according to </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">The Baltimore Sun</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">, March 27,1877, p. 4.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref15">[15]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">I am indebted to Stan Becker for his assistance in helping untangle the records of the two Orthodox meetings, Lombard and Courtland/Eutaw as they related to the meeting that Johns Hopkins attended after his .</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref16">[16]</a><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> Townsend Diary, p. 352, Enoch Pratt Library Transcripts</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref17">[17]</a><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> <a href="https://medicalarchivescatalog.jhmi.edu/jhmi_permalink.html?key=276434" target="_blank">https://<wbr>medicalarchivescatalog.jhmi.<wbr>edu/jhmi_permalink.html?key=<wbr>276434</a></span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref18">[18]</a><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Thomas, Richard Henry, Anna Braithwaite Thomas, and Robert B. Warder. </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Richard H. Thomas, M.D. Life and Letters</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">. London: Headley Bros, 1905, pp. 53-54.</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:8.5pt">.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref19">[19]</a><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"> Ibid.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref20">[20]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> See: Martha Schoolman & Jared Hickman (2011) Atlantic Studies, Atlantic Studies, 8:2, 133-140, DOI: 10.1080/14788810.2011.565553, </span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#1155cc;text-decoration:underline"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://doi.org/10.1080/14788810.2011.565553&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1616280531811000&usg=AOvVaw1idZOiCrNHdwroWCufcbq-" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1080/<wbr>14788810.2011.565553</a></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"></span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref21">[21]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Samuel Hopkins, Johns Hopkins’s brother and partner in the sale of spirituous liquors was read out of meeting for “ having in his family two slaves” (Minutes of the 1839 Baltimore Monthly Meeting of Eastern and Western Districts, p 521. I am grateful to Stan Becker for this reference. </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33S7-9YYV-38RL?i%3D102%26cc%3D1786457%26personaUrl%3D%252Fark%253A%252F61903%252F1%253A1%253AXHT5-4MK&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1616280531809000&usg=AOvVaw1CDJF1Lr9UA8mCXep9wUOv" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">By the 1840 census the two ‘slaves’ were noted as ‘free’.</a></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"></span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref22">[22]</a><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-6GYW-Q36?i%3D107%26cc%3D1401638%26personaUrl%3D%252Fark%253A%252F61903%252F1%253A1%253AMD4Z-MJQ&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1616280531806000&usg=AOvVaw375ZfZsNb0zov7VzcfxAt-" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">1850, U.S. Census, 13th Ward, Baltimore City.</a></span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> The most exhaustive work to date on Quakers and Slavery is Thomas Edward Drake. . </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Quakers and Slavery in America</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">. New Haven: Yale Univ. Pr, 1950. See especially his assessment of the Orthodox Quakers in 1829 on Slavery, 134, their rejection of the radical views of English Quakers, 143, and the matter of buying only free produce, 172-173. Clearly not all Orthodox Quakers, particularly those in Virginia and Baltimore, favored buying only produce produced by free labor, but the Orthodox Friends stood firm against slavery and the ownership of slaves. See Professor Drake, p 134, citing </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">The Testimony of the Society of Friends on the continent of America</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> (Philadelphia, 1830), p. 29.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref23">[23]</a><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> The instructions to the census takers used the term “slaves’ broadly to encompass any Black workers they found that could not produce proof they were ‘free’. In this era of absolutes, care must be taken in asserting who did or did not ‘own’ slaves and what their attitudes were towards ending slavery. The evidence to date as to whether or not Johns Hopkins of University fame owned slaves is inconclusive at best. There were contemporary Johns Hopkins, one in Prince George's County and the other on York Road in Baltimore County who did own slaves. The latter was a Quaker who despite his ownership of slaves was buried in the Friends cemetery on Harford Road. Being a Quaker, even some who attended a Hicksite meeting, did not mean being an immediate or radical abolitionist of the ilk of William Lloyd Garrison. </span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref24">[24]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Johns Hopkins father had at least one such contract in 1897 for two young negroes who were to learn the trade of planter before they were freed at the age of 21. See: </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://exhibits.library.jhu.edu/omeka-s/s/johnshopkinsbiographicalarchive/item/2862&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1616280531809000&usg=AOvVaw2wQGOF6pmbZkNUZr-_wCGe" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">https://exhibits.library.jhu.<wbr>edu/omeka-s/s/<wbr>johnshopkinsbiographicalarchiv<wbr>e/item/2862</a></span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">. See: Stephen T. Whitman, </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">The Price of Freedom: Slavery and Manumission in Baltimore and Early National Maryland</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">. New York: Routledge, 2000, and Stephen T. Whitman, </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Challenging Slavery in the Chesapeake: Black and White Resistance to Human Bondage</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">, 1775-1865. Baltimore: Maryland Historical Society, 2007. <<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=O5B4AAAAMAAJ" target="_blank">http://books.google.com/<wbr>books?id=O5B4AAAAMAAJ</a>></span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref25">[25]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">The Salmon P. Chase Papers, VOLUME 1, Journals, 1829—1872, John Niven, Editor, James P. McClure, Senior Associate Editor, Leigh Johnsen, Associate Editor’ William M. Ferraro, Assistant Editor, Steve Leikin, Assistant Editor, The Kent State University Press, 1993</span><span style="font-size:10pt">, </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">p. 455. </span><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Garrett’s home was 50 Mount Vernon Place, today 12 East Mount Vernon Place , the same house in which Johns Hopkins would later meet with George Peabody (1866/67) and, according to one author, was inspired to create the University, the Hospital and the Orphanage for Colored Orphans. “George Peabody, 1795-1869: His Influence on Educational Philanthropy”, by Franklin Parker, Peabody Journal of Education, Vol. 78, No. 2 (2003), p. 112. Parker’s article is not entirely factual. He asserts Hopkins was married, but he was not. I am indebted to Lance Humphries for the information about Garrett’s Mount Vernon residence in 1863 and 1866/67.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref26">[26]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Ibid.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"></span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref27">[27]</a><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> <a href="http://www.rememberingbaltimore.net/2020/12/whatever-happened-to-birdie-shine.html" target="_blank">http://www.<wbr>rememberingbaltimore.net/2020/<wbr>12/whatever-happened-to-<wbr>birdie-shine.html</a></span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref28">[28]</a><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> The fifteen Amendment was passed by Congress in January 1865 and ratified on December 6, 1865. Maryland abolished with the adoption of a new State Constitution which went into effect on November 1, 1864. See: </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://msa.maryland.gov/msa/speccol/sc2600/sc2685/html/conv1864.html&sa=D&source=editors&ust=1616280531810000&usg=AOvVaw2_FvwHzaR4UsipN33XXlV9" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">https://msa.maryland.gov/msa/<wbr>speccol/sc2600/sc2685/html/<wbr>conv1864.html</a></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p></div></div></body></html>ecpcliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01498580508411177787noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1033015240460437200.post-45592425532965888052021-01-29T08:03:00.004-08:002022-10-21T17:25:13.132-07:00Frederick Douglass, the Edmondson Sisters, and Macedon, New York<html><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><style></style></head><body><div class="m_doc-content" style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:72pt 72pt 72pt 72pt;max-width:468pt"><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:17pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Baltimore, Maryland, </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:17pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Rochester, and Macedon New York: </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:17pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Frederick Douglass and the Edmondson Sisters </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">as an introduction to</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:17pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">The First Volume of the Town Records </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">of Macedon, New York (1823-1851)</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">by</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:22.92px;height:22.92px"><img alt="" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/MTSWzmkjwzfO7el8BIzHQiNYHGyILFL1L9ZgrEbMFua115vYKWtKHx6prQcascvMWMI6NwyAU0hqpGY25xgEQ6qpbqau8AxikkHeSeg0sBNme4wXUlE21YLfKPIxOJcBRXIQZkQInKmeU_jS6BI-yKoGV-V7qt_QG8GerKRbCcdibCxBESlw6UwX" style="width:22.92px;height:22.92px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Dr. Edward C. Papenfuse</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Maryland State Archivist and Commissioner of Land Patents, retired</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:606.67px"><img alt="1853 H. F. Walling, wall map of Wayne County, N. Y.; Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division copy" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/WV8CQ3mIk4c5lOvdhznmki9iFebNZzdAjaVXidK6hOlPB27gxaUmuJMeHdlQj_V1X3PI1Z6uGbPMVLvsPzn4AGdmqKwapLFT2-Pw2Pd50bgBWGmvFns_eKDvDYgTHM2Kh6OxJonyMFy-jQXny8ot0n_t08SeT6tBZpgm7OYAEpNykuhgex7lc3s1" style="width:624.00px;height:606.67px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Macedon, 1853</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">detail from </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.loc.gov/item/2009579478/%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1666401532374029%26usg%3DAOvVaw2zKR4GEcmYV_jsdBCW9DWn&source=gmail-html&ust=1666484658265000&usg=AOvVaw1SBC8GTgjxz_xfLNnDyVjp" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://www.loc.gov/item/<wbr>2009579478/</a></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">All meaningful history is local in nature. It is through local connections and local examples that the fabric of American Society is best explained and understood as long as they are connected and placed in the context of the collective history of the nation. Macedon New York did not exist in isolation. Those who lived and worked there, and those who passed through, left trails of connectivity to the major and minor issues of the day. In the period covered by this first volume of the Macedon Town Records, there are are ties to model philosophies of local government, general education, and the ultimately successful efforts to remove the stain of slavery from the nation that deserve further exploration and accurate story telling.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:300.00px"><img alt="Macedon, N. Y. Town Records, first recorded meeting" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/AZWuW1zMOcm6Emh7wkQH5g-bBUdJBKrXOdYDBXs9NRN3ZMfpvQSATf3qFmYiSrlDSWS9wOBZ0jtxzL82A4aRdT61VrNjWArLXj-qf0N5Ch30ZUweBqNy3J6k8mLemrCMeyPXyE9YQTwYj4xBdIkggJh4FmvZMUIZRBgEg6u1RBCRvZ-luC3E1SqL" style="width:624.00px;height:300.00px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">This mold-stained, water damaged volume of the first records of the town of Macedon is a survivor, symbolic of the resilience of the local body politic to changing times. Most of it is nearly legible, despite its neglect over the years. Salvaged once in the1970s and used to convince a local congressman to sponsor legislation designed to save it and other precious public records from further decay, the legislation passed to great fanfare, only to see this volume relegated to a bottom drawer in a file cabinet where it was later inundated by water from a nearby bathroom. Sally Millick, working with Judy Gravino, the Macedon town clerk, and others who realized the importance of the history it contained, were determined that this time the volume would get proper attention and a permanent archival home. A conservator cleaned and stabilized the contents. Kirtas Technologies, Inc., with support from the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter Day Saints, scanned the pages for the bound volume reprint edition of which this introduction is a part. The Maryland State Archives, scanned the conserved pages for an on-line ebook, and rebound the original in protective polyester for the Town of Macedon as a permanent memorial to a former Macedon Town Attorney, Supervisor, and Wayne County District Attorney, John M. Wilson, and his aunt Sara E. Wilson, who, in the 1960s, saved it from being lost altogether.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">The journey to save this priceless volume documenting the first decades of town government in Macedon New York began for me in 1962 with the sudden death of my uncle John M. Wilson who had just been elected district attorney for Wayne County. He had given Sara E. Wilson the volume along with </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://mdhistory.msa.maryland.gov/macedon_ny/macedon_ny_town_records/html/msa_sc5861_1_1abbyy8.pdf%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1666401532375461%26usg%3DAOvVaw2LLAltPAZHzqMskUUfoq-6&source=gmail-html&ust=1666484658265000&usg=AOvVaw3v8NPOvGuS_-aJ1Szn_vXj" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">a 1904 atlas</a></span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""> and an </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://mdhistory.msa.maryland.gov/macedon_ny/macedon_ny_town_records/html/msa_sc5861_2_1_abbyy8.pdf%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1666401532375963%26usg%3DAOvVaw0SrH4DBdvePtAp3qPYJJhD&source=gmail-html&ust=1666484658265000&usg=AOvVaw1vQOvqFU13QspWTlAX4i2S" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">1877 history of Wayne County</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> for safekeeping, which she in turn passed on to me to see to their preservation and use. </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:774.67px"><img alt="Palmyra Courier Journal, January 4, 1974" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/gbtwnDbkLPObF6ToOxtbihKJZV0ob2CzRrF0CxUfgGKOUH_tVkbQbOWzjB3HQ6UrciHx-FN7MXTfx2H1RiBR0goOSdzyahEaGQtt7nUZXs_VmkkQaFm6Kff0f1IFCTobkWaUpJgYtf5udNKnaIx4oqOXHvnIBo9djSNRyLE-sx3QnOQnlWvhnm-B" style="width:624.00px;height:774.67px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">In 1973 my career path led to becoming the Assistant State Archivist for Maryland, after having worked in the offices of Congresswoman Jessica McCullough Weis and Frank Horton (both of whom represented Macedon in Congress), and at the American Historical Association (AHA). While at the AHA, I served as liaison and staff to a committee headed by Charles Lee, Archivist of South Carolina, that was determined to expand the role of the National Historical Publications Commission (NHPC) to include the preservation of records, particularly state and local records. I convinced my former employer, Frank Horton, the then ranking minority member on the Government Operations Committee of the House of Representatives, to co-sponsor the legislation in the House along with his chairman. I was able to do so in part by showing him this volume and suggesting that once I had it properly boxed at my own expense, he might want to give it back to the town in a special ceremony at the dedication of the then new canal park on July 3, 1973. He liked the idea and combined the presentation back to the town with a press release explaining the importance of the new legislation placing the 'R' in the NHPC. Unfortunately the recipients, the Macedon Historical Society, did not have the resources at the time to care for it properly, and eventually it was relegated to a bottom drawer of a file cabinet at their headquarters that became rusted shut after a plumbing accident.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">While not all the pages of the volume are legible here, the recent advances in technology raise hopes that even more will be readable in the future once the techniques of imaging have been refined by Roger Easton, Bill Christens-Barry, Fennella France, and their colleagues. Fortunately the ink used in the writing of the volume has left a residue that may be possible to extract in greater detail, although the process at the moment needs further testing and is currently very expensive. </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">The journey of the town records from Macedon to Maryland and back, is the story of the quest to preserve permanently the rich local history of the past and to place it in the context of the struggle to establish a government responsive to the needs and dreams of all its citizens.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">The volume itself is but a bare outline of the concerns and actions of local town government in Macedon from 1823, when it was part of Ontario County, until the prosperous pre-civil war years of the 1850s, by which time it had been incorporated into Wayne County. It records the outcome of local elections and provides insight into who was charged with administering local affairs including the assessment of property and the collection of taxes. Cattle and sheep marks are recorded to help recognize who owned wandering animals and to help prevent theft. It concerns itself with roads, schools and the outline of who was elected to conduct the town's business from 1823 to 1851. Clearly the emphasis in this volume is keeping the roads in good order, resolving disputes over where roads ran, and meeting the educational requirements of the State which called for uniform school districts with overseers, supervisors, standard text books and an accounting of the students served. Indeed periodically the text books to be found in the school district libraries were listed in this volume. My grandmother Pearl Wilson (sister-in-law of Sara E. Wilson) was the last teacher at Macedon District #4 school house. She salvaged a couple of the original texts from the trash which she passed on to me, including a well worn copy of one of arithmetic primers listed in the earliest accounting of texts (Nathan Daboll's </span><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Schoolmaster's Assistant</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> owned by Orran Green of Macedon), and book no. 67, District No. 4, which is an 1840 history of Spain and Portugal featuring a glowing chapter on the period of African rule over Spain. </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">The traditions of education and local government found here are largely New England in origin with the town meeting at the center of local affairs, the town clerk charged with recording all actions of the meeting, and the justices of the peace left to keep the peace among neighbors. Yet no matter how bare the outline, the stories this volume helps tell of family and place, and their geographical reach is far greater than it first might seem.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Macedon and its residents in the period covered by this volume were active players in the movement to abolish slavery and promote citizenry among all Americans regardless of color. The Erie Canal brought farmers and nurserymen to the town with its fulfilled promise of affordable transportation of goods and services. Crops, fruits, and manufactured goods made their way to Albany and beyond. It was a time of growth and optimism in which religion played a major role. Macedon was in what came to be known as the 'burnt over region' for the large number of proselytizing religious groups that lived there. Among them were the Quakers who allied themselves with the increasingly activist and vocal anti-slavery movement.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">The Quaker emphasis was on education, improving responsive and responsible local government, and a political end to slavery. Their chief supporter in all these efforts in Macedon was Gerrit Smith who brought his Liberty Party Convention to Macedon in June of 1847, and </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://www.librarything.com/work/1193952/book/57661805%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1666401532378345%26usg%3DAOvVaw3nFnXDdvaphJRGSBkZyAMq&source=gmail-html&ust=1666484658265000&usg=AOvVaw1XjAOmA0U25Jz61exp3t5L" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Frederick Douglass</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">, the former slave from Maryland who moved to Rochester the following December. In Macedon, Gerrit Smith was allied with Asa Smith and his son William R. Smith, who lived across from each other on what is now the Victor road . The house has been identified as still standing by local historians Charles Lenhart and Marjorie Perez. It clearly deserves recognition on the National Register of Historic places, as well as an explanation on the New York web site devoted to the underground railroad. Sally Millick, Charles Lenhart, Wayne County historian Peter Evans, former Wayne County Historian Marjorie Perez and Sue Jane Evans of the Pultneyville Historical Society in fact deserve enormous credit and praise for their efforts to rediscover the Abolitionists, Underground Railroad agents and Afro-American history in Wayne County. Without their aid and careful research the importance of the connections between Macedon and Maryland would remain broken and forgotten.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:468.00px"><img alt="photo by Edward C. Papenfuse, 2009" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/4F0MMbVziy_ItT2XhfDJn69gUFp7oTYVlUfw19dsdblLMk9SSQtgjHfNgQg-z7c7L20_lWxh1ucowKdOnnfvwgfNQatPzOzo8g3oSAtKaUkuDiB1I_WcHHvJruVQTWhAvwWhWVNgssdaR4w7ll_kyLLxMM8YhwIKyQDNWcm8sV0cYcYG1NO6GlnA" style="width:624.00px;height:468.00px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.google.com/maps/@43.0497395,-77.3363091,3a,15y,149.4h,89.41t/data%253D!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sWbFJHZNGLt8mszixXhPvUg!2e0!7i16384!8i8192%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1666401532379272%26usg%3DAOvVaw2Mg-hDZQJDEBZ3o5b9_hPo&source=gmail-html&ust=1666484658265000&usg=AOvVaw3w1hozr-r12IjfE42-r3z8" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://www.google.com/maps/@<wbr>43.0497395,-77.3363091,3a,15y,<wbr>149.4h,89.41t/data=!3m6!1e1!<wbr>3m4!1sWbFJHZNGLt8mszixXhPvUg!<wbr>2e0!7i16384!8i8192</a></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">With backing from Gerrit Smith and personal visits from Douglass, William R. Smith opened a school in his home for runaway slaves and former slaves to aid them on their way to freedom in Canada and to prepare some who remained for the Abolitionist lecture circuit, part of the 7,000 sought by the Liberty Party as teachers and civil activists. Willliam R. Smith would later be the unsuccessful Liberty Party candidate for governor of New York, and would fall victim to the stringent Fugitive Slave Law that came in 1850 as a Southern reaction to the increasing success of the underground railroad movement in arousing the ire and fear of slave owners with regard to the loss of their labor force. </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:729.33px"><img alt="" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/1RBk2IlTb0x1rL3mQt3kEQ3n3Aog0LI9deadQjJjjeClSjAt8EdLbNE98Sy4QAW9hGbDkjTgVRRO3b72cvDBiDkYQi9H5dNGgCyFilRcTmetieyg0pJOoBQ_8Wg8sE5R9-asj_Hs5bKoh6N1ATCYxEGFwhbi3dp-suqeRoyOzoRhdAftFRe71wcr" style="width:624.00px;height:729.33px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">detail from: </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://www.loc.gov/item/2009579478/%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1666401532380139%26usg%3DAOvVaw1S60DvX1e1mOOA3VUz6kW2&source=gmail-html&ust=1666484658265000&usg=AOvVaw1Y-ZxOb7oySdZg9hKXHnu9" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://www.loc.gov/item/<wbr>2009579478/</a></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Gerrit Smith's allies took a different tact from the abolitionists led by William Lloyd Garrison (himself a former Marylander whose mother continued to live in Baltimore until her death). Garrison believed the Constitution created slavery and ought to be ignored, instructing his supporters to not participate in the political process, but to work to overthrow it. Gerrit Smith believed in working within the system to a degree, mounting a political party of his own, and ultimately serving a term in Congress as an independent. As he did not recognize human beings as property, he conscienced aiding and abetting their escape from slavery, working at the same time to change the laws that legitimized the institution in some states, and to mount a campaign of education that would unlock the minds and promote the citizenry of the enslaved.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">For four days in June, 1847, the town of Macedon was </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://mdhistory.msa.maryland.gov/macedon_ny/macedon_ny_town_records/html/macedon_convention_1847_lc_copy.pdf%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1666401532380875%26usg%3DAOvVaw31JXfuGTjTL_rKjY40uBco&source=gmail-html&ust=1666484658265000&usg=AOvVaw3inzCs-joqf_w-cc52TjBJ" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">the center of the political universe</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">, at least for those abolitionists who had formed their own political movement which they called the Liberty Party. There they nominated Gerrit Smith for President of the United States. Their proposed reforms extended to the abolition of the post office monopoly opening it up to competition, a measure that would not be enacted for over another century, but their main issue was slavery. "We hold slavery to be illegal and unconstitutional, and that the Federal Government is bound to secure its abolition by the guaranty, to every State in this Union, of a republican form of government. If the South demurs, let her, peacefully, withdraw from the Union." "Give us seven thousand men in this great nation who will hold up by their votes and their teachings, the great fundamental principles and objects of civil government, as God and nature have established them, and we are fully persuaded that it will be the most powerful political party in the nation or the world. It will be a great teacher of the long neglected but vitally important sciences of civil government, of political morality, of political economy."</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">William R. Smith was inspired by the principles set forth by the Liberty Party, and would stand as its candidate for Governor, but he was also a man of action who believed that education was the key to good citizenship. Throughout this volume there is a constant refrain that there were no colored students attending Macedon schools, yet they were taught at William R. Smith's home on the Victor road. Because the Macedon school for free and runaway Negroes founded by William R. Smith, and funded by the Presidential candidate of the Liberal Party, Gerrit Smith, was, in the eyes of Federal law, illegal when it aided runaway slaves, little has survived of the actual records of the school. It is known that in 1848 Smith taught the two recently freed Edmondson sisters, seen below in plaid wraps and bonnets, at a Liberal Party/Abolitionist rally attended by Frederick Douglass.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:753.33px"><img alt="owned by the Getty Museum from the Collection of Jackie Napoleon Wilson" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/_psxlvUyQgvZghl7WxV8ftTlupZhNLY0VnSEsaG1PWxE4bAl5bpFuKYVKfAxlOQDa-yf1bYauX5ZbeWv1Tzq94TqivyK2CxyqikP-mznP04Hd3b5P5pHJ9QbTwdlpDV5IiSeGHCxnG0v7FvWf7jxjmLJfLnA7GdEUUdJMS_JCLvX5b0WK17LyA5R" style="width:624.00px;height:753.33px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttps://npg.si.edu/object/npg_L_NPG.19.95%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1666401532381710%26usg%3DAOvVaw1spQ8rAlH1pma-YdmfSJ6R&source=gmail-html&ust=1666484658265000&usg=AOvVaw2ZvrPHvCyhMY90iMnsJ0kk" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://npg.si.edu/object/npg_<wbr>L_NPG.19.95</a></span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">William R. Smith also welcomed Myrtilla Minor to his home and school as possibly a teacher or at least to be inspired by her association with him and his friends. From </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://www.clements.umich.edu/womened/PlainNJFriendsRead.html%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1666401532382114%26usg%3DAOvVaw3UdXnebyxfW7-waz0CcewZ&source=gmail-html&ust=1666484658265000&usg=AOvVaw1IdXUnt4UUpGlMpen3cW3r" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">correspondence on line from the Clements Library</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> written from Macedon, Minor outlined her future plans as a teacher. She went on, with support from abolitionist friends, to found the first school for Free Blacks in the District of Columbia, where she was joined for a time by Emily Edmon[d]son.</span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">It is also known that William R. Smith had a close working relationship with Frederick Douglass, and probably played a role with the Gerrit Smith and Amy Post families in weaning him away from the radical abolitionist policies of William Lloyd Garrison to the ideals of Smith and the Liberty Party. It is not known when Frederick Douglass first met William R. Smith, but by September 11, 1849, he was writing from Macedon on his way to attend the funeral of Hannah Sexton, wife of a prominent Quaker Banker who held mortgages on many of the farms and nurseries in Macedon and Palmyra. At least one letter survives from William R. Smith to Douglass in the fall of 1851 which was published in the Frederick Douglass' Paper, when Smith was deeply immersed in the William Chaplin case. In July 1852, Douglass probably went to Smith's house in Macedon to "spend a day ...with a view to aid him in drawing up a statement of the facts in the case [of William Chaplin's default in raising repayment of the bond for his release from prison]."</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">The story of the Macedon Abolitionists, Frederick Douglass, the Edmon[d]son sisters and Willliam Chaplin are very much a part of the fabric of the history encompassed by these town minutes. William R. Smith served as Inspector of the Common Schools in 1833, 1837, and 1838, and at times an overseer of the roads. William R. Smith's father, Asa, appears in the records as one of the first Assessors as well as often as an overseer of the roads, and as a Commissioner and Inspector of Common Schools. To obtain a fuller account of Macedon's participation in the effort to abolish slavery, the record needs to be expanded to encompass the lives of those that Gerrit and William R. Smith took under their wings, sheltering and seeking to teach them to read, write, and be well informed citizens. The road to freedom leads back to Maryland, where the citizens of Macedon came face to face with the evils of slavery and engaged their enemy. The records they left behind not only document the road to freedom, they provide an expanded insight into the operations of the legal system in Maryland and the charitable giving of Marylanders in a State where slavery was legal until 1864, and supporters of slavery controlled most aspects of the political world.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">Two good books have been written about the ship </span><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Pearl</span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">, one by </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://www.librarything.com/work/2580026/book/12671770%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1666401532383035%26usg%3DAOvVaw1MBtpBHr81swUqT0FhL3fP&source=gmail-html&ust=1666484658265000&usg=AOvVaw1UdclCuNKkthqF0SJXOO-c" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Josephine F. Pacheco</a></span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""> and the other by </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://www.librarything.com/work/2346689/book/40508636%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1666401532383312%26usg%3DAOvVaw3JYpufkoR05ajEOl0pThP1&source=gmail-html&ust=1666484658265000&usg=AOvVaw3dV7iAGX-4rslCSk1eQFaV" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Mary Kay Ricks</a></span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">. Abolitionists chartered it with the intent of aiding slaves working in Washington D. C. to escape to freedom. In the Spring of 1848 seventy-six slaves fled on </span><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Pearl</span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">, but were caught on the Potomac by a chasing steamship when the wind failed. On board were the Edmon[d]son sisters, Mary and Emily, children of a free black Maryland farmer and his slave wife (slavery descended through the mother). As punishment for attempting to escape, the sisters were about to be sold into prostitution at New Orleans, when they were purchased with funds raised by the Abolitionists who had encouraged them to flee in the first place. Further fund raising efforts by such as Henry Ward Beecher, brother to the future author of </span><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Uncle Tom's Cabin</span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">, to assist in their education, floundered until a benefactor, possibly General William Chaplin, came to their aid, sending them in 1849 to attend William R. Smith's school in Macedon. Chaplin in turn became more aggressive in his efforts to free Washington slaves, aiding Garland and Allen, the body servants of Congressman Robert Augustus Toombs and Senator Alexander H. Stephens to escape by coach one night in the summer of 1850, probably on their way to William R. Smith's farm. They were caught on the edge of the District of Columbia, and shots were fired. Ultimately it was determined that they had passed into Maryland (the penalties were harsher there) and jurisdiction over the case was transferred to Maryland courts. William R. Smith wrote </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://mdhistory.msa.maryland.gov/macedon_ny/macedon_ny_town_records/html/chaplin__may_collection_cornell.pdf%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1666401532383941%26usg%3DAOvVaw0BZhAjFPJS_3HNkNRG6yfY&source=gmail-html&ust=1666484658265000&usg=AOvVaw04GlEyZc9ZuUa7EBWtXdxv" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">a spirited defense</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> of his erstwhile friend Chaplin, attacking the Maryland court system and complaining that excessive bail was used as an unconstitutional deterrent. When Chaplin refused to raise funds to help pay back the bond that set him free (nearly $2,000 in a day when a normal bond for allegedly attempting to steal property would not have exceeded $250), Smith and Frederick Douglass pondered what they should do next. It was to no avail. In the meantime, Congress had passed the fugitive slave law which meant that those aiding and abetting escaped slaves faced harsh punishment and the effective use of the courts to suppress those who aided escaping slaves. It is perhaps no coincidence that when William R. Smith's daughter ran off with a farm hand and Smith forcibly brought her back, he was charged with kidnapping and pursued vigorously in the courts to the point where he was forced to leave Macedon and sell his farm. While the farm hand brought the suit, it is unlikely he had the money to do so, and possibly was financed by pro-slavery elements intent on suppressing the efforts of Smith and his friends to aid and educate runaway slaves.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#c0a154;color:#333333;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:414.00px;height:686.00px"><img alt="" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/g08ogjddUZpniyIoTpCC1_G6BUEmttgvDF-ROczcyY6DCJl6zEFxElwDuyCed02k1vfc3UJVvqWLD_yCDk2z7vVKW4y-z1WOteafTqw0iiC6LK9LyrmruhqCtWtNQ-jBJn0WSNYf1WDoEbqEZ_ZheojVFhSHITNdbP5CbNsZ_jcFfFH0xxnJ9C9HCA" style="width:414.00px;height:686.00px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">The Country Gentleman</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">, Volume 3</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Edited by Luther Tucker and John J. Thomas</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Published by Luther Tucker, No. 395 Broadway, Corner of Hudson Street, Albany , N.Y.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">January to July 1854, p. 130</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#c0a154;color:#333333;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">William R. Smith ultimately ended up in California, after first relocating to Delaware and the Midwest. </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">The tradition of protecting and advancing the rights of others continued in Macedon, long after William R. Smith found it necessary to leave. As migrant labor from the South became increasingly important to the planting and harvesting of crops throughout Wayne County in the 20th century, relations between migrants and farmers at time became strained. John M. Wilson, Macedon Town Attorney and Supervisor before he was elected Wayne County District Attorney, was assigned the defense of a migrant worker accused of murdering his employer. My earliest memories of the courthouse in Lyons are attending the trial in which my uncle defended Moses Tunstill. He lost the case at trial, but believed so strongly that justice had not been served that he appealed as Moses's pro-bono lawyer. He won the appeal, Moses was freed, and the </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://mdhistory.msa.maryland.gov/macedon_ny/macedon_ny_town_records/html/171_NYS2d_666.pdf%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1666401532385703%26usg%3DAOvVaw0pOui61yq89pKntiIsREpk&source=gmail-html&ust=1666484658265000&usg=AOvVaw0ZtbRv3Ul0mZcrFMvQ41Rt" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">case today stands as a precedent in N.Y.</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> for the administration of justice to the accused.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">All meaningful history is local in nature, but to ensure that meaning is extracted, local records must be preserved and accessible for persistent consultation, review, and extrapolation. This volume is a survivor, but with its restoration to the Town, comes a lesson hopefully learned. We need to better preserve and care for the fragmentary evidence of the past, if we are to chart a better course for the future. Both the original of this volume and its images need to be placed in a safe and secure environment in which its pages can be transcribed, edited, and annotated in a manner that engages as many interested parties as possible and saves the results in a permanent, update-able, readily accessible, and search-able format. </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">As a tribute to the Maryland connections, I have placed the electronic images in an ebook that can be edited, annotated, and improved over time as part of the permanent electronic archives of the State of Maryland at: </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://mdhistory.net/macedon_ny/macedon_ny_town_records/html/index.html%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1666401532386519%26usg%3DAOvVaw0LiMQoWSptdMUrbR72J_ux&source=gmail-html&ust=1666484658265000&usg=AOvVaw0bZT0rF6ICz5ZpIEJJ6fB8" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://mdhistory.net/macedon_<wbr>ny/macedon_ny_town_records/<wbr>html/index.html</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">. When better images become available, they will be added, and as pages are transcribed and edited they will be accessible through the universally available search engines of Google, Bing, and their successors.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">NOTE: First posted June 13, 2010; corrections August 18, 2010, and November 27, 2010, with particular appreciation to Charles Lenhart without whose detailed notes and erudite observations this essay introduction to the first Volume of Macedon Town Records would not have been possible. Much of the research on the W.R. Smith site and Smith is documented and derived from Judith Wellman and Marjory Allen Perez, with Charles Lenhart and others, </span><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Survey of Sites Relating to the Underground Railroad, Abolitionism, and African American Life in Wayne County, New York, 1820-1880 (</span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">Lyons, New York: Wayne County Historian's Office, 2009), which is </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://mdhistory.net/macedon_ny/wellman/wellman_etal.pdf%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1666401532387178%26usg%3DAOvVaw03SeTVFZ1Z06oTIB4ByPv8&source=gmail-html&ust=1666484658266000&usg=AOvVaw2V7w-S1RYnFKrTff_B3IPq" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">excerpted here with permission of the authors</a></span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">. JudithWellman also recommends Stanley Harrold's </span><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Subversives: The Anti-Slavery Community in Washington, D.C., 1828-1865 </span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">(2003) on the Edmonson sisters. Upon their release from slavery, the Edmondson sisters came directly to. At least one of them lived for a time with William R. Smith and Eliza Smith in Macedon. The records were returned to the Town of Macedon in a special ceremony before the town board on September 23, 2010. My comments included a charge to the Board reported in the </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://www.waynepost.com/feature/x55983435/Restored-Macedon-town-records-returned%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1666401532387586%26usg%3DAOvVaw3E4UTzC-ICTPlQ9uhK2Sw8&source=gmail-html&ust=1666484658266000&usg=AOvVaw0DKYxiJ3kfsSgN3xAdBJGZ" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Wayne Post</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">:</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">“These volumes don’t just simply represent the essence of democracy here, the way in which you all attempt to give the services to the people of this town that they deserve. They also are very much connected with the fabric of the whole of American history. I charge you with the responsibility of seeing to their permanent and long term care and preservation and of making them accessible, but also to help use them in such a way that they teach each generation the importance of local government.”</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Contents</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">There are 369 images of pages and fragments in the on-line ebook.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://mdhistory.net/macedon_ny/macedon_ny_town_records/html/msa_sc5458_51_4274-0070.html%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1666401532388725%26usg%3DAOvVaw0wzGDqHO4kkBL4BE5Y6HeW&source=gmail-html&ust=1666484658266000&usg=AOvVaw0RIbDoT7Oy34JTvRHRZB6p" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">First image</a></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://mdhistory.net/macedon_ny/macedon_ny_town_records/html/volume_index-0069.html%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1666401532389208%26usg%3DAOvVaw2Tz2cKrg0k8vK8CYKe84kL&source=gmail-html&ust=1666484658266000&usg=AOvVaw275sXbPipEB464KwWqUtVI" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Last Image</a></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">A version of this essay is also available on the blog </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.google.com/url?q%3Dhttp://marylandarchivist.blogspot.com/%26sa%3DD%26source%3Deditors%26ust%3D1666401532389744%26usg%3DAOvVaw0kKM3ZEWwNgo0D5gXkBKot&source=gmail-html&ust=1666484658266000&usg=AOvVaw1OsQNwtmEdXxIFqWHaLNrB" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">http://marylandarchivist.<wbr>blogspot.com</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">.</span></p></div></body></html>ecpcliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01498580508411177787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1033015240460437200.post-65551055571345626922020-12-07T21:02:00.011-08:002023-07-02T20:20:15.505-07:00The Johns Hopkins Colored Orphan Asylum (JHCOA) Baltimore, Maryland <iframe src="https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vReyfuD-AJwvja3nFGNWtx8TMSzsqxwKA6wy2cCO2bPKGUpAYzfwXmvfTeons9tZ1hvTBBtqwUFCozo/pub?embedded=true" width=1000 height=900></iframe>ecpcliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01498580508411177787noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1033015240460437200.post-66655676397868498202020-09-25T13:38:00.003-07:002020-11-03T20:21:45.939-08:00Memorabilia and Elusive Manuscripts: A Civil War Soldier's Letter Home (?), A Teacher’s Letters From A Baltimore Under Siege, 1814-1815<html><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body><div style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:54pt 72pt 72pt 72pt;max-width:468pt"><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.0;margin-right:0;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:16pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:700">Memorabilia and Elusive Manuscripts:</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.0;margin-right:0;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">A Civil War Soldier's Letter Home (?), A Teacher’s Letters From A Baltimore Under Siege, 1814-1815</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.0;margin-right:0;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.0;margin-right:0;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:766.50px;height:467.57px"><img alt="" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/7Gw63sK_znDK9kSu9KbsUybHz2jIrQU5f0nBszMdL2PeKCwm91gpdvmdjPWTRwRfAF-HbfwDemR0Serm3ECojK0GCJfegdSdbYNiNHLAaaGe1UgdMrGRLCBmuYIe1AqQeUbaEdC9" style="width:766.50px;height:467.57px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:23pt;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Baltimore memorabilia and documents continue to be offered on Ebay. They represent, and in some cases, document, stories about Baltimore. </span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:27pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:23pt;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:23pt;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">This cover, without contents, sold for $50 (although the estimate before auction was $100-150) to an unknown individual and probably has disappeared into a private collection. It contained a now lost letter written to a shoemaker in North Abington, Massachusetts, father of at least twelve children, and for a time, member of the Massachusetts legislature.</span><sup style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt1">[1]</a></sup><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> Who wrote the letter it contained and what it revealed is unknown, but it is quite likely that it was written by Jonathan Arnold’s son, Moses Noyes Arnold who was 16 in 1860, and volunteered to join the 12th Massachusetts Regiment, Volunteers (known as the Webster Regiment). Moses rose to the rank of Captain and was wounded in the neck at Antietam. He was mustered out in 1864 and had undoubtedly spent some time in Baltimore either recuperating from his wounds or leaving from there when he mustered out.</span><sup style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt2">[2]</a></sup><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> He may have had family there as well. There were a number of Arnolds living in Baltimore at the time.</span><sup style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt3">[3]</a></sup></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:23pt;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:23pt;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:23pt;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:442.67px"><img alt="" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/U2XqwConrGdYZPjczHMW1LPyvNaTQwLG5ajLTvmax-96uySTFimn03uohS_MsnEeOQIFHaa5yYHXrfg1TYuIL8AgnVSzf6eG0GsI0AWBVq2tkLaFjxax-LRvqDg1ttA-PWKwhDtV" style="width:624.00px;height:442.67px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:23pt;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:23pt;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Another collection of letters that was offered on Ebay was written by a school teacher in Baltimore written between August 29, 1814 and January 19, 1815. Fortunately the offering included transcripts, as the originals have disappeared from the market where they were initially offered for $2,000.</span><sup style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt4">[4]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:23pt;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">The then owner offered the following descriptions of the letters and transcripts:</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:23pt;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:6pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.1500000000000001;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Manuscript archive of three handwritten letters from Mr DH Beardsley of Baltimore Maryland to his friend and attorney Mr John Gardner of York Pennsylvania. </span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:6pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.1500000000000001;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">…</span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:6pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.1500000000000001;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">This grouping of letters have been in the </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:700">Gardner</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> family since they were written. </span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:6pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.1500000000000001;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">[The] author of [the] letters … </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:700">David Hamlin Beardsley</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"> born in 1789. [He] came to Baltimore from Connecticut. He was unsuccessful in his attempt at running a school and moved to Ohio, where he became the Collector for the Ohio Canal. He held that position for 23 years. In 1840 he became Mayor of Cleveland [sic]. He died in 1870 and was married to Cassandra Hersh. His father was Squire Beardsley and mother was Hannah Hamlin.</span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:6pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"></span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:6pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.1500000000000001;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Transcriptions:</span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:6pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.1500000000000001;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:700">Baltimore Aug 29, 1814</span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:6pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.1500000000000001;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">My Good Friend,</span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:6pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.1500000000000001;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">I send enclosed a ten dollar note (it is not present) on the York Bank which I wish you to get (?) for and send it to me the first safe opportunity. Nothing can be purchased here without (?) No person will take bank notes of any kind and silver has almost entirely disappeared. Please to send the money by some person of your acquaintance and one who will deliver it to me in person at Schaffir's tavern sign of the Buck, North Howard Street. </span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:6pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.1500000000000001;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">I have no news. The fortifications about Baltimore are progressing rapidly. An intrenchment nearly three quarters of a mile in length was thrown up yesterday (Sunday) on </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:700">Hampstead Hill</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> and it is said that 10,000 men are now in </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:700">Baltimore</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> under arms. The </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:700">British</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> will not attack this place in my opinion till reinforcements arrive. There present form (5000) will never succeed considering this very advantageous situation in which the Americans are posted(?) </span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:6pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.1500000000000001;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">I hardly believe that the </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:700">British</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> intend to </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:700">attack</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:700">Baltimore</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> at all. What can be their object? They do not wish to destroy private property and and there is very little public property here. Not enough to pay for the sacrifices of men which it will cost to take the city. It appears that at </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:700">Washington</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> and</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:700">Alexandria</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> the </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:700">British</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> did not destroy any shipping but that which belonged to the U.S. It is not known for a certainty where the British are but it is believed that they have not returned to the</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:700">Chesapeake</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">. It is said that there is a </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:700">sharp contention</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> between </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:700">Genl Winder</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> and </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:700">Gnl Smith</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> which (?) have the command and the executives have not influence enough to settle the dispute. It is also said that the command of the </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:700">Artillery</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> is to be taken from</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:700"> Col Harris</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> & given to</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:700"> Com Rogers</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">.if this should take place it would give very general dissatisfaction. Pray write to me immediately and send the money the first opportunity.</span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:6pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.1500000000000001;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">If ever the time shall come when you will need a friend I shall then prove myself </span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:6pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.1500000000000001;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Yours truly,</span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:6pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.1500000000000001;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">DH Beardsley</span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:6pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"></span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:6pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">[William Henry Winder 1775-1824 American soldier and Maryland lawyer was a controversial general in the War of 1812. General Samuel Smith 1752-1839 was a U.S. Senator, mayor of Baltimore and a general in the Maryland Militia. Letter written just weeks before Battle of Baltimore September 12-15, 1814 when Francis Scott Key composed The Star Spangled Banner] </span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:6pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"></span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:6pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:700">Condition</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> Browning foxing, hole from wax seal. Very Readable. A few ink smudges. A chunk of paper torn from blank- front cover top not affect text </span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:6pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"></span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:6pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.1500000000000001;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:700">Baltimore Oct 10, 1814 </span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:6pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.1500000000000001;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">half past 10 o'clock pm </span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:6pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.1500000000000001;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Dear Sir, </span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:6pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.1500000000000001;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">I have commenced my school and have scholars enough. They have not all returned yet from the country; but they are engaged.</span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:6pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.1500000000000001;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">You will have heard of the arrival of </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:700">the</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:700">Adams</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> before this reaches you but you may not have heard the result of the negotiations of which is that there is </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:700">no</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:700">prospect of a peace</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> that that the demands of the </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:700">British</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> are such as can not be (?) to; such as the giving up of the </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:700">Fisheries, the ceding of Louisiana to the Spanish, the establishment of a new boundary line so as to give part of Massachusetts and New York to Canada</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> etc.</span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:6pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.1500000000000001;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">This information may be relied on as it comes direct from </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:700">Washington</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> in a semi official form. At the sailing of the </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:700">Adams</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> the negotiations wanted nothing but the formalizing (?) of closing all hopes of an accommodation are at an end.</span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:6pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.1500000000000001;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:700">War! War!</span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:6pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.1500000000000001;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">I am in great haste and must bid you a good night!</span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:6pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.1500000000000001;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Pray write soon and inform me how Miss H Capat (?) does and everything else which you think will be interesting</span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:6pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.1500000000000001;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">J Gardner Esq. DH Beardsley </span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:6pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">[ship the John Adams? Returned to the USA 5 September 1814.]</span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:6pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:700">Condition</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> Foxing, browning, minor loss bottom edge. Loss from seal not affect text</span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:6pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"></span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:6pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.1500000000000001;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:700">Baltimore Jan 19, 1815</span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:6pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.1500000000000001;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Dear sir </span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:6pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.1500000000000001;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">I have no news to communicate which you will not have received before this reaches you. I am anxiously </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:700">watching the times for some prospect of peace. </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">The hope that you have created of enabling me to serve you in the capacity of clerk in some mercantile business at the close of the war is my only support. I pray that this hope may in due time be realized.</span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:6pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.1500000000000001;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">I hear that you are "enjoying the moments as they fly"and that no one is more lively in the ballroom this winter than yourself. Pray how comes on your ------but I am perhaps intruding too much upon your generosity to ask. I hear with a great deal of pleasure that Miss Hannah Caprat(?) has entirely recovered. Do not I entreat you forget </span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:6pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.1500000000000001;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Your friend, DH Beardsley</span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:6pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.1500000000000001;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">>Subscript</span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:6pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.1500000000000001;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">PS Saturday evening Jan 21 perhaps you may not have heard that </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:700">intelligence</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> has at length arrived from </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:700">New Orleans</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> but it is said that much later accounts may be expected tomorrow. The intelligence received is as late as Dec 23 at midnight. The British had landed a force differently estimated at from 3-6 thousand which had been met by the Americans under Jackson and a battle was fought in which it is said the Americans had the advantage. The action continued from 7 o'clock in the morning till a quarter past 9. A number of </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:700">British prisoners</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> were taken away which </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:700">were two Majors</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">. The British force engaged consisted only of the advance of their army which is said to amount to 1400 men. This battle it is not pretended, was any wise Decisive but a great battle was expected the next day.</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:700">Jackson</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> had been reinforced by</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:700"> Genl Coffee</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> and </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:700">Carroll</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> with a force of 4000 men and greater reinforcements were expected every hour.</span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:6pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.1500000000000001;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">The Bill establishing a </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:700">national Bank</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> has passed both houses of congress and wants only the Presidents signature. The senate have recorded (?) from their amendments. The capital of course is 30 millions and there is no power granted to suspend (?) payments </span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:6pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.1500000000000001;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Yours respectfully</span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:6pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.1500000000000001;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">DHB</span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:6pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:700">Condition</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> Browning foxing, hike from wax seal. Very Readable. Minor splits at creases.</span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:6pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">[John Coffee 1772-1833, commanded troops under Jackson in the Creek Wars and in the Battle of New Orleans. William Carroll 1788-1844 governor of Tennessee joined the Tennessee militia in 1812 rose to Major General.]</span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:6pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"></span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:6pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;margin-right:0;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">David Hamlin Beardsley did indeed operate a school in Baltimore, advertising in the local newspaper:</span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:6pt;line-height:1.1500000000000001;margin-right:0;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;height:11pt;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:27pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:center;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:23pt;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:388.00px;height:117.33px"><img alt="" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/FyU7zHSBmDs4eLrN0Vsa-3QMn9M_bpmFIknqkTdiaaU6vKXjaf6B82yswawvajlVqqcInd0RMhpoQHAu9YQhDVwqtbWDZw35Z4q0VxmVa6abrlzOnwGD70smBtaqsZEkGeFotQQH" style="width:388.00px;height:117.33px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:27pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:center;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:23pt;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://mdhistory.net/msa_sc3392/msa_sc3392_3_58/html/msa_sc3392_3_58-0883.html&sa=D&ust=1601070308804000&usg=AOvVaw2TGlMp0cbLimIeotbMO_d5" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">Baltimore American & Commercial Advertiser</a></span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://mdhistory.net/msa_sc3392/msa_sc3392_3_58/html/msa_sc3392_3_58-0883.html&sa=D&ust=1601070308804000&usg=AOvVaw2TGlMp0cbLimIeotbMO_d5" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">, October 1, 1814</a></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:27pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;height:11pt;text-align:center;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:23pt;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:27pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;height:11pt;text-align:center;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:23pt;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:23pt;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">But Beardsley soon left Baltimore for Ohio to seek his fortune, arriving eventually in Cleveland where he became a well-known figure, but contrary to the owner of his 1814-1815 letters, never mayor.</span><sup style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt5">[5]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:474.00px;height:327.00px"><img alt="" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/CggF-IBo_yH0Kbfxd72nJWtvBXnnLJdoqhi24PqzdbSTkhQUD0XNkYez23FepsRU8rbFjhiXy2jkfPfqi7vwQfYymYgo7rSSR_YpmF2mANqiUITZuKC_IH4_J8xATQfQOewV5Azp" style="width:474.00px;height:327.00px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Source: </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://sparedshared17.wordpress.com/2018/12/13/1861-david-hamlin-beardsley-to-john-carey/&sa=D&ust=1601070308805000&usg=AOvVaw1B5cTRoIZ5uWnMdAmgV8CU" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">https://sparedshared17.<wbr>wordpress.com/2018/12/13/1861-<wbr>david-hamlin-beardsley-to-<wbr>john-carey/</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Having experienced the War of 1812 in Baltimore, Beardsley lived through the Civil War dying in 1870. The former school teacher from Baltimore was concerned about the economic costs of the war to both sides but also cautioned his friend, a firm supporter of the Union to not be too optimistic.</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#2b2b2b;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">As our country is engaged in a civil war involving probably more serious consequences than any war in which mankind ever before engaged, you will, of course, pardon me for alluding to it. What is to be the result? Although I have a high opinion of your prescience and judgment, I do not think that even you, tho’ an ex-M. C. [military commander] can tell with certainty. You will probably say that the result will be most propitious—that our glorious Union is to be more firmly cemented than before—that the effort of this war will be to prove to the monarchs of Europe and to the civilized world that a Republican government is possible, and, in our case, no failure—and that the future of the United States is to be more prosperous and happy than ever. I pray God this may be the case.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#2b2b2b;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">But you know my ruling propensity notwithstanding your friendly efforts to correct it, to look on the dark side of things; and I fear ruin to both sections, to the North as well as the South. Like Kilkenny cats, we shall devour each other, leaving scarcely the tails behind....</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#2b2b2b;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">But you will say we are better off than the South in this respect; the North is worth then times as much as they. True—we have the most money, but they the most patriotism and are the best financiers....</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#2b2b2b;font-weight:400">In one thing the secessionists have been greatly mistaken. Whatever opposition they might meet with from the Black Republicans, they were sure they could rely on their fast friends and brother democrats of the North. The Northern democracy would take care of the Black Republicans, leaving the secessionists to do as they pleased—to steal forts, arsenals, navy-yards, sub-treasuries, mines and ships at their pleasure—and finally to march on the federal city and take the Capitol without molestation. In this they have been grievously disappointed; and to me the unanimity at the North looks more like an interposition of Divine Providence than anything I have ever witnessed.</span><sup style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#2b2b2b;font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt6">[6]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><hr style="width:33%;height:1px"><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref1">[1]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">1860 Census; Census Place: Abington, Plymouth, Massachusetts; Page: 280; Family History Library Film: 803518. Jonathan’s son Moses Noyes was 16 in 1860. He volunteered to serve in the 12th Massachusetts Regiment and served at Antietam and Gettysburg. </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id%3Dyale.39002002965789%26view%3D1up%26seq%3D163%26q1%3DArnold&sa=D&ust=1601070308807000&usg=AOvVaw2ZigyY8aSFkhZKoN3yKxu5" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">https://babel.hathitrust.org/<wbr>cgi/pt?id=yale.39002002965789&<wbr>view=1up&seq=163&q1=Arnold</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Another son, Thomas, died in 1923. In 1860 Thomas was listed as four years old in the Arnold household. Two of his sisters are mentioned in his obituary: </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> North Abington, July 27—Thomas Arnold, a member of the firm of M. N. Arnold & Co., shoe manufacturers, died today on a train from Boston. His body was removed from the train at Quincy, and taken to his home. Mr Arnold was a native of Abington. He was 67 years old and a son of the late Mr and Mrs Jonathan Arnold, one of the oldest families in the town. He leaves a wife, two sons, Eugene of North Abington, and Harold of Bayonne, N J; a daughter, Miss Alice of North Abington; two brothers, John P. of Brockton, superintendent of the Huntington School District in Brockton, and Wallace E. W., of Wollaston, also a member of the firm of the Arnold Company, and two sisters, Miss Emily of Southbridge, and Miss Sarah Louise of Boston, former dean of Simmons College. He was a member of John Cutler Lodge, A. F. & A. M., of Abington, and the Ancient & Honorable Artillery Co. of Boston, and a number of Masonic bodies. Funeral services will be held in the home, 372 Adams st, North Abington, Monday afternoon at 2 p m.</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> [Source: The Boston Globe, Boston, MA, Saturday, July 28, 1923, p. 14]</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref2">[2]</a><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#181a1c;font-weight:400">Historical Data Systems, Inc.; Duxbury, MA 02331; </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#181a1c;font-weight:400;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">American Civil War Research Database on Ancestry.com and </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id%3Dyale.39002002965789%26view%3D1up%26seq%3D163%26q1%3DArnold&sa=D&ust=1601070308808000&usg=AOvVaw3mDe5_PCrsGSuu0NlKT6r-" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">https://babel.hathitrust.org/<wbr>cgi/pt?id=yale.39002002965789&<wbr>view=1up&seq=163&q1=Arnold</a></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"></span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref3">[3]</a><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://archive.org/details/emcrosscosbaltim1863emcr&sa=D&ust=1601070308813000&usg=AOvVaw2aBnD6Gd45GFMpx1qT3yKf" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">https://archive.org/<wbr>details/<wbr>emcrosscosbaltim1863emcr</a></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"> </span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref4">[4]</a><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> described as </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">War Of 1812 Manuscript Archive 3 Handwritten Letters From Baltimore, </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">the link, </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.ebay.com/itm/War-Of-1812-Manuscript-Archive-3-Handwritten-Letters-From-Baltimore-Prep-Battle-/322098581143?hash%3Ditem4afe924e97:g:0BUAAOSwJQdW-qEN&sa=D&ust=1601070308809000&usg=AOvVaw1LHE1aRSrF4yNcSQ5K07MY" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">http://www.ebay.com/itm/War-<wbr>Of-1812-Manuscript-Archive-3-<wbr>Handwritten-Letters-From-<wbr>Baltimore-Prep-Battle-/<wbr>322098581143?hash=<wbr>item4afe924e97:g:0BUAAOSwJQdW-<wbr>qEN</a></span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">, </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> no longer works</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:27pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:23pt;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">()</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref5">[5]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://case.edu/ech/articles/c/cleveland-mayors-year&sa=D&ust=1601070308810000&usg=AOvVaw2oBvuESTHx11WGyU3mmMwi" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">https://case.edu/ech/<wbr>articles/c/cleveland-mayors-<wbr>year</a></span><span style="font-size:10pt">. </span><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">According to one account, </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">David Hamlin Beardsley was one of the unique characters of Cleveland, and for 23 years perhaps the best known man in the city, for his public position as Collector of the Ohio Canal brought him into daily contact not only with the merchants of the town but with business men the whole length of the state. He was the son of Squire and Hannah Hamlin Beardsley of New Preston, Conn., and was 37 years old when he came here in 1826.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">School-teaching, his first occupation, took him to Baltimore, Md., where he assumed charge of a select school and incidentally met Miss Cassandra Hersh, sister of David Hersh, who became a Cleveland pioneer. The following year, 1817, they were married. His next venture was at Sandusky, Ohio, where he bought 315 acres of land, became an associate judge, and was elected a state senator. To become auditor and recorder of Cuyahoga County would seem like a retrograde of honors, but probably Mr. Beardsley had other things to take into consideration when he accepted the office. He worked in the</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">old log-courthouse on the Public Square, and his beautiful penmanship is preserved in the early records of the city. When the Ohio canal was opened as far as Akron, his integrity and accuracy were recognized, and he was made collector of it, and for 23 years, through all administrations, he held his position, beginning at a salary of $300, and ending with one of $1200. He was a man of simple tastes and sterling qualities, and best known for scrupulous honesty even to the value of a cent. It is claimed that in all the years he served as collector of the canal, during which time he had handled over a million dollars, he could account to a cent of all money passing through his hands. Many amusing stories have been told of his exactness regarding small change. Judge James Cleveland quaintly refers to this trait in an address before the Old Settlers' Association in 1896:</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">‘‘The canal collector, D. H. Beardsley, regarded the statutes and canal regulations as the laws of the Medes and Persians, and sometimes reminded a canal-boat master that he owed the state of Ohio a half cent on tolls, and should remember it at the next settlement. Whereupon the canal-captain would, with great anger and profanity, chop a copper cent in two with the cook’s axe, on the canal-lock scale, and tender it to the old collector. Then the captain would be fined $5 for his violation of the law which forbade the axe on the state’s property, and he didn’t think the joke was much on the collector when he saw his face darken like the face of Jove, and knew that fine must be paid before he or his canal-boat could</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">leave the port.“ Collector Beardsley was the very type of integrity, honesty, and honor, and under his official mask there dwelt a gentle and scholarly nature that loved his fellow-men and was loved by all who esteem' purity, justice, and the gentle ways of wisdom and peace.” Mr. Beardsley died at the age of 82, and was buried in Erie street cemetery. Mrs. David Beardsley was an invalid for many years. She had three sisters, all charming women who resided near her, on the south side of St. Clair street between Seneca and Ontario, and their mother, a dear old lady, always quaintly and beautifully dressed, lived with them. They were all born house and home-keepers, and though they lived simply and in small houses, as all Cleveland people did in that day, they were very popular, and their society much sought for by the cultured element of the town. Their brother, John Hersh, was then a bachelor. In after years he removed to Chillicothe. Sarah Hersh was the second wife of Thomas Brown. He was the editor of the Ohio Farmer. Julia Hersh married Mr. Bolles. All three sisters were fine-looking, had dark eyes and dark brown Hair.</span><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> from Wickham, Gertrude Van Rensselaer. </span><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">The Pioneer Families of Cleveland, 1796-1840</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">. Cleveland, Ohio: Evangelical Publishing House, 1914, pp. 330-331.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"></span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref6">[6]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://sparedshared17.wordpress.com/2018/12/13/1861-david-hamlin-beardsley-to-john-carey/&sa=D&ust=1601070308812000&usg=AOvVaw3Pehtouj0Dum0fvH2vmObC" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">https://sparedshared17.<wbr>wordpress.com/2018/12/13/1861-<wbr>david-hamlin-beardsley-to-<wbr>john-carey/</a></span><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">. The letter was written to </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Carey_(congressman)&sa=D&ust=1601070308812000&usg=AOvVaw0UkzJaLJ2sjCbjKerhkiE0" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">Congressman John Carey</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> from Ohio, written June 18, 1861 from Cleveland, Ohio.</span></p></div></div></body></html>ecpcliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01498580508411177787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1033015240460437200.post-42999188557559153752020-09-22T11:20:00.004-07:002020-09-24T12:25:41.037-07:00The Works Progress Administration and the Historical Records Survey in Maryland, 1937-1941<html><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body><div style="background-color:#f1c232;padding:54pt 72pt 72pt 72pt;max-width:468pt"><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:28pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:700">Putting America Back to Work:</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:24pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:24pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">The Legacy of the National Research project, the Federal Writers Project, and The Historical Records Survey </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:24pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">in Maryland</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:298.67px"><img alt="" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/kp5k2jRvHQpf6ewbhhw4ssZo6ZmwUlUwvfe3jhJNHGEqKmUS3QP29uv_UAYGZdJF_EBdfREFWGXRMWNQTdH0YnLntFrqXs7TeaggUL-OuBoA1zDc_NHktzuXRterDJr1c5sp3ili" style="width:624.00px;height:298.67px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Whittaker Chambers & Alger Hiss</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Alger Hiss (1904-1996), born into privilege in Baltimore, did not need a job during the Great Depression (1929-1940), but his nemesis, Whittaker Chambers, did.</span><sup style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt1">[1]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Between 1929 and 1940 National unemployment remained above 14% with the highest rate in 1933 at 24.9%. With the New Deal came the prospect of Federal jobs for unemployed liberal arts majors like Chambers who was a struggling translator and author in 1937 without sufficient income to support his family. Living in Baltimore on Mount Royal Terrace,</span><sup style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt2">[2]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> he found employment in Washington as an editor with the National Research Project of the Works Progress Administration (WPA) investigating employment in the railroad industry. The National Research Project created in 1935 was one of the many employment agencies created by the New Deal, the goal of which was to investigate new industrial technologies and their effects on employment.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:444.00px"><img alt="" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/YPu49mMCspt5rsOWhNAprpLmqVSRXg6Na_vppcdwXY-pJUa7zPOMEKz7bJGUKVKQJd6jgHFjaDOK_ZbjQUCjsjcqoywl15r2I6olgjfWkPAzUhvEhI_8fJoQuIpgq-j4e-X5oJ59" style="width:624.00px;height:444.00px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.0;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.ebay.com/itm/Lewis-HINE-Engineer-Pennsylvania-Railroad-c-1930-VINTAGE-STAMPED-LH025-/223012021025&sa=D&ust=1600915884169000&usg=AOvVaw2VTX4WwAd1CFlFhTA8BgIC" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">Lewis Hine: Engineer, Pennsylvania Railroad, c 1930 / VINTAGE / STAMPED! / LH025</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">.</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.0;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">This photograph by Lewis Hine sells today for $2400, many times the monthly salary of either </span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.0;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Hine or Chambers when they worked for the National Research Project. </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">While the photographs of Lewis Hine, the chief photographer of the National Recovery Program, are well known, the project Chambers edited has received considerably less attention. It was one of a number that contributed to the understanding of unemployment on the railroads and associated industries that Lewis Hine documented through his remarkable photographs.</span><sup style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt3">[3]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Chambers's time with the National Research Project provided him with a living wage for fifteen weeks, a time in which he also gathered (perhaps created?) evidence against his erstwhile friend Alger Hiss.</span><sup style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt4">[4]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> All that time he lived in Baltimore and commuted to his job in Washington on the B & O Railroad, but, given the nature of his editorial work, he probably also worked at home, the equivalent of teleworking today.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">The resistance to “handing out the dole” especially to those who were on the liberal spectrum of Americans (Chambers later argued without evidence that he received some financial support from the Communist Party in 1937-38) was widespread.</span><sup style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt5">[5]</a></sup><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> While gathering considerably useful information, the National Research Project found it necessary to reduce the work force on the project for which Chambers was hired and he was “furloughed without prejudice.”</span><sup style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt6">[6]</a></sup><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> The evidence he helped edit, lives on, however and can be found in the widely consulted</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> Historical Statistics of the United States.</span><sup style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt7">[7]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.0;margin-left:0;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:816.50px;height:323.20px"><img alt="" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/T3n--YzscLJ9RBgnmHo41djfPh3WianvzNRc_wJ0LY44BBstPn6Twaz9WQ0lolxGX-kPKVtWkFss9KPCtgJzoja9Krn_5le7253ONCQihabAnsHQehNTHXiGJMIsCJPOS_YDjX_g" style="width:816.50px;height:323.20px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.0;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">The “Stuff” of the Federal Writers Project of the WPA was prodigious and employed many authors including Zora Neale Hurston, shown here, and John Steinbeck. Who contributed to the initial publication of Maryland in the American Guide Series is as yet unknown. It fell to the staff of the Maryland State Archives to update it for publication by the Johns Hopkins University Press in 1976.</span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:16pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:justify;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Another WPA undertaking that affected employment in Maryland was the Federal Writers Project. The “Stuff” of the Federal Writers Project of the WPA was prodigious and employed many authors including Zora Neale Hurston, shown here, and John Steinbeck. Who contributed to the initial publication of </span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Maryland</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> in the </span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">American Guide</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> series is as yet unknown. It fell to the staff of the Maryland State Archives to update it for publication by the Johns Hopkins University Press in 1976.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:500.00px;height:693.00px"><img alt="" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/EdZ9B7KZYps6Lpccy_Ci6FkhH6LX6cUTdxb1k5hb65xnVOoKT2GrrgB50Omrqta22AsViuIMsaiE8bckmrAd39GpOzgAkI19dvW-5HTmhGowiokPlXoU88avY9HiUWi8ijECWNxC" style="width:500.00px;height:693.00px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:center"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.gjenvick.com/WPA/Books/InventoryAppraisalOfResults-1938/13-HistoricalSurveysAndRecords.html&sa=D&ust=1600915884171000&usg=AOvVaw07zie6A06aGo3odRNeXMW3" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">A Poster advertising the Historical Records Survey</a></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Another employment project of the </span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Works Project Administration (WPA) </span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">of the “Second New Deal,” 1935-1941, is the </span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Historical Records Survey (HRS)</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">. The HRS</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> was to have a profound effect on the cataloguing and availability of an important segment of the American Memory which otherwise would have been lost to neglect, left deteriorating in court house attics and basements of the nation. Through its auspices a whole generation of Archivists would be trained and a wealth of documents illuminating every corner of American History would be unearthed and in time made accessible. Indeed more budding archivists would be employed in the task of documenting America than ever before and ever since.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:263.45px;height:429.60px"><img alt="" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/PsfCD3J9alC9vfs36wx2bJmYjlPOMg1KwWz9T19rLm0wVNeVEHQpeVcZbi5aRYedV97s6A7XoeYmkjdNuxhow0NrtrADN2bxobNErirk1Jp6_OxRKJf5vWZV3meUyBTn2v0ijXSh" style="width:263.45px;height:429.60px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Morris Leon Radoff with the Maryland Hall of Records in the Background</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Courtesy of the Maryland State Archives</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Maryland would benefit enormously from the careful inventorying and explanation of its record heritage by the work of the Historical Records Survey under the guidance of Morris Radoff whose experience with the Survey would lead to his appointment as Maryland State Archivist in 1939.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Radoff had been let go by Johns Hopkins University, perhaps because he was a Jew, but possibly because he was discovered bringing bourbon to class. Regardless of the reasons for his dismissal, he was unemployed and in need of a job in 1937, when he was hired by the Historical Records Survey in Maryland to work out of the Baltimore office. There as a scholar of the French Renaissance, who in 1931 published his first article on the origin and usage of the word “nincompoop”, he proved an able editor and manager of the inventory goals of the Survey.</span><sup style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt8">[8]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Radoff supervised a staff of the Maryland Historical Records Survey that between 1936 and 1940 encompassed 344 people. Most worked for less than a year for the Survey, which like Whittaker Chambers’ job and all the employment projects of the New Deal, were intended to be temporary until the economy was revived and near full permanent employment returned to private industry.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Despite the high turnover in staff, the results as edited by Radoff were accurate and comprehensive for all the 23 counties of Maryland and Baltimore City.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">In Baltimore City alone, not only did the HRS meet the high standards set by the Survey, they also included a multi-volume indexed item inventory of almost every scrap of paper found in the storage rooms of City Hall which would prove of immense benefit to the future histories of the City such as the recent </span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Baltimore</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> by Matt Crenson.</span><sup style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt9">[9]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:16pt;line-height:1.0;margin-left:0;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;padding-right:0"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:814.50px;height:332.35px"><img alt="" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/enCtcKliKdNfo19EDm-gdaaJzlJ-tCBnn1aaT8XY9t-tGtj40W_xb8y07ako562M5NhN_H15Vc310bD8YUoEbeQ9xfKCba3xBf3olIy3cgl3oytPTWE78wi1id04StQ7wIOwS8Nh" style="width:814.50px;height:332.35px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Historical Records Survey forms from St. Mary’s County Maryland </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">The State Archives published an updated version of these forms in 1963 in the award winning </span><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">The County Courthouses and Records of Maryland, Part Two: The Records.</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> Pay particular attention to the description of the content of the records and especially “Decree Record” JFF No. 3 which has no index. Today that volume and the others on the list are housed at the Maryland State Archives with their content described, and those particular volumes on line available to researchers</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"></span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:16pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:center;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#595959;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">The guidelines for inventorying the records found in the attics and basements of courthouses and churches were straight forward and carefully laid out in simple to complete forms. An example among thousands of pages is the inventory of the records in Maryland’s first county, St. Mary’s. Take note of the informative description of this particular series and of “Decree” volume J.F.F No. 3 circled in red. </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:398.50px;height:570.16px"><img alt="" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/dk5Ov6u6AmgZb5U6E8LywsJdJE5RhxbiF2irm-cpeNXf02R6YQjoJn_alpRgh6WC_2ChkjirRgjgvCP3oeyB_r3h2tFb4Wv_2q1-da7qFA4mIr9UPKRxrdrK2-BjaD5emLFY6sO-" style="width:398.50px;height:570.16px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:center"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.pinterest.com/pin/459296861976518124/?nic_v2%3D1a4fMmBMi&sa=D&ust=1600915884175000&usg=AOvVaw1W_ASvJjwEpMyPDlB7ZGii" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">A typical scene in the basements and attics of the Nation. </a></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:center"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.pinterest.com/pin/459296861976518124/?nic_v2%3D1a4fMmBMi&sa=D&ust=1600915884175000&usg=AOvVaw1W_ASvJjwEpMyPDlB7ZGii" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank"> At least they had a sufficient number of masks to go around</a></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><hr style="page-break-before:always;display:none"><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">The conditions for undertaking the survey, however, were less than ideal. Records were largely ‘stored’ in cluttered chaos and unhealthy environments. Sorting out what they found and describing it accurately was a daunting task. Nevertheless they persevered, producing not only an inventory of what they found, but also describing the records in an organized framework that included introductions to why they were created in the first place and a general description of their contents to guide future researchers.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">In Maryland and elsewhere, the inventories provided by the HRS were instrumental in prying loose those records from their jumbled and inhospitable storage for deposit in appropriate archival storage. That objective was not an easy one to accomplish. The clerks of court and local historians resisted the move of the original records to a central safe and appropriate location. </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">It took the persuasive powers of Dr. Radoff who promised photostatic and microfilm copies of the most heavily coveted records to get everything to safety in Annapolis. On becoming Archivist of Maryland in 1939, Radoff used the HRS inventories to good effect, while his microfilming of a large segment of the inventoried records would lead to unpredictable consequences of widespread benefit. </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.0;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:818.50px;height:716.47px"><img alt="" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/p9hJlPu-fySy7cKsR8PbhalKsagZ0hj0yc22ZSFU3ePlaMWBp61tSObQRPCCnrxPiJp20xOkOY31nJsnQhcP6S0jxSHUeZEkpTojB-EOaHVLWx12Dp95ueHJ_HViyQmv4v4amIOs" style="width:818.50px;height:716.47px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">The Maryland State Guide to Government Records entry for Saint Mary’s county “Equity Record” J.F.F. N0. & </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">the page for St. Mary’s County land records, both of which are on line</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">With the advent of the Web and the relatively inexpensive means of posting scans of the microfilm online, property mapping and all of the land records were made available through </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://plats.net&sa=D&ust=1600915884177000&usg=AOvVaw2ZgTKEj8fegkoldsf7OyAn" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">http://plats.net</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> and </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://mdlandrec.net&sa=D&ust=1600915884177000&usg=AOvVaw2Z2B97xibxLKfDCwnvqhvk" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">http://mdlandrec.net</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">. Indeed both projects proved more comprehensive in Maryland than anywhere else in the Nation because the HRS and Morris Radoff had done their work so well. In addition, without the HRS inventories, indexes, and identification of records such as those related to Slavery, including manumission of slaves and estates containing slaves, such worthwhile projects such as </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://slavery.msa.maryland.gov/&sa=D&ust=1600915884177000&usg=AOvVaw3xnk2znXoB-etMZmf-Eu1R" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">Maryland’s Legacy of Slavery Project</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> would not have been concievable.</span><sup style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt10">[10]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">The genius of Dr. Radoff and others like him, lay in taking the HRS inventories and expanding on their value to historians and the public at large. In 1963 he and his staff published their extension of the HRS analysis of Maryland Court records in the widely acclaimed and useful </span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">The County Courthouses and Records of Maryland. The Records Part Two</span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">.</span><sup style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt11">[11]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">The work inspired by the Historical Records survey is far from over, however. While the Maryland State Archives incorporated the HRS and subsequent inventory of the records into its extensive online </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://guide.msa.maryland.gov/pages/index.aspx&sa=D&ust=1600915884179000&usg=AOvVaw1kKwhzTC771HBEq1pHOkGg" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">Guide to Government Records</a></span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> and</span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://speccol.msa.maryland.gov/pages/speccol/index.aspx&sa=D&ust=1600915884179000&usg=AOvVaw2fJREfTkNNBsy7FlXYuPr0" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank"> Special Collections</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">, it still remains the task of the Archives to better explain and provide informed access to the records in its care. For example, take the inventory of the “Decree” volumes found in the St. Mary’s County Courthouse in 1941. Further descriptive work is required including an index to all names and specific examples of the contents of the volumes.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">In addition to including names and specific topics in the descriptions of individual volumes it is also important to to link the records to any secondary works that cite them, thus further encouraging future research and writing. In other words the online guide needs to be interactive between what the archival staff and any Federal Employment Project has time to do, and the work of those who use the records. As Dr. Radoff proved in person, anyone can be a helpful archivist if given the opportunity to be so.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.0;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:808.50px;height:586.94px"><img alt="" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/EjTKC8yceZIhmjspoJc5V68-TJ0vxXJ8vZVMlVlfFLKqABe9OZFdPo1kiZ_F1vX5K4NWlcKlyAKeKezmFwgB-teFFvgpV5GSXin71TD2Rh4kN3gSaL1ujVc6GPmTZh-HTTV4lhf0" style="width:808.50px;height:586.94px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">The 1859 drawing of Point Lookout development by E. G. Lind, </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Courtesy of the Maryland Historical Society</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">The J.F.F. No. 3 entry in the inventory sheet is a case in point. The very first case in the volume cries out for a fuller description and a link to the work of author and editor Edwin Beitzel, the premier historian of St. Marys County.</span><sup style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt12">[12]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> This first case entered in the volume not only provides insight into the previous history of what became a well known prisoner of war camp during the Civil War, but also the development that preceded it, and the failed efforts to establish a disabled Union soldiers home there after the war. </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.0;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:820.50px;height:595.65px"><img alt="" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/g7fiDiQetKH4OrrHx0GfnR1y5kIaWx2wo80-ilvjZTumQihNlnEFTBSUdpHZg2XjyXW3cmb5j1Nzz4C_IhUKMbovbe8qkPUbd-2P_nVouhY-6XjpctqP4CD8NNVDJqbnb08IQGgr" style="width:820.50px;height:595.65px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">The Point Lookout resort as a Prison Camp and Hospital during the Civil War, 1862-1865, </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Courtesy of the Library of Congress</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Just the exploration of the case involving Point Lookout as recorded in over two hundred handwritten pages, leads to the work of a prominent Baltimore architect E. G. Lind and the Baltimore builder, W. H. Allen, who executed the Lind & Murdoch plans for Point Lookout as a “bathing” resort on the eve of the Civil War. Indeed the development provided a Hotel and cottages that housed such prominent Baltimore residents such as Reverdy Johnson, Jr., a Baltimore lawyer and trustee of Johns Hopkins Hospital.</span><sup style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt13">[13]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> The case also helps to understand the failed efforts of Delphine P. Baker and her many Congressional Friends after the War to establish a Disabled Soldiers Home for Union Soldiers at Point Lookout.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Clearly the work begun by the Historical Records Survey and continued by the Maryland State Archives remains unfinished. Some of us hold out the slight hope that the Federal Government will resume its infusion of Federal Funds for archival employment, providing jobs and focusing on useful explanations of the records.</span><sup style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt14">[14]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> To a degree that happened in the expansion of the National Historical Publications commission into the National Historical Publications and Records Commission, but to date adequate funding has not been forthcoming. Now that it is needed more than ever to offer employment and a means for putting the unemployed to work, a stimulus package for Archives could be launched, especially if the importance of such work is made clear to Congress as they consider the next round of funding for reviving an economy in deep trouble. </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p></div><hr style="width:33%;height:1px"><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref1">[1]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">For Alger Hiss and Whittaker Chambers see the writings of Alistair Cooke, A Generation on Trial: U.S.A. Vs. Alger Hiss. New York: Knopf, 1950, Allan Weinstein, </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Perjury: The Hiss-Chambers Case</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">. New York: Random House, 1997, Samuel Tanenhaus, </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Whittaker Chambers: A Biography</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">. New York: Random House, 1997, and most recently, Joan Brady, </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Alger Hiss: Framed: A New Look at the Case That Made Nixon Famous</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">, 2017. It is distinctly possible that Chambers created in whole cloth, a brilliant , completely fabricated story of Hiss’s guilt as a spy which caused Hiss to lose his job. Hiss’s son Tony in </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Laughing Last,</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> and stepson Timothy Hobson at a conference on Hiss and Chambers in 2007, defended his stepfather. According to a CBS news report</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.0;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Timothy Hobson, Hiss' stepson, said Whittaker Chambers, whose bombshell allegations against Hiss broke the case open, had lied about his personal relationship with Hiss and had never visited the Hiss home as he claimed. Hobson, 80, said that during the time Chambers claimed to have visited the home, he was recuperating from a broken leg and met every person who came calling. Chambers was a former American communist party member who spied for the Soviets during the 1930s. He defected before World War II and accused others of being spies, but his claims did not attract FBI interest until after the war. He joined Time magazine in 1939 and as a writer and editor was a severe critic of communism. He died in 1961. "It is my conviction that he was in love with Alger Hiss, that he was rejected by Alger Hiss and he took that rejection in a vindictive way," Hobson said. </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/author-hiss-innocent-of-espionage/&sa=D&ust=1600915884182000&usg=AOvVaw1-XzN_xxeK8TEzE_gRcsQN" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">https://www.cbsnews.com/news/<wbr>author-hiss-innocent-of-<wbr>espionage/</a></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"></span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref2">[2]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Tanenhaus cites only Mt. Royal Terrace, but the Chambers family lived at several addresses in Baltimore and it is more likely they lived at Auchentoroly Terrace while he commuted to Washington.</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"> </span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref3">[3]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">See for example, </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.icp.org/browse/archive/collections/the-future-of-america-lewis-hines-new-deal-photographs?page%3D1&sa=D&ust=1600915884184000&usg=AOvVaw1k5gHR1bW9FEur7xAWtaHj" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">https://www.icp.org/browse/<wbr>archive/collections/the-<wbr>future-of-america-lewis-hines-<wbr>new-deal-photographs?page=1</a></span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref4">[4]</a><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> Lewis Harstrom, </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Alger Hiss, Whittaker chambers and the Case that Ignited McCarthyism</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">, 2013, p. 14</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal">5. </span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref5">[5]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Perhaps the most outspoken critics of the New Deal were a native of Bladensburg,, Maryland, John T. Flynn and the curmudgeon of Baltimore, H. L. Mencken. See: </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_T._Flynn&sa=D&ust=1600915884185000&usg=AOvVaw1sLV06Q73E94IWL5yBEFm-" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<wbr>John_T._Flynn</a></span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> for a summary of Flynn’s career and the extensive literature on the life of Mencken. </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> Mencken excelled himself in attacking the triumphant FDR, whose whiff of fraudulent collectivism filled him with genuine disgust. He was the 'Fuhrer,' the 'Quack,' surrounded by 'an astonishing rabble of impudent nobodies,' 'a gang of half-educated pedagogues, non constitutional lawyers, starry-eyed uplifters and other such sorry wizards.' His New Deal was a 'political racket,' a 'series of stupendous bogus miracles,' with its 'constant appeals to class envy and hatred,' treating government as 'a milch-cow with 125 million teats' and marked by 'frequent repudiations of categorical pledges.' </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Paul Johnson, </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">A History of the American People</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> (New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1997), p. 740.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref6">[6]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Harstrom, ff., and Tannenhous, p. 156. “Owing to a reduction in work volume, the National Research Project was releasing newer staff. As of February 1, he would be “furloughed without prejudice”.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref7">[7]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">A statistical abstract supplement. </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Historical Statistics of the United States: Colonial Times to 1957</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">. 1957. Especially Chapter W. </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> </span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref8">[8]</a><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> See: Edward C. Papenfuse, </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Recent Deaths, Morris Leon Radoff</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">, 1905-1978, in </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">The</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">American Archivist</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">, April 1979, pp. 263-264, Marchia D. Talley,</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> Morris Leon Radoff: The Man and the Monument</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">, </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">The American Archivist</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">, Fall, 1981, pp. 327-339, and Aubrey C. Land, et. al., </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Law Society and Politics in Early Maryland</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1970),</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref9">[9]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Crenson, Matthew A. </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Baltimore: A Political History</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">. 2019</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref10">[10]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://slavery.msa.maryland.gov/&sa=D&ust=1600915884185000&usg=AOvVaw2ShzBcRH-rWex5yBa2WBzZ" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">http://slavery.msa.<wbr>maryland.gov/</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref11">[11]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Radoff, Morris L., Gust Skordas, and Phebe R. Jacobsen. </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">The County Courthouses and Records of Maryland. The Records Part Two</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">. Annapolis: Hall of Records Commission, 1963</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal">. </span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref12">[12]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">For example see: Beitzell, Edwain Warfield, Pointlookout Prison Camp for Confederates. 1972 and the Chronicles of St. Mary’s County, </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.stmaryshistory.org/cpage.php?pt%3D14&sa=D&ust=1600915884186000&usg=AOvVaw2Ka_qPmumDJMMQBhtWdFil" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">https://www.stmaryshistory.<wbr>org/cpage.php?pt=14</a></span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref13">[13]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Edmund G. Lind’s obituary in the Baltimore </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">(July 16, 1909) </span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">f</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">ails to mention the Point Lookout development that he designed. Without looking at the estate inventories for Reverdy Johnson, jr, and the St. Mary’s county land records, both of which the HRS inventoried and the Maryland State Archives preserved, it is not certain how long Reverdy Johnson, Jr. held his lease to a cottage in the Point Lookout development. The drawing of the Point Lookout resort seems only to exist at the Maryland Historical Society although it once was an exhibit in this case. </span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"> </span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref14">[14]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">See “The Historian and Local Records: The Need for a Fresh Approach to an Old Problem” in the AHA Newsletter, Volume IX, Number 3, May 1971, pp. 24-28, and “Preserving the nation’s Heritage Through A National Historic Records Program” in the AHA Newsletter, Volume 11, Number 1, February 1973, pp. 19-23.</span></p></div></div></body></html>ecpcliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01498580508411177787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1033015240460437200.post-3450848568868789572020-09-11T14:26:00.013-07:002020-09-23T19:06:45.224-07:00Baltimore's Thirst for Water: Bringing Back The Gunpowder<html><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body><div style="background-color:#ffd966;padding:54pt 72pt 72pt 72pt;max-width:468pt"><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:18pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Water, Water, Everywhere, but is it safe to drink?</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:18pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Preserving and Accessing the Records of the Gunpowder Watershed of Maryland and Pennsylvania</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Edward C. Papenfuse, Archivist of Maryland (Retired)</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">With apologies to Samuel Taylor Coleridge and the</span><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> Rhyme of the Ancient Mariner</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">, the title of this essay on preserving and making accessible the sources of history was chosen because the history of the Gunpowder watershed is both a triumph of the reversal of human degradation of the environment, and a cautionary tale about the failure of humans both to sustain the accomplishment and to care for the records that document its story for the instruction and enlightenment of future generations.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:290.67px"><img alt="" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/voesBaBG41r6JDUDybLKhr_cqir08cvIj4SoEKUnRCGiCxY7jrm8VS02iWa_6enpkdcBj4oN4dJvNnQbw7ryJzzQsH5J-w3oDJYYW12ysCYCErIQifsiWQ-X5I3x5BpTCvQPOam3" style="width:624.00px;height:290.67px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:481.35px;height:919.50px"><img alt="" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/tP4Hf7ysPvUk5dLX6EmeV8LD1OBRP1sPJWDQPj3LP6CLUei7pLlUxjanM3BE0do4ly1VbwHATvDdXGKuoy245ztJpQAgucfD4sZFDTQUInlId5x23TOs0G1pIrtHHRmJjkF58gKa" style="width:481.35px;height:919.50px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#110000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11.5pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1852 Map of the Gunpowder River</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#990000;font-weight:700"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://jhir.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/34971&sa=D&ust=1600916555983000&usg=AOvVaw0zC7y6yCz70GrHI_i-Tvau" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">http://jhir.library.jhu.edu/<wbr>handle/1774.2/34971</a></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">I. The Triumph:</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Baltimore City’s effort to acquire a sustainable water supply between 1830 and the 1950s led to the rehabilitation of a watershed that had become developed and polluted. With paper mills (the Hoffman Mills), manufacturing (Warren) and Iron mines (Ridgley Iron Works), not to mention agricultural runoff and quarrying, the water of the gunpowder was suspect as a source of water for the city, its people, and to a lesser extent, its industry. Over the course of about 150 years, using eminent domain powers acquired by 1908 and bond money authorized by the Maryland legislature, a considerable portion of the lands of the watershed along the river were acquired by the city and turned back to nature. It was a triumph of the public good for the welfare of the majority.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">II. The History:</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">A) Who are its keepers?</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">There have been a number of people over the years who have been responsible for altering the course of the history of the Gunpowder watershed and promoting the keeping of its history. I will only mention a few:</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:18pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><hr style="page-break-before:always;display:none"><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:18pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:18pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Thomas H. Buckler</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:18pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:480.00px;height:640.00px"><img alt="" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/5r_UCtFM9kn59uZgs3KqIhW_VNcLr6USeqz2LH5eXi15gEb94LlgKCeJB3jrz5dU7r0BVfrqwtKi48ooSHPcVyB6SKSwZ-FxjjLReDxB2loLhsTBraJcWUI1SqnUXDn3J8OnVny7" style="width:480.00px;height:640.00px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.geni.com/people/Thomas-Buckler/6000000016737716013&sa=D&ust=1600916555985000&usg=AOvVaw3qU46LWsAbjxXHCJUn8wtC" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">Thomas Hepburn Buckler (1812-1901)</a></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">Except for </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://mdhistoryonline.net/mdmedicine/index.cfm&sa=D&ust=1600916555986000&usg=AOvVaw2KK2gti3HVZBwGhbonZeaW" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">Nancy Shead’s biographical work on Buckler</a></span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""> as a physician, there is no readily accessible biography of him. Yet , he more than anyone was responsible for both advocating the Gunpowder as a source of water for the city and advancing the public health reasons why pure water was necessary for public health. He began his advocacy as physician at the Baltimore County alms house before the Civil War. As late as 1885 the first daily newspaper in California, the</span><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> Daily Alta</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">, sang his praises:</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><h2 style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;padding-left:0pt;font-size:16pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding-top:10pt;border-right-width:0pt;padding-bottom:4pt;line-height:1.15;page-break-after:avoid;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0;padding-right:0pt"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:17pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Daily Alta California, Volume 39, Number 13018, 4 November 1885 — THE CHOLERA. </span></h2><h2 style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;padding-left:0pt;font-size:16pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding-top:10pt;border-right-width:0pt;padding-bottom:4pt;line-height:1.15;page-break-after:avoid;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0;padding-right:0pt"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a%3Dd%26d%3DDAC18851104.2.75%26srpos%3D%26e%3D-------en--20--1--txt-txIN------&sa=D&ust=1600916555986000&usg=AOvVaw1iUGZQ-8A42Jb-rSP7CUXB" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">(Source)</a></span></h2><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:308.00px;height:65.33px"><img alt="" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/LEA0UqziEbS1CU9UMocUo_IAbqnJ_QFKAkQkr9XAdYSszKxXcs7z8OpVI2yqLLcLkizAMYSUiWLdJLbp0Svb_YsxFUczg95hvsv4pVv_O7Fhu7jZmhAEDUhBSgMbsxIxWerXjZwK" style="width:308.00px;height:65.33px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:601.33px;height:110.67px"><img alt="" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/JhZmlY1xe5Od02NmwcFpxyeg0bYeDcrZSK0XgUJFjISX5Q6w3DHhEPtJUh9T1XyJjB73h-mL-U_7KH05FKr1cMcFTH8uvUIt2WjJoKW2yYUX9lVFAHNP2y_5vZDi5L5pujBa0-av" style="width:601.33px;height:110.67px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:602.67px;height:53.33px"><img alt="" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/RqzUjUXIYhwyaQpB2Pb39IdxRQiMxj_zvAI0vrUAplpmCEIXJjPYr83X0h5RRYMW9-gccGFGM_BftebY63phLfCAEm1uigntUVarFYQjY4oU4vk97OuEDivzH4Cx_wwXMPz5FUgt" style="width:602.67px;height:53.33px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:605.33px;height:121.33px"><img alt="" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/cL0lzR8PamRchdxtuQWoCofdvMFl3m0NT0YxTakcVBwIKZBHy4YfnTfoGcmXx_CSzAe1tnXrlPs8tRxHQDIAO_grFwPH7t0PNqyKavQeC6PmHQpIR9cYh6qlB8rIpeYMyJmj_pdB" style="width:605.33px;height:121.33px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p 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style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:center;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:428.00px;height:318.67px"><img alt="" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/F2d_upd5jChamXmOW6exsj7heWtTM3IRxbx_jDhiCHvtq2Po6KFM6qPtYDGticI2KETMqoMHZOAsC_JOLwPALKgpevHecfYgzyGZePk-Y1d6rYejvmCdy1duLqIfjHh1miygvJG8" style="width:428.00px;height:318.67px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:center;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:429.50px;height:998.84px"><img alt="" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/LN8IzFTZa66fW3AFPoDO7tCtxU_lfvzEMU7MlCeVzC1tqK5vLN6g1Yzj4PxgWHbcdS9mjf7vLXVvUfJ_WnnpsGDkL_9Qxc6GzAFRwudA_VE_V-EKrzsu7zinwkJ3ZVVl2mjF2cOD" style="width:429.50px;height:998.84px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a%3Dd%26d%3DDAC18851104.1.6%26e%3D-------en--20--1--txt-txIN------&sa=D&ust=1600916555988000&usg=AOvVaw3LNcG6MYQgYGOnfpBt_BXA" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">This article has been automatically clipped from the Daily Alta California, organised into a single column, then optimised for display on your computer screen. As a result, it may not look exactly as it did on the original page. The article can be seen in its original form in the page view.</a></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Buckler is best known for his acid tongue when it came to the slowness with which Baltimore addressed its health problems. Writing from the comfort of a European Spa, possibly paid for in part from income from the Gunpowder lands of his wife’s estate (she was a Ridgely), he opined that the best solution to the contamination problems of Baltimore harbor were to level Federal Hill into the basin, filling it up. He may have had another ulterior motive than public health as well. Federal Hill was the symbol of Union occupation of the city with its canons trained on the populace to keep order (they are still there today), Buckler was an ardent supporter of the South and fled to Europe to avoid the war.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:18pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:18pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">John McGrain</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:18pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:350.67px;height:425.33px"><img alt="" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/jGzbJ_6coDcG37btVs4SZIvnjKhCx96FA7g9-RhuK7WuReeN2X1oa8Pdr3xdGsDMBbvJ_1w4_vUAFvJIfKWOP9Rqf_UHH5HTMjo-1QgBBu-wArXfmsm3G-9D3yNKDtW-SsEiUGV5" style="width:350.67px;height:425.33px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">John McGrain’s work on mollinography is internationally recognized (</span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.amazon.com/Louis-Bergeron/e/B001H6QEB0&sa=D&ust=1600916555989000&usg=AOvVaw25i6QCvpZdWNuSmFUfgF25" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">Louis Bergeron</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> for example) and his career as a preservationist in Baltimore County is legendary. His most recent publication is on the history of Charles Street. His research on the Gunpowder is available on and off line at the Maryland State Archives and is indispensible for anyone interested in the mills and manufacturing in the gunpowder watershed.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:18pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Ron Parks</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:462.67px;height:462.67px"><img alt="" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/kPRDW-evB9jFdeuOeMUJLYbtyCiQ9Go9UTWXjEJo-GCT6Kuh-UJG7DSJzQsKvd5zBn27Fzg-Jib9JoO13UFB9YfjPub48djHCOUSlvgxAGtniXOe6sZCB-TBKr3vhnnZlJGkzP5l" style="width:462.67px;height:462.67px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">I strongly urge anyone interested in the history of Baltimore’s water supply to purchase Ron’s books, particularly this one which is a guide to all the good work he has done over the years to preserve the history of Baltimore’s water supply. Included is an extensive timeline relating to efforts to acquire water for the city that is invaluable to the study of the Gunpowder watershed.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:18pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:18pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Teri L. Rising</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-style:normal">History Underwater: Baltimore City, The Gunpowder River and Loch Raven Reservoir</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-style:normal">Oct 09, 2013 3:19:00 PM EDT</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:72pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Teri L. Rising</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:72pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Historic Preservation Planner, Baltimore County Department of Planning</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:72pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:72pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Over a hundred years ago, Baltimore City proposed building a dam that would bring water from the Gunpowder River to Baltimore City. While the reservoir would accomplish this goal, it would also destroy homes, communities, and create controversy between Baltimore City and County. As a historic planner and historian, I am often asked for the story behind Loch Raven reservoir. “History Underwater” is a brief summary of the project that would change the landscape of Baltimore County forever.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:72pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://publicworks.baltimorecity.gov/Bureaus/WaterWastewater/Water/HistoryoftheWaterSystem.aspx&sa=D&ust=1600916555992000&usg=AOvVaw0ymyempTGacXh15463d14C" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">Baltimore City</a></span><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> had long struggled to supply its citizens with clean water, but the increasing population caused natural sources to disappear and water contamination to increase. A drought in 1869 convinced city officials to look beyond the Jones Falls for sources of water and the</span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://catalog.bcpl.lib.md.us/polaris/search/searchresults.aspx?ctx%3D1.1033.0.0.6%26type%3DKeyword%26term%3D%2522gunpowder%2520river%2522%26by%3DKW%26sort%3DRELEVANCE%26limit%3DTOM%3Ddmc%26query%3D%26page%3D0%26searchid%3D63&sa=D&ust=1600916555992000&usg=AOvVaw3jJbi87dF-YhgtRkLF8XxB" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank"> Gunpowder River</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"> had been identified in 1853 as a possible choice.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:72pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:72pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">“This matter of water supply cannot be overestimated in its importance, and when the water of the Gunpowder shall have been conducted into the city, as it must of necessity be in the lapse of a few years, no city on this continent or in Europe will be able to boast of so great a bounty.”Mayor of Baltimore - 1872</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:72pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Construction began December 3, 1875 and the</span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://catalog.bcpl.lib.md.us/polaris/search/searchresults.aspx?ctx%3D1.1033.0.0.6%26type%3DKeyword%26term%3D%2522lower%2520dam%2522%26by%3DTI%26sort%3DRELEVANCE%26limit%3DTOM%3Ddmc%26query%3D%26page%3D0%26searchid%3D13&sa=D&ust=1600916555993000&usg=AOvVaw2it3BVCqVPNI3TB0wUbyVF" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank"> Loch Raven lower dam</a></span><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> was completed by 1881. The works consisted of a dam, which formed the reservoir, a tunnel connecting the reservoir with</span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://catalog.bcpl.lib.md.us/polaris/search/searchresults.aspx?ctx%3D1.1033.0.0.6%26type%3DKeyword%26term%3D%2522Lake%2520Montebello%2522%26by%3DTI%26sort%3DRELEVANCE%26limit%3DTOM%3Ddmc%26query%3D%26page%3D0%26searchid%3D15&sa=D&ust=1600916555994000&usg=AOvVaw3Or-14imH3KxOSKwAK7TWZ" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank"> Lake Montebello</a></span><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">, and a conduit connecting Lake Montebello to</span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://catalog.bcpl.lib.md.us/polaris/search/searchresults.aspx?ctx%3D1.1033.0.0.6%26type%3DKeyword%26term%3D%2522Lake%2520clifton%2522%26by%3DTI%26sort%3DRELEVANCE%26limit%3DTOM%3Ddmc%26query%3D%26page%3D0%26searchid%3D16&sa=D&ust=1600916555994000&usg=AOvVaw2IDPMXzK1mFT6JFaWpC5Gu" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank"> Lake Clifton</a></span><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">. That water tunnel is still used today. Officially named in 1877, “Loch Raven” was inspired by area landowner, Luke Raven, along with the addition of “Loch”, as Scottish for Lake. William Gilmor, owner of the</span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://catalog.bcpl.lib.md.us/polaris/search/searchresults.aspx?ctx%3D1.1033.0.0.6%26type%3DKeyword%26term%3D%2522glen%2520ellen%2522%26by%3DTI%26sort%3DRELEVANCE%26limit%3DTOM%3Ddmc%26query%3D%26page%3D0%26searchid%3D10&sa=D&ust=1600916555994000&usg=AOvVaw2mkwEWpWEO9lFE6jh0HVZa" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank"> "Glen Ellen"</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"> estate, has been credited as the source of the name.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:72pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:72pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">A polluted Jones Falls convinced officials to expand Loch Raven by adding an</span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://catalog.bcpl.lib.md.us/polaris/search/searchresults.aspx?ctx%3D1.1033.0.0.6%26type%3DKeyword%26term%3D%2522loch%2520raven%2522%2520and%25201st%26by%3DTI%26sort%3DRELEVANCE%26limit%3DTOM%3Ddmc%26query%3D%26page%3D0%26searchid%3D19&sa=D&ust=1600916555995000&usg=AOvVaw1xuROoF_Mt9XhEMlsM1MFe" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank"> upper dam</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">. Knowing that Baltimore City was scouting for land, the Warren Company secretly sold the town to the city in 1908 for a confidential price. The City Council conducted an investigation and concluded the acquisition was inappropriate and price too high. Negative press coverage resulted in serious criticism for officials and the deal was nullified by the Court of Appeals in 1913.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:72pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">After the upper dam was completed, the city implemented the</span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://catalog.bcpl.lib.md.us/polaris/search/searchresults.aspx?ctx%3D1.1033.0.0.6%26type%3DKeyword%26term%3D2nd%2520phase%26by%3DSU%26sort%3DRELEVANCE%26limit%3DTOM%3Ddmc%26query%3D%26page%3D0%26searchid%3D5&sa=D&ust=1600916555995000&usg=AOvVaw1vbxM_cVsEsyrtiP8Pcl53" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank"> next phase</a></span><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> and raised the spillway to the 240 feet maximum. In response, nearly 50 square miles were annexed in 1918. The annexation consumed many farms and mills and forced residents to relocate. City inspectors assigned values to the properties and negotiated their acquisition. Many sites were demolished and flooded; others were partially demolished and left to deteriorate within the watershed’s boundaries. Those affected had names like Morgan’s Mill,</span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://catalog.bcpl.lib.md.us/polaris/search/searchresults.aspx?ctx%3D1.1033.0.0.6%26type%3DKeyword%26term%3D%2522furnace%2520farm%2522%26by%3DKW%26sort%3DRELEVANCE%26limit%3DTOM%3Ddmc%26query%3D%26page%3D0%26searchid%3D40&sa=D&ust=1600916555996000&usg=AOvVaw0uwfhsln6FH0I8dgXI13FU" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank"> "Furnace Farm"</a></span><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">,</span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://catalog.bcpl.lib.md.us/polaris/search/searchresults.aspx?ctx%3D1.1033.0.0.6%26type%3DKeyword%26term%3Dvauxhall%26by%3DKW%26sort%3DRELEVANCE%26limit%3DTOM%3Ddmc%26query%3D%26page%3D0%26searchid%3D41&sa=D&ust=1600916555996000&usg=AOvVaw2nTOF6czoWtcP2rDid6SXD" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank"> "Vauxhall"</a></span><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">, and</span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://catalog.bcpl.lib.md.us/polaris/search/searchresults.aspx?ctx%3D1.1033.0.0.6%26type%3DKeyword%26term%3Dglen%2520ellen%26by%3DTI%26sort%3DRELEVANCE%26limit%3DTOM%3Ddmc%26query%3D%26page%3D0%26searchid%3D1&sa=D&ust=1600916555997000&usg=AOvVaw16G1GkFwE7-7jdHRE6CCK8" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank"> "Glen Ellen".</a></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:72pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:72pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Amidst lawsuits and accusations of impropriety, the last lands purchased for the final phase of the Loch Raven Reservoir included the towns of</span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://catalog.bcpl.lib.md.us/polaris/search/searchresults.aspx?ctx%3D1.1033.0.0.6%26type%3DBrowse%26term%3DMills%2520-%2520Textile%2520-%2520Warren%26by%3DSU%26sort%3DRELEVANCE%26limit%3DTOM%3D*%26query%3DMSH%3D%2527125239%2527%26page%3D0%26searchid%3D0&sa=D&ust=1600916555997000&usg=AOvVaw3_GqIHIi-KRYqOa7JT-WBV" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank"> Warren</a></span><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> and</span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://catalog.bcpl.lib.md.us/polaris/search/searchresults.aspx?ctx%3D1.1033.0.0.6%26type%3DBrowse%26term%3DMills%2520-%2520Textile%2520-%2520Phoenix%26by%3DSU%26sort%3DRELEVANCE%26limit%3DTOM%3D*%26query%3DSU%3D%2522MILLS%2520TEXTILE%2520PHOENIX%2522%26page%3D0%26searchid%3D0&sa=D&ust=1600916555998000&usg=AOvVaw1VT8q4JFhRyS6d-TRUSQMm" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank"> Phoenix</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">. When they were finally condemned in 1922, it cost the City one million dollars. Spectators made the trek and documented the dismantling and demolition of the village making Warren’s demise the best known and documented.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:72pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:72pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">If you are interested in learning more, or would like information about the sources I used for this blog, feel free to contact me at </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="mailto:trising@baltimorecountymd.gov" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">trising@baltimorecountymd.gov</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:72pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:72pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Further Reading</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:72pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.baltimorecountymd.gov/Agencies/planning/historic_preservation/index.html&sa=D&ust=1600916555999000&usg=AOvVaw3PL8EcfkKOReaGrcNuNfYh" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">Baltimore County Department of Planning, Preservation Services</a></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:72pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://cityservices.baltimorecity.gov/dpw/waterwastewater02/waterquality3.html&sa=D&ust=1600916555999000&usg=AOvVaw1VF4BQ-x-2oZIItyJTNnDv" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">Baltimore City Department of Public Works</a></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:72pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://publicworks.baltimorecity.gov/Bureaus/WaterWastewater/Water/HistoryoftheWaterSystem.aspx&sa=D&ust=1600916555999000&usg=AOvVaw0wVjoyUpIysnIokT9u-m7g" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">Baltimore City Department of Public Works History of the Water Supply</a></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:72pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.hsobc.org/&sa=D&ust=1600916555999000&usg=AOvVaw01H1ZjnXjLUpEgZ01zCTiW" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">Historical Society of Baltimore County</a></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:72pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.bcpl.info/&sa=D&ust=1600916556000000&usg=AOvVaw2ni8wJeR2exzppNNkmZwCp" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">Baltimore County Public Library Historic Photographs Collection</a></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:72pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://mht.maryland.gov/Survey_MIHP_Search.html&sa=D&ust=1600916556000000&usg=AOvVaw2Am5wKD2umhYrLqObvMrwu" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">Maryland Historical Trust - Maryland Inventory of Historic Properties</a></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:72pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://speccol.mdarchives.state.md.us/msa/speccol/catalog/cfm/dsp_number.cfm?speccol%3D4300&sa=D&ust=1600916556000000&usg=AOvVaw1yeEpTvDgqOmhxkJcJije4" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">John McGrain, The Molinography of Maryland: a tabulation of mills, furnaces, and primitive industries, Maryland State Archives, 2007</a></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:72pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Keywords: </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.baltimorecountymd.gov/News/BaltimoreCountyNow/keyword/baltimore%2520city%2520department%2520of%2520public%2520works&sa=D&ust=1600916556001000&usg=AOvVaw0DpYHxzz92TA8e_nb1wpew" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">baltimore city department of public works</a></span><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">,</span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.baltimorecountymd.gov/News/BaltimoreCountyNow/keyword/baltimore%2520county%2520department%2520of%2520public%2520works&sa=D&ust=1600916556001000&usg=AOvVaw2HnGbTcQf8OZEkHricGCn2" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank"> baltimore county department of public works</a></span><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">,</span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.baltimorecountymd.gov/News/BaltimoreCountyNow/keyword/baltimore%2520county%2520planning%2520department&sa=D&ust=1600916556001000&usg=AOvVaw2sD1kzXM1DONobHFCOgouW" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank"> baltimore county planning department</a></span><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">,</span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.baltimorecountymd.gov/News/BaltimoreCountyNow/keyword/baltimore%2520county%2520utilities&sa=D&ust=1600916556002000&usg=AOvVaw3rhdFT6lGw5nUxtjF1WVyb" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank"> baltimore county utilities</a></span><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">,</span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.baltimorecountymd.gov/News/BaltimoreCountyNow/keyword/gunpowder%2520river&sa=D&ust=1600916556002000&usg=AOvVaw3yevC3jlMhJpHDGxhhn4PN" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank"> gunpowder river</a></span><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">,</span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.baltimorecountymd.gov/News/BaltimoreCountyNow/keyword/history%2520of%2520loch%2520raven%2520reservoir&sa=D&ust=1600916556002000&usg=AOvVaw0XwK2px-0ReoS76iljTQ97" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank"> history of loch raven reservoir</a></span><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">,</span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.baltimorecountymd.gov/News/BaltimoreCountyNow/keyword/loch%2520raven%2520dam&sa=D&ust=1600916556002000&usg=AOvVaw1wZCxjX1HnQmOIFPiarE2-" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank"> loch raven dam</a></span><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">,</span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.baltimorecountymd.gov/News/BaltimoreCountyNow/keyword/loch%2520raven%2520reservoir&sa=D&ust=1600916556003000&usg=AOvVaw1naaLbkWkjH7hGPSl9yjxj" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank"> loch raven reservoir</a></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:18pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:18pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Dr. Charles Stine</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:288.00px;height:384.00px"><img alt="" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/awEf2JrrWEAISuQPKuChKALkjOCced2pc2FIzVffWG-D5fqnCDuqEtNU-kvn5rixysGNljU1cMsOEPlMjdjRJRLY2Bpb9Pwm1DEzNXuMALYrfoVn6kk3jfoizGL3R0YjYjXuwzkg" style="width:288.00px;height:384.00px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.jhu.edu/jhumag/0606web/darwin.html&sa=D&ust=1600916556003000&usg=AOvVaw3wiR2CdgLexCGO--RmSI4v" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">image from the Johns Hopkins Magazine</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">, 2006</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">and the mysterious</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:26pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;page-break-after:avoid;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="font-size:18pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-weight:700">“Gargonzola”</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:18pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";font-style:normal">. </span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">(Note that his article is about </span><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Warren</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> and that some of the web sources he cites no longer exist.)</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">by Gorgonzola</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Sun Mar 16 2003 at 14:37:16</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">One of Maryland's Lost Towns, a small Baltimore County mill town that met its fate at the hands of Progress.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Warren began its life in 1750 when King George III granted a certain Richard Britton land in the Gunpowder Falls Valley (the "Valley of Jehosophat"). The place was sustained by two grist mills, but probably couldn't properly be called a "town" until 1814, when a group of investors leased some of John Merryman's land to build a cotton mill. The investors included James A. Buchanan and a local Revolutionary War hero, General Samuel Smith. It is probably Smith we have to thank for the naming it after another Revolutionary War general, Joseph Warren, who was killed at the Battle of Bunker Hill. If you have read my writeup on Smith's estate Montebello you will recall that Buchanan was embezzling from the Second Bank of the United States at the time; enough to cause a financial panic in 1819. Smith and the other investors were ruined. The Warren mill continued to produce cotton ducking and calico cloth on and off through the booms and busts of the antebellum business cycle, and the company town was a sort of eastern Hell's Half Acre. That is, until Summerfield Baldwin acquired the mill beginning in 1864. The Baldwins, devout Methodists, managed to put the mill and community on a firm footing, building a schoolhouse and forbidding alcohol.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">But things were happening downstream. The City of Baltimore put its first dam on Gunpowder Falls for a water supply in the 1870's. Eventually, someone realized that Warren's privies were draining into the City's water supply and began efforts to condemn the town. In the meantime, the City's demands for water grew, and the water department began making plans for a higher dam. A 1908 attempt to secretly buy the mill resulted in a scandal. The full-scale dam had to be put off, and the original 1912 version of the upper dam was only 20 feet above the top of the lower dam</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">In 1922, the Baldwins finally accepted $1,000,000 for the mill and surrounding village. Residents were slow to leave, and many were shocked when crews moved in to cut down the trees, demolish the town mill, the churches, the gymnasium, and the century-old stone houses. Soon, the land on which Warren stood was drowned under the rising waters of Loch Raven Reservoir. As recently as the 1950's, some of the town's foundations could be seen poking out of the reservoir during years of severe drought.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Today, an area of southeastern Cockeysville along Warren Road is known as "Warren". A handful of the town's stone houses were moved to the area, but all of the land on which the village sat is now owned by the city, 45 feet under water, or covered by trees. Warren Road now crosses Loch Raven Reservoir on a concrete bridge, changing its name to Merrymans Mill Road on the other side.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Maryland Freestate Treasure Club -- The Treasures of Loch Raven</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"><a href="http://members.fortunecity.com/mdfreestate/lochraven.html" target="_blank">http://members.fortunecity.<wbr>com/mdfreestate/lochraven.html</a></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Treasures of Loch Raven</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"><a href="http://www.gunpowdervalley.org/" target="_blank">http://www.gunpowdervalley.<wbr>org/</a></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">An aerial view of Warren just before its destruction can be seen at</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"><a href="http://www.gunpowdervalley.org/WarrenframeddrawingA.JPG" target="_blank">http://www.gunpowdervalley.<wbr>org/WarrenframeddrawingA.JPG</a></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Baltimore County Public Library -- Baltimore County Legacy Web - W</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"><a href="http://external.bcpl.lib.md.us/hcdo/cfdocs/photolistw.cfm" target="_blank">http://external.bcpl.lib.md.<wbr>us/hcdo/cfdocs/photolistw.cfm</a></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Wilton L. Howard, "...The Town of Warren Flourished", The Baltimore Sun</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">All but Buckler and Stine have an easily findable presence on the web, but I will caution that that presence is not sustainable unless related to a permanent electronic archives maintained in perpetuity by public support. Already at least one very good website devoted to the history of the Gunpowder has disappeared into the ether (as Joseph Priestley might have referred to it).</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">B) Where are there untapped resources and who will make them available on line and in perpetuity?</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">When the AP history students of Western Technical School of Technology and Environmental Science in Catonsville produced their thoughtful and pioneering study of the history of the Baltimore Water Supply in 1999, their introduction pointed out the difficulty in finding the necessary sources to write the history of the communities that populated the watershed:</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Finding proper primary sources was quite difficult. This information was</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">locked away and kept in places that were inaccessible to our needs. The use of maps were helpful throughout the process, however, at times the accuracy of the maps were suspect due to the map making techniques of the period studied.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">What they did not know and had no easy way of finding out at the time was that, in addition to the work that Ron Parks had undertaken to preserve the Baltimore city records relating to the history of the water supply, there is an abundance of detailed and visual information about the efforts to acquire the watershed among the court records of the State.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Beginning in 1975, the Maryland State Archives began a program to save as much of the surviving court records in Maryland, particularly those relating to land ownership, as possible. For the purposes of exploring the history of the Gunpowder watershed, there are many examples, three of which have been placed on line as part of the virtual collection at the Maryland State Archives devoted to documenting and expanding the efforts of Ron Parks to make the sources of the history of the Baltimore City water supply accessible and permanently preserved.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">I will begin first with a volume preserved by Ron Parks, the companion of which disappeared before he began his efforts to collect the surviving record:</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.mdhistory.net/msa_sc5869_3/msa_sc5869_3_1/html/msa_sc5869_3_1-0001.html&sa=D&ust=1600916556007000&usg=AOvVaw2bcLdbvx1w-4EoVz3dCM3z" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">Report of the Valuation Commission to the City Solicitor of Baltimore</a></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.mdhistory.net/msa_sc5869_3/msa_sc5869_3_1/html/msa_sc5869_3_1-0001.html&sa=D&ust=1600916556008000&usg=AOvVaw3BE7_MpXumUNaq_-pUwPNL" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">concerning the Value of Land and Improvements</a></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.mdhistory.net/msa_sc5869_3/msa_sc5869_3_1/html/msa_sc5869_3_1-0001.html&sa=D&ust=1600916556008000&usg=AOvVaw3BE7_MpXumUNaq_-pUwPNL" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">Required by the City for Enlargement of the Water Supply, Volume 1</a></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.mdhistory.net/msa_sc5869_3/msa_sc5869_3_1/html/msa_sc5869_3_1-0001.html&sa=D&ust=1600916556009000&usg=AOvVaw1Z8Sk7niGHTv9oOb9pODJM" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">1921</a></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:485.33px"><img alt="" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/zfHv0bNHP_AP5dh1YCRNjF0QnZMhrfkIVXL70z0dlwvUtgza2hCIzuk65knXn6X_I3Tk29K06pkGrSrhQ49BPE_DWTppKy9kzoZoVvzWJHPDJE9G4MIqOQmmBzDl0aR7OjGpYcyj" style="width:624.00px;height:485.33px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">The town of Warren about to go underwater</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">To understand the process by which Baltimore city acquired the water rights to the Gunpowder watershed and the State came to establish parkland along it, the court records provide an unparalleled window of observation and analysis.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:344.00px"><img alt="" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ekffAu_818VJigJAKx_8Zjf3eMnLQrnzOzEMV7dsylBySMKgPyMLnKP8xyFzNm9BAflKmkqsPNNQfAv6l0VIVfnXmJvoVCtzQryyE-8QxU3Wk8lSBqRfLjAqB3bKu10Fy6DcPKaF" style="width:624.00px;height:344.00px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v%3DugStugIJ1qQ%26authuser%3D0&sa=D&ust=1600916556011000&usg=AOvVaw25E8f0vdUXANyXCB7lyNAs" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?<wbr>v=ugStugIJ1qQ&authuser=0</a></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="font-size:18pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">The Records:</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:700">1) </span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">THE MAYOR AND CITY COUNCIL OF BALTIMORE vs. THE WARREN MANUFACTURING COMPANY, and SUMMERFIELD BALDWIN., 59 Md. 96 (1882)</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://mdsa.net/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5300/sc5339/000062/000000/000072/restricted/59md96_shepherd.tif&sa=D&ust=1600916556012000&usg=AOvVaw0I1k2YfwXiigosJx1SB-13" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">Shepherdized results</a></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://mdsa.net/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5300/sc5339/000062/000000/000072/unrestricted/sc5458_51_234/html/sc5458_000051_000234-0001.html&sa=D&ust=1600916556012000&usg=AOvVaw37mjBx8U2RTTGvjgyVoXgC" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">COURT OF APPEALS (Briefs) April Term 1882 No. 127 [MSA S 375-128, 1/64/14/9]</a></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">BALTIMORE COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT (Equity Docket) Volume 8 Page 164 [MSA C 326-8, 2/49/8/7]</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://mdsa.net/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5300/sc5339/000062/000000/000072/unrestricted/sc5458_51_236/html/sc5458_000051_000236-0001.html&sa=D&ust=1600916556012000&usg=AOvVaw2j0KCLkengwsjdYb7Tq42W" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">BALTIMORE COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT (Equity Papers) Box 741 Case No. 4714 [MSA T 696, 0/35/6/17]</a></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="font-weight:700;font-family:"Georgia"">2)</span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""> </span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Warren Manufacturing Company of Baltimore County v. The Mayor & City Council of Baltimore et al., 119 Md. 188, 1911-1912</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://mdsa.net/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5300/sc5339/000062/000000/000066/unrestricted/sc5458_000051_000186.tif&sa=D&ust=1600916556013000&usg=AOvVaw1zjge28NlyzKCHKNJFWe_Y" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">COURT OF APPEALS (Docket) October Term 1912 No. 22, Volume CCM 1 page 374 [MSA S 412-16, 1/67/6/2]</a></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://mdsa.net/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5300/sc5339/000062/000000/000066/unrestricted/sc5458_000051_000187/html/index.html&sa=D&ust=1600916556013000&usg=AOvVaw2qJ7jNVnFeUg_P4UMG7oiF" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">COURT OF APPEALS (Briefs) October Term 1912 No. 22 [MSA T 2088, 1/65/3]</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> (2 vols.)</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://mdsa.net/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5300/sc5339/000062/000000/000066/unrestricted/sc5458-51-188/html/sc5458_000051_000188-0001.html&sa=D&ust=1600916556014000&usg=AOvVaw0t1V0HlQAixM0N0WVU0x4T" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">COURT OF APPEALS (Miscellaneous Papers) October Term 1912 No. 22 [MSA S 397-50, 1/65/6/33]</a></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://mdsa.net/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5300/sc5339/000062/000000/000066/unrestricted/sc5458-51-189/html/sc5458_000051_000189-0001.html&sa=D&ust=1600916556014000&usg=AOvVaw2LTHdmifRgcG2LpXY7HYem" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">COURT OF APPEALS (Opinions) October Term 1912 No. 22 [MSA S 393-159, 1/65/14/9]</a></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">BALTIMORE CITY CIRCUIT COURT (Equity Docket, Index) 1853-1982, MAV-MEN [MSA CM 1295-20, CR 69,129]</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">BALTIMORE CITY CIRCUIT COURT (Equity Docket A, Miscellaneous) Volume 51A pp.</span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://mdsa.net/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5300/sc5339/000062/000000/000066/unrestricted/sc5458_000051_000190-0001.jpg&sa=D&ust=1600916556014000&usg=AOvVaw1NzrJKuxzUCQTWri0CJjWd" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank"> 322</a></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">,</span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://mdsa.net/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5300/sc5339/000062/000000/000066/unrestricted/sc5458_000051_000190-0002.jpg&sa=D&ust=1600916556015000&usg=AOvVaw0L8cTqqiFbAskmw6jndrEp" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank"> 445</a></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">,</span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://mdsa.net/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5300/sc5339/000062/000000/000066/unrestricted/sc5458_000051_000190-0003.jpg&sa=D&ust=1600916556015000&usg=AOvVaw0moSHuLHNQMc8VRf_5HQ7m" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank"> 452</a></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> and</span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://mdsa.net/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5300/sc5339/000062/000000/000066/unrestricted/sc5458_000051_000190-0004.jpg&sa=D&ust=1600916556015000&usg=AOvVaw3YHxvNrgTmK_4mFZdqVBOB" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank"> 459</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> [MSA T 55-51, 3/4/1/34]</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">BALTIMORE CITY CIRCUIT COURT (Equity Papers A, Miscellaneous) Boxes 2813 & 2814 Case No. A6166 [MSA T 53, 3/8/8/26 & 3/8/8/27]</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://mdsa.net/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5300/sc5339/000062/000000/000066/unrestricted/sc5458-62-11/html/sc5458-62-11_0001.html&sa=D&ust=1600916556016000&usg=AOvVaw2Vo8ZKY7fNyLIsWJCuWWvS" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">Blueprints of Warren Manufacturing buildings</a></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://mdsa.net/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5300/sc5339/000062/000000/000066/unrestricted/warren_manufacturing.PDF&sa=D&ust=1600916556016000&usg=AOvVaw29UYM1OoyL3D7f91JQQ1vC" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">BALTIMORE CITY ARCHIVES, Law Department, RG 13-1-13225k, newspaper clipping file.</a></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Bromley Atlas of Baltimore County, 1915,</span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://mdsa.net/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5300/sc5339/000062/000000/000066/unrestricted/warren_1915_bromley.jpg&sa=D&ust=1600916556016000&usg=AOvVaw3EjLdzuv377J2vTwcJZHPF" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank"> detail from plate 38 of Warren, Maryland on the Gunpowder River.</a></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="font-weight:700;font-family:"Georgia"">3 ) </span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">William H. Hoffman v. Warren Mfg.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://mdsa.net/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5300/sc5339/000231/000000/000001/restricted/62md165.pdf&sa=D&ust=1600916556017000&usg=AOvVaw1vFGU2SIUt3SulHoCSHFH9" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">62 Md. 162</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">, 1884</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Trial Court Records</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://mdsa.net/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5300/sc5339/000231/000000/000001/restricted/msa_sc5458_51_4035-1.pdf&sa=D&ust=1600916556017000&usg=AOvVaw2RG8blesceBrzRsb6jhNie" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">BALTIMORE COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT (Civil Docket) Hoffman v. Warren Mfg., 1883, Liber WMI 15, pp. 173, 249, 280, MdHR 20,222-14 [MSA C358-14, 2/48/14/14]</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Appellate Court Records</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://mdsa.net/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5300/sc5339/000231/000000/000001/restricted/msa_sc5458_51_4035-2.pdf&sa=D&ust=1600916556018000&usg=AOvVaw10HLwiVlzmQnwm4qVLcaUe" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">COURT OF APPEALS (Docket) Warren Mfg. v. Hoffman, 1884, April Term, no. 59, Liber SCJ 1, p. 348, MdHR 637 [MSA S412-11, 1/66/14/42]</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://mdsa.net/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5300/sc5339/000231/000000/000001/restricted/msa_sc5458_51_4035-3.pdf&sa=D&ust=1600916556018000&usg=AOvVaw2i8zpWJU2jEsh2RLUHIdPu" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">COURT OF APPEALS (Opinions) Warren Mfg. v. Hoffman, 1884, April Term, no. 59, MdHR 707-88 [MSA S393-74, 1/65/13/020]</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.msa.md.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5300/sc5339/000062/000000/000077/unrestricted/sc5458_51_242/html/sc5458_000051_000242-0001.html&sa=D&ust=1600916556018000&usg=AOvVaw38p9ReVIBhqE30_wJlkZuc" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">COURT OF APPEALS (Judgments) Warren Mfg. v. Hoffman, 1884, April Term, no. 59, MdHR 683-503 [MSA S381-328, 1/63/08/008]</a></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Scanned as msaref 5458-51-4035</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">4) Acquisition of Hoffman Property by Baltimore City</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">2 July 1901:</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hoffman lands sold to Rockdale Powder Co.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://mdsa.net/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5300/sc5339/000231/000000/000010/restricted/ce62_245_476.pdf&sa=D&ust=1600916556019000&usg=AOvVaw3H3GDaHrkcrN21fakCgqx7" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">BA Land Records, MBM 245, p. 476-488</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">; Carroll Land Records JHB 93, p. 266-285 (note that both deeds are the same).</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Land sold for $100,000. 7 tracts of land, totaling 1160 acres.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">30 December 1924:</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Rockdale sold lands to Title Guarantee & Trust Co.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://mdsa.net/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5300/sc5339/000231/000000/000010/restricted/wpc_605_216.pdf&sa=D&ust=1600916556020000&usg=AOvVaw0pHCgD6kxET6ZXSd1hy0Fx" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">BA Land Records 605, p. 216-231 [CE62-506]</a></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">;</span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://mdsa.net/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5300/sc5339/000231/000000/000010/restricted/emm_144_505.pdf&sa=D&ust=1600916556021000&usg=AOvVaw0V1fWieMdqZ-1t5V_S_aYD" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank"> Carroll Land Records WMM 144, p. 505-514 [CE56-132]</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> (note that both deeds are the same).</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">7 tracts of land, totaling 1160 acres. Sold for $5.00 and "other valuable considerations."</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:700">14 January 1925</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> Title Guarantee & Trust Co. sold land to Mayor & City Council, 14 January 1925</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://mdsa.net/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5300/sc5339/000231/000000/000010/restricted/wpc_627_416.pdf&sa=D&ust=1600916556022000&usg=AOvVaw145BYe_hPvLEoUMoC8Ajie" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">BA Land Records WPC 627, p. 416-416 [CE62-627]</a></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">The city bought the land for $5.00 and "other valuable considerations" (i.e. a player to be named later). Land purchased for the construction of Prettyboy Dam.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://mdsa.net/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5300/sc5339/000231/000000/000010/restricted/mill_locations.pdf&sa=D&ust=1600916556022000&usg=AOvVaw2GnDR9oGVYVYEiGfTpDdhW" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">Map showing locations of paper mills in northern Baltimore County</a></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Hoffman & Sons owned Gunpowder, Clipper, Rockdale, and Hoffman (at Silver Run) paper mills. Not shown on the map is the Hoffman's Marble Vale mill, located on Paper Mill Road, near Cockeysville, which burned in 1888.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Map from McGrain, </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">From Pig Iron to Cotton Duck</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">, p. 269.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:30pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Sources:</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:30pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">John W. McGrain, </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">From Pig Iron to Cotton Duck: A History of Manufacturing Villages in Baltimore County</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">, vol. 1, p. 274-279.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:30pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Mary A. Seitz, </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">The History of the Hoffman Paper Mills in Maryland</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">, p. 51-53.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><hr style="page-break-before:always;display:none"><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">III. The Challenge:</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">A) sustaining the triumph</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">The only way that the success of preserving the Gunpowder watershed can be sustained is by the public realizing that the resources represented by the watershed (tree cover, naturally ‘clean’ water, etc) must be preserved from development and managed by public entitities paid for by tax dollars. I leave that discussion to others</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">B) keeping the memory of what transpired</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">If we don’t pay attention to the care, preservation, and access of the memories of the past as represented in the surviving public and private records, much of the lessons of the triumph will be lost and our understanding of the human experience on the land and its instructive power for the future will we lost. We will be condemned as George Santayana warned us, to repeat the sins of the past.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it. </span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">George Santayana</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"></span></p></div></body></html>ecpcliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01498580508411177787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1033015240460437200.post-90172608070133180272020-09-09T19:57:00.001-07:002020-09-09T20:41:27.335-07:00Laurel Cemetery by Nancy Sheads, June 29, 2013<html><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body><div style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:54pt 72pt 72pt 72pt;max-width:468pt"><h1 style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:20pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;page-break-after:avoid;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#597086;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:22.5pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Laurel Cemetery</span></h1><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:17pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.385;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">posted in </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#ff8f85;font-weight:400"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://monumentalcity.wordpress.com/category/laurel-cemetery/&sa=D&ust=1599712756016000&usg=AOvVaw3xuFx8jIfhi-eCNvn5zMXE" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">Laurel Cemetery</a></span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400"> by </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#ff8f85;font-weight:400"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://monumentalcity.wordpress.com/author/nancyb140/&sa=D&ust=1599712756016000&usg=AOvVaw1Z-fHRVnCn_2X3tCbNijTA" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">Nancy Sheads</a></span></p><p style="padding-top:0pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:17pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.385;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#ff8f85;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">June 29, 2013</span></p><p style="padding-top:22pt;margin:0;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:15pt;line-height:1.846;background-color:#eeeeee;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:645.33px"><img alt="Location of Laurel Cemetery. Detail from Frank A. Gray. New Map of Baltimore, 1876. Maryland State Archives, MSA SC 1427-1-28" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/MLHcEd-oiRQ2lxebtHQbfofx-907xEqHXBQL7eRD0ojwOdoYR8hFDaqRXWlD8kbpke7W4PcQvPrPaYrdGekZkhq-E7pPPTdWyqHp9x0FRfXPgRKmH0ukS8yEB9EbzGtcDaIcZ39W" style="width:624.00px;height:645.33px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#eeeeee;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.846;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Location of Laurel Cemetery. Detail from Frank A. Gray. New Map of Baltimore, 1876. Maryland State Archives, MSA SC 1427-1-28.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.0;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Laurel Cemetery was incorporated on July 14, 1852 “a resting place for colored persons.” Located in the 2300 block of Bel Air Road near a proposed (but not final) location for the Johns Hopkins University, the cemetery consisted of 25 acres with entrances on Gay Street extended and on Eastern Avenue.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.0;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.0;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="background-color:#f8f8f8;color:#888888;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">The ground is handsomely located, with a commanding eminence, and contains about twenty-eight acres. It will be neatly laid out and surrounded with a permanent wall, with handsome gateways, public chapel, reception room and keeper’s lodge. The great necessity of an appropriate place of sepulture for the exclusive use of the colored population has long been felt, and we doubt not that Laurel Cemetery will in every way supply this want.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:right;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.0;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="background-color:#f8f8f8;color:#888888;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">– The Sun (Baltimore) 16 August 1851: 2</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.0;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">The cemetery was the pride of the Black community and was the final resting place of numerous prominent community leaders.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.0;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.0;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">In 1870, military and civic organizations participated in Memorial Day ceremonies in the cemetery honoring Black Union soldiers buried there as well as celebrating the ratification of the fifteenth amendment to the Constitution. An estimated 240 black Civil War veterans were buried in Laurel Cemetery and their graves were routinely decorated for Memorial Day for many years.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.0;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.0;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">In 1886, Issac Jones, a grave digger at the cemetery, was convicted of grave robbing. After his conviction, Jones admitted to robbing over 200 graves and “…that it afforded him much amusement to see the people go out to Laurel Cemetery and plant flowers on graves that had no occupants.”</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.0;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.0;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">By the 1920s, the cemetery fell on hard times. The absence of a perpetual care fund meant that fund for the maintenance of the cemetery were insufficient to keep the grounds well-tended. As the cemetery became run-down, neighbors began using the grounds to dump refuse. In time, the city received complaints that the cemetery was a health and safety hazard, being a haven for vagrants and criminals. The cemetery had become so overgrown that family members had to clear a path to visit the graves of family members.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.0;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.0;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">In the 1950s, efforts were made to clean up the cemetery, but a series of legal actions by the city’s Law Department resulted in the cemetery being destroyed without the permission of the legal lot owners. Although the NAACP initiated litigation to preserve the rights of the lot owners, the long legal battle resulted in the closure of the cemetery in 1958 and the removal of a portion of the remains to a </span><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#ff8f85;font-weight:400"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page%3Dcr%26GScid%3D2266662%26CRid%3D2266662%26pt%3DLaurel%2520Cemetery%26&sa=D&ust=1599712756018000&usg=AOvVaw1tth2-swRunLmJwq_Ofp58" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">cornfield in Carroll County</a></span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">. The land was sold to developers and a shopping center was built on the site. Although an several thousand people were buried at Laurel Cemetery, it appears that only the remains of two hundred were moved to the Carroll County site. It is assumed that the remainder are still buried under the parking lot of the shopping center.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.0;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.0;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:700">SOURCES</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">: “Laurel Cemetery” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400"> (Baltimore) July 12, 1852; Ralph Clayton, </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#ff8f85;font-weight:400"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1556130805?ie%3DUTF8%26tag%3Dmedicacareint-20%26linkCode%3Das2%26camp%3D1789%26creative%3D9325%26creativeASIN%3D1556130805&sa=D&ust=1599712756019000&usg=AOvVaw0-deLMG0MeblBV3n0akDHV" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">Black Baltimore 1820-1870</a></span><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:1.33px;height:1.33px"><img alt="" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/9levUpnLsiQAsG_qnWXs4jUMb6xeRiGiHOofNUCzgpDJJqHKnIqxnBtkS_aPquGqVUcaeTL1aIxHxJyq0bqx8FlQRSHdkcXxzOI-NBHEPX9wQMfyh67ADfODUP6DHaELiEC4bUDT" style="width:1.33px;height:1.33px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400"> (Westminster: Heritage Books, 1987): 41; “Robbing Graves” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">(Baltimore) December 4, 1885; “Decorating Soldier’s Graves–The Observance and Ceremonies To-Day” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(Baltimore), May 30, 1870.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.0;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><h3 style="border-right-style:solid;color:#434343;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:14pt;background-color:#ffffff;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.846;page-break-after:avoid;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:13pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Sources for Burial Information</span></h3><ul style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Find A Grave – </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#ff8f85;font-weight:400"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page%3Dcr%26CRid%3D81138%26CScn%3DLaurel%2Bcemetery%26CScntry%3D4%26CSst%3D22%26CScnty%3D1210%26&sa=D&ust=1599712756020000&usg=AOvVaw3Ljm1MPePLWB8MG-yVJodi" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">Laurel Cemetery</a></span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> (former Baltimore City site)</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Find A Grave – </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#ff8f85;font-weight:400"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page%3Dcr%26CRid%3D2266662%26CScn%3DLaurel%2Bcemetery%26CScntry%3D4%26CSst%3D22%26CScnty%3D1192%26&sa=D&ust=1599712756021000&usg=AOvVaw3_ByyP9mRnk8TdpB33kFIO" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">Laurel Cemetery</a></span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> (current site in Johnsville, Carroll County, Md.)</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">A partial list of burials at Laurel Cemetery derived from obituaries in the </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Afro-American</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400"> and </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400"> newspapers can be found in Ralph Clayton, </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#ff8f85;font-weight:400"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1556130805?ie%3DUTF8%26tag%3Dmedicacareint-20%26linkCode%3Das2%26camp%3D1789%26creative%3D9325%26creativeASIN%3D1556130805&sa=D&ust=1599712756022000&usg=AOvVaw3ag2UPpgBxxGFzi6up970S" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">Black Baltimore 1820-1870</a></span><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:1.33px;height:1.33px"><img alt="" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/92GGQOQPvbCGhH8d473KUiSlYfaCR-DJu7_wYzgFxGbNjtQYpDA8Dp0HLm2p9G9x4pxFu_SuBRyEf6tVIfPAFgSloBW37Et8q_fCr93QK3oSWct5_Z22K3iPrwSj7UhVwDBRXAb-" style="width:1.33px;height:1.33px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> Westminster: Heritage Books, 1987. This listing also includes names of those whose remains were moved to the new cemetery in Carroll County.</span></li></ul><h3 style="border-right-style:solid;color:#434343;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:14pt;background-color:#ffffff;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.846;page-break-after:avoid;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:18pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Timeline</span></h3><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.846;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1851</span></p><ul style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Announcement of a new burial ground, “designated for the use of the colored population of the city.”<br>— “Laurel Cemetery,” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun</span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> (Baltimore) 16 August 1851: 2.</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Consecration of the new burial site, including a voluntary by the Sharp Street and Bethel Church Choirs, prayers by Rev. R. S. Killen and Rev. Samuel W. Chase, sermon by Rev. Thomas H. Stockton, and benediction by Rev. Nathaniel Peck.<br>— Advertisement, </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun</span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> (Baltimore) 18 October 1851: 2</span></li></ul><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.846;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1852</span></p><ul style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Cemetery established as “a resting place for colored persons, situated on the eastern side of Gay street extended, about 300 yards beyond the Baltimore cemetery. The ground comprises about 25 acres, most located, having two entrances on Gay street extended, the rear binding on the contemplated Eastern avenue, and easily accessible. A very substantial rail fence already encloses the grounds, which are laid off into seventeen areas, each capable of receiving several thousand bodies.”<br>— “Laurel Cemetery” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun</span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> (Baltimore) 12 July 1852</span></li></ul><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.846;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1854</span></p><ul style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Mausoleum and gate house are built and the grounds have been laid out with gravel walks.</span></li></ul><hr style="page-break-before:always;display:none"><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.0;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="background-color:#f8f8f8;color:#888888;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Already several hundred lots have been purchased, and over a hundred interments taken place. In some instances the lots are enclosed with ornamental railings of cast iron, and handsome marble slabs marking the resting place of the deceased.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:right;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.0;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="background-color:#f8f8f8;color:#888888;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">— “Laurel Cemetery,” Sun (Baltimore) 9 June 1854: 1.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.846;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1857</span></p><ul style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Notice in Baltimore </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">that 250 shares of Laurel Cemetery offered at auction by Baltimore Exchange by F. W. Bennett & Co., Auctioneers.<br>— Advertisement, </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun</span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> (Baltimore) 10 November 1857</span></li></ul><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.846;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1858</span></p><ul style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Notice in the Baltimore Sun reporting verdict in favor of the plaintiff for $869 in the case of Solomon H. Phillips vs. the Laurel Cemetery.<br>— “Proceedings of the Court” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun</span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> (Baltimore) 6 March 1858: 1</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Notice in the Baltimore </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">“To the Colored People of Baltimore” that the Laurel Cemetery office has moved to the west side of Courtland Street, two doors south of Saratoga. “Lots and Burials at Reasonable Rates.”<br>— Advertisement, </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun</span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> (Baltimore) 26 October 1858</span></li></ul><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.846;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1867</span></p><ul style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Funeral of the Rev. Samuel W. Chase, a Presbyterian minister buried in Laurel Cemetery.<br>— “Funeral of a Colored Clergyman” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(Baltimore) 1 April 1867: 1</span></li></ul><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.846;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1867</span></p><ul style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Robert Mills, age 67, died on December 15th and was buried in Laurel Cemetery the following Wednesday<br>— Obituary, Robert Mills. </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(Baltimore) 18 December 1867</span></li></ul><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.846;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1869</span></p><ul style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Advertisement</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400"> in the Sun by J. K. Emory offering a $2 reward for return of a book left in the Gay Street cars that contained the names of lot owners in Laurel Cemetery.<br>— Lost and Found. </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(Baltimore) 9 July 1869</span></li></ul><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.846;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1870</span></p><ul style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Celebration in Laurel Cemetery honoring Union soldiers buried at the cemetery. Military and civic organizations that participated in the celebration of the ratification of the fifteenth amendment to the Constitution marched in procession on Belair Road to the cemetery. Address by A. Ward Handy after decoration of the graves.<br>— “Decorating Soldier’s Graves–The Observance and Ceremonies To-Day” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(Baltimore) 30 May 1870</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Advertisement in the Sun offering $3 reward for return of deed to Lot No. 2 in Area C of Laurel Cemetery lost on the 17th. Deed originally in the name of William Paraway, then transferred to B. Laws, then to Mary J. Bowser</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:700">.<br></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">— Lost and Found. </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(Baltimore) 27 October 1870</span></li></ul><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.846;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1873</span></p><ul style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Execution of James West in Baltimore and Levin Palmer in Towsontown. West was convicted of the murder of Annie Gibson with a hatchet while she was lying in bed. After his execution, West was buried in Old Cathedral Cemetery. Levin Palmer was convicted of the rape of Mary Sengle, a young German woman. After his execution, Palmer was buried in Laurel Cemetery.<br>— “Gallows Scene in Maryland: Execution of Two Colored Men.” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun</span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> (Baltimore) 23 August 1873</span></li></ul><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.846;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1874</span></p><ul style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Article in the Sun announcing preparations by members of various African American associations for celebrations on June 1st, when the graves of soldiers and sailors buried in Baltimore will be decorated with flowers. “The chief point will be Laurel Cemetery, Belair road, where the largest number of colored soldiers and sailors are interred.”<br>— “Graves of Colored Soldiers and Sailors.” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">The Sun</span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> (Baltimore) 9 May 1874</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Final arrangements made during meeting held at the Douglas Institute for the decoration of the graves of African American soldiers on June 1st. The gates of Laurel Cemetery will be opened at 10 o’ clock to avoid a rush and Police Marshal Fray suggested that families be sent out as early in the day as possible.<br>— “Decorating Colored Soldiers Graves.” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(Baltimore) 20 May 1874</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">An estimated 8,000 people in Laurel Cemetery during the formal ceremonies to honor Union dead. Address by Professor Langston, acting president of Howard University. Afterwards, “Johnson’s band played the Star Spangled Banner.The duty of strewing flowers on the graves, some three hundred in number, was then entered upon. This completed, the clubs formed into line and marched from the cemetery and thence to the city. The cars of the Gay street line were taxed to the fullest extent of their capacity in transporting the colored people to the city. Among those who walked there was some confusion shortly after the great crowd poured out of the cemetery into the Belair road, but there was no serious disorder.”<br>— “Colored Soldiers’ Memorial Day” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun</span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> (Baltimore) 2 June 1874</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">C. H. Gross, an African American hack driver, was run over when he got down from his seat to adjust a portion of the harness. The horses bolted and Gross was dragged two blocks. The hack was part of a funeral cortege that was traveling from Orchard street to Laurel Cemetery. Gross was taken to Washington University where he was treated by Dr. Reynolds. He was not expected to survive his injuries.<br>— “A Hack Driver Run Over.” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun</span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> (Baltimore) 14 August 1874</span></li></ul><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.846;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1876</span></p><ul style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Funeral of Henry W. Martin, aged 76, who died the previous Saturday, was buried in Laurel Cemetery. Martin was a trustee and a fifty-year member of Sharp Street M. E. Church.<br>— “Funeral of Well Known Colored Man” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun</span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> (Baltimore) 20 September 1876</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Funeral of John H. Camphor, who was shot and killed by William Cornish at the oyster house of Francis J. Ruth. Interment in Laurel Cemetery.<br>— “The Funeral of John H. Camphor” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(Baltimore) 5 October 1876</span></li></ul><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.846;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1877</span></p><ul style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sixty-eight lots are deeded by the Laurel Cemetery Company of Baltimore to the U.S. Government in area No. 1 of the cemetery where a number of soldiers have been buried at the expense of the government.<br>— “Brief Locals” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(Baltimore) 21 March 1877</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Funeral of James Wilson from Tessler Street M. E. Church. Interment in Laurel Cemetery.<br>— “Brief Locals”</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400"> Sun </span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(Baltimore) 5 May 1877</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">“A colored man living in the western part of Hamburg street attempted to commit suicide with a pistol yesterday morning, on account of the lost of $80 while attending decoration celebration at Laurel Cemetery, but was prevented by policeman Gibson, who took the weapon away.”<br>— “Brief Locals” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(Baltimore) 1 June 1877</span></li></ul><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.846;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1878</span></p><ul style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Archibald Nicholson, known to be nearly 100 years old, died of old age on the previous Thursday and was buried in Laurel Cemetery. “He was a body servant of Mr. Daniel Bowly, at “Feuilly” on the Belair road, three miles from the city, and in the war of 1812 was with his brother captured by the British army, but escaped at night. Since he gained his freedom he has been cared for by descendants of his former owners, who bore the expenses of his funeral.”<br>— “An Old Man.” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(Baltimore) 9 March 1878</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Funeral of Enoch Cummings, late president of the trustees of the Centennial M. E. Church. Interment in Laurel Cemetery.<br>— Funeral of a Colored Man.” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(Baltimore) 10 May 1878</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Funeral of Ida Black who was shot the previous Tuesday in Anne Arundel County by Rose Stewart. Interment in Laurel Cemetery.<br>— “Ida Black” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(Baltimore) 5 July 1878</span></li></ul><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.846;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1879</span></p><ul style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Funeral of Charles Johnson, aged 16, who drowned the previous day. Interment in Laurel Cemetery.<br>— “A Colored Bootblack Drowned” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(Baltimore) 22 August 1878</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Funeral of William E. Wilson¸”an active politician among the colored voters of the fifth ward.” Interment in Laurel Cemetery.<br>— “Funeral of a Colored Politician” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(Baltimore) 29 April 1879</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Funeral of Theodore Vessey, an employee of the Sun. Interment in Laurel Cemetery.<br>— “The Funeral of Theodore Vessey” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(Baltimore) 6 May 1879</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Triplets born to the wife of George H. Hawkins (a boy and two girls) died and were buried together at Laurel Cemetery.<br>— “Birth and Death of Triplets.” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(Baltimore) 7 July 1879</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">“A child of Caleb Johnson, colored, No. 20 Smith street, died on last Tuesday¸and was taken to Laurel Cemetery Thursday morning for interment, but the colored undertaker, who had been paid $3 for the burial of the child, got drunk, and failed to have the grave dug, so the corpse had to be taken back home. Yesterday morning the family again raised money enough for the burial.”<br>— “Get Drunk and Spoiled Funeral” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(Baltimore) 12 July 1879</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Funeral of Susan Lawrence, shot dead by Frank Brogden. Interment in Laurel Cemetery. “A large crowd of curious persons, both white and colored, gathered about the house as the time for the funeral approached, and there was a general expression of sentiment against the man who shot her.”<br>— “Buried at Laurel Cemetery” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(Baltimore) 21 August 1879</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Alice Moore and her daughter Josephine Moore are arrested on suspicion of causing the death of Josephine’s infant child. Testimony showed the Alice Moore, aged 40, and her daughter, aged 17, lived in a small house back of Laurel Cemetery, on Loney Lane.<br>— “Charge of Infanticide” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(Baltimore) 4 September 1879</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Case of State vs. Alice Moore was tried in Baltimore County Circuit Court. Jury returned verdict of not guilty and the defendant, as well as her daughter who had been detained as a witness, were discharged.<br>— “Trial for Murder and Acquital” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(Baltimore) 10 October 1879</span></li></ul><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.846;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1880</span></p><ul style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Funeral of Isaac Johnson, “the colored man who lost his life on Saturday in the vain endeavor to rescue from death the two white men, C. R. Smith and R. A. McCauley, who were suffocated on a night-soil barge.” Interment in Laurel Cemetery.<br>— “The Tragedy on the Patapsco” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(Baltimore) 17 February 1880</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Riot occurs at Laurel Cemetery at the close of ceremonies for decorating the graves of Union soldiers buried at the cemetery. The affray arose out of the part of a refusal on the part of a colored man to pay for drinks obtained for himself and friends at a bar opposite the entrance of the cemetery. Chief of County Police Joseph A. Neumeyer is of opinion that the disturbance was premeditated on the part of those originating it, as some colored men were heard to say an hour and a half-before the fight commenced that they had come out to “clean things,” and intended to whip the county police if they interferred.” Charles Morsell was killed by one of the rioters who was shooting indiscriminately.</span></li></ul><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.0;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="background-color:#f8f8f8;color:#888888;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">The body of Morsell was placed in a vault in the cemetery, and remained there until yesterday morning, when it was brought into the city and taken to the residence of his grandmother…. His funeral took place in the afternoon from the house of his grandmother…. The remains were interred in Laurel Cemetery.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:right;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.0;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="background-color:#f8f8f8;color:#888888;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">— “The Laurel Cemetery Riot” Sun (Baltimore) 6 June 1880</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.846;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1882</span></p><ul style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Funeral of Thomas Jackson, many years a messenger in the treasurer’s office of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad at Camden Station. Interment at Laurel Cemetery.<br>— </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(Baltimore) 7 April 1882</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Funeral of Harrison Waters, fireman, killed in the boiler explosion at A. H. Sibley’s mill, corner of Fremont and Pratt streets. Interment at Laurel Cemetery<br>— “Burial of the Victims of the Boiler Explosion” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(Baltimore) 17 April 1882</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Funeral of Dr. William S. Barnes. Interment at Laurel Cemetery.<br>— “The Funeral of Dr. Wm. S. Barnes” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(Baltimore) 23 October 1883</span></li></ul><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.846;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1883</span></p><ul style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Funeral of Frank Henson. Interment at Laurel Cemetery. “The Monumental City Guards, in full uniform, commanded by Capt. Wm. Spence, with a band of music, headed the procession.”<br>— “A Colored Military Funeral.” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(Baltimore) 18 May 1883</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Memorial day ceremonies at Laurel Cemetery included decorating 240 graves of soldiers. “There were fully three hundred colored persons present from the city. At night the memorial services were repeated in the halls of the three colored posts of the city, and addresses made by prominent members of the posts and others.”<br>— “Decoration Day. Flowers Strewn on the Graves of Men who Died for Their Country.” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(Baltimore) 31 May 1883</span></li></ul><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.846;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1884</span></p><ul style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Funeral of Rufus Thomas, who was shot at Irving Park. Interment at Laurel Cemetery.<br>— “Funeral of the Victim of the Irving Park Shooting” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(Baltimore) 19 January 1884</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Funeral of Charles F. M. Mallory. Interment at Laurel Cemetery.<br>— “The Funeral of Mr. Charles F. M. Mallory” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(Baltimore) 22 December 1884</span></li></ul><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.846;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1885</span></p><ul style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Funeral of Abraham Wayman, age 25, youngest son of Bishop A. Wayman of the African M. E. Church. Interment at Laurel Cemetery.<br>— </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(Baltimore) 21 March 1885</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">James E. Johnson and John H. Taylor are arrested for grave robbing at Laurel Cemetery. They say that they are “employed at the university.”</span></li></ul><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;margin-left:72pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.0;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="background-color:#f8f8f8;color:#888888;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Officer Baker says that the robbery of graves there has been going on a long while¸ and such complaints had been made of it and he was instructed to keep a strict lookout for depredators.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;margin-left:72pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:right;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.0;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="background-color:#f8f8f8;color:#888888;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">— “Robbing Graves” Sun (Baltimore) 4 December 1885</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.846;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1886</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.0;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="background-color:#f8f8f8;color:#888888;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">The health department has ordered warrants for the arrest of Theodore Locks, colored, an undertaker of East Baltimore, charged with burying a colored child without obtaining a permit; and also for the arrest of the superintendent of cemetery, charged with allowing an interment to be made without the necessary permit. Locks and the superintendent are both to have a hearing today at the eastern station-house.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.0;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="background-color:#f8f8f8;color:#888888;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">— “Burial Without a Permit” Sun (Baltimore) 19 January 1886</span></p><ul style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400"> Funeral of Elizabeth H. Bishop, wife of William H. Bishop, Sr. Interment at Laurel Cemetery.<br>— “A Well-Known Colored Woman” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(Baltimore) 6 August 1886</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Funeral of Charles Cephas who was shot and killed by William Boggs. Interment at Laurel Cemetery.<br>— “The Killing of Charles Cephas” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(Baltimore) 25 November 1886</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Issac Jones, convicted at Towsontown for grave robbing, was delivered to the Maryland Penitentiary. Jones was the grave digger at Laurel Cemetery. “While on his way to the penitentiary on Wednesday, it is stated, he told Deputy Sheriff Briscoe Brown that he had robbed over 200 graves, and that it afforded him much amusement to see the people go out to Laurel Cemetery and plant flowers on graves that had no occupants.”<br>— “A Grave Robber’s Deeds” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(Baltimore) 30 April 1886</span></li></ul><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.846;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1887</span></p><ul style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Funeral of Daniel T. Ringgold, waiter of the Maryland Club. Interment at Laurel Cemetery.</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Funeral of Mrs. Eliza Jane Gillis. Interment at Laurel Cemetery.<br>— </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(Baltimore) 18 July 1887</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Funeral of John S. Glasgow, aged 55 years. Interment at Laurel Cemetery.<br>— </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun</span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> (Baltimore) 15 September 1887</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">William Thomas charged with shooting George Hinson on Gay street near Washington street. “Thomas and Hinson were both following a band of music that had attended the funeral of James Jackson, colored, at Laurel Cemetery, on Belair avenue.”<br>— “Shot on Gay Street” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(Baltimore) 9 April 1887</span></li></ul><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.846;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1888</span></p><ul style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Funeral of Ellenora C. Clark, daughter of Wilton T. Clark. Interment at Laurel Cemetery.– “Colored Girls Acting as Pall Bearers” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(Baltimore) 27 June 1888]</span></li></ul><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.846;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1889</span></p><ul style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Funeral of William Chester, who had been shot by Sergeant Hogan while resisting arrest. Interment in Laurel Cemetery.<br>— “Followed to His Grave by Only a Few Friends” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(Baltimore) 13 September 1889</span></li></ul><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.846;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1890</span></p><ul style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Funeral of John A. Fernandis. Interment in Laurel Cemetery.<br>— “Funeral of a Well-known Colored Man” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(Baltimore) 28 February 1890</span></li></ul><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.0;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="background-color:#f8f8f8;color:#888888;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">The adorning of the graves of the colored soldiers in Laurel and Sharp Street Cemeteries was assigned to Lincoln and Guy Posts. In Laurel Cemetery, on the Belair road, there are buried about forty soldiers, and in the Sharp Street Cemetery about thirty.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:right;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.0;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="background-color:#f8f8f8;color:#888888;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">— “The Duty Performed by Committees – Dodge Post at Cross Street Hall” </span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:right;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.0;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="background-color:#f8f8f8;color:#888888;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Sun (Baltimore) 31 May 1890</span></p><ul style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Funeral of George Murray, said to be 115 years old. Interment in Laurel Cemetery.<br>— “Man Dead Who Is Said to be 115 Years Old” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(Baltimore) 11 August 1890</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Funeral of Daniel C. Chase, employee of the Sun. Interment in Laurel Cemetery.<br>— “Funeral of Daniel C. Chase” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(Baltimore) 9 October 1890</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Funeral of Eli Williams, who was murdered by his wife. Interment in Laurel Cemetery.<br>— “Record of Deaths and Burials” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(Baltimore) 20 October 1890</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Advertisement of funeral of Anthony Armstrong. Interment in Laurel Cemetery.<br>— “A Prominent Colored Man’s Death” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(Baltimore) 18 November 1890</span></li></ul><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.846;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1891</span></p><ul style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Funeral of Isaac Myers.</span></li></ul><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.0;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="background-color:#f8f8f8;color:#888888;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">The throng was so dense around of the doors and stairways [of the church] that the family and relations of the dead man were over half an hour getting into the church, and only succeeded then after the Knights Templar had opened a way through the crowd.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.846;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="background-color:#f8f8f8;color:#888888;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">— “A Throng at the Funeral of Isaac Myers” Sun (Baltimore) 30 January 1891</span></p><ul style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Rev. Robert Francis Wayman buried in Laurel Cemetery.<br>— “Summary of the News” Sun, 5 August 1891<br>— “Deaths and Burials” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(Baltimore) 5 August 1891</span></li></ul><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.846;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1892</span></p><ul style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Funeral of William Wirt Lanaham. Interment in Laurel Cemetery.<br>— Obituary, William Wirt Lanaham, </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(Baltimore) 6 January 1892</span></li></ul><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.846;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1893</span></p><ul style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Funeral of Philip Ringgold. Interment in Laurel Cemetery.<br>— “Other Deaths” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(Baltimore) 2 November 1893</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Funeral of Rev. W. C. Lawson, aged 57 years. Interment in Laurel Cemetery.<br>— Obituary, Rev. W. C. Lawson,</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400"> Sun </span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(Baltimore) 20 November 1893</span></li></ul><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.846;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1894</span></p><ul style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Will of William E. Mathews file directing his executor to purchase a double burial lot in Laurel Cemetery and to erect a suitable monument.<br>— “A Colored Man’s Request” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(Baltimore) 7 May 1894]</span></li></ul><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.846;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1896</span></p><ul style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Ella Jones, only daughter of Mrs. Jones, died February 2nd and buried the following Tuesday afternoon in Laurel Cemetery.</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">— </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Afro-American</span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">, 15 February 1896]</span></li></ul><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.846;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1898</span></p><ul style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Agnes R. Dare, infant daughter of Mrs. Mary A. Warren Dare, died on April 8th and was buried on the 10th in Laurel Cemetery.<br>— </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Afro-American</span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">, 18 April 1896</span></li></ul><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.846;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1949</span></p><ul style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Belair-Edison Improvement Association calls cemetery “a health menace, and a disgrace to a city the size of Baltimore.”<br>— </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">“</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#ff8f85;font-weight:400"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id%3D4NMmAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DfAIGAAAAIBAJ%26dq%3DCleanup%2520Drive%2520On%2520at%2520Cemetery%26pg%3D1081%252C4139241&sa=D&ust=1599712756039000&usg=AOvVaw2BJb_FzuFwj1WxpV4d-b2D" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">Cleanup Drive On at Cemetery</a></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Afro-American </span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(Baltimore) 3 July 1948</span></li><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Despite efforts by the Laurel Cemetery Improvement Association to clean up cemetery, Board of Estimates approves the use of the site for construction of a white public housing project. The Baltimore Housing Authority insists that they were unaware of clean-up efforts when they suggested the site for 300 housing units.<br>— “</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#ff8f85;font-weight:400"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id%3DF-QlAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DfvUFAAAAIBAJ%26dq%3Dlaurel%2520cemetery%26pg%3D4805%252C824236&sa=D&ust=1599712756040000&usg=AOvVaw3EsfVQwtKCPzmHGoSWW04P" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">Laurel Cemetery Site Approved for Housing</a></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Afro-American</span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> (Baltimore) 17 September 1949</span></li></ul><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.846;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1951</span></p><ul style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">Landscaping work delayed when worker hired to do the job fails to show up. John G. Kaufman, director of the cemetery corporation recently fined $150 by Magistrate Helen E. Brown in Housing Court on charges of failing to fill in sinking graves and destroy weeds at the cemetery.<br>— “</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#ff8f85;font-weight:400"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id%3DeWZGAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DbOUMAAAAIBAJ%26dq%3DLaurel%2520Cemetery%2520Work%2520Delayed%2520Again%26pg%3D4396%252C7110201&sa=D&ust=1599712756040000&usg=AOvVaw20XL3dpCzDf7hbs5jo1_5P" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">Laurel Cemetery Work Delayed Again</a></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">”</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400"> Baltimore Afro American</span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">, 24 July 1951</span></li></ul><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;border-left-style:solid;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.846;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">1959</span></p><ul style="padding:0;margin:0"><li style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;font-size:11pt;margin-left:66pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">New Laurel Cemetery and McKamer Realty Co. sued for $60,000 by Mrs. Blanche Watts, charging that cemetery officials moved the bodies of Mrs. Watt’s family and she does not know of their whereabouts.<br>— </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">“</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#ff8f85;font-weight:400"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://news.google.com/newspapers?id%3D6pslAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DSfUFAAAAIBAJ%26dq%3Dlaurel%2520cemetery%26pg%3D4279%252C6131540&sa=D&ust=1599712756041000&usg=AOvVaw0uNSePejRRn_gOfTzysxUs" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">Laurel Cemetery is sued for $60,000</a></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#666666;font-weight:400">” </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#666666;font-weight:400">Afro-American </span><span style="color:#666666;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">(Baltimore) 24 October 1959</span></li></ul><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p></div></body></html>ecpcliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01498580508411177787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1033015240460437200.post-3828902661438217302020-08-26T09:48:00.000-07:002020-08-26T09:48:32.645-07:00Roland Park (39.354660, -76.636170)<html><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body><div style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:54pt 72pt 72pt 72pt;max-width:468pt"><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Roland Park as viewed in 1967 and 1947. First is a promotional brochure from 1967 followed by a short history of the Roland Park Civic League written by Federal Judge W. Calvin Chesnut who lived at 111 Ridgewood Road.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:410.67px"><img alt="" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/l6TgWW4F9XbOfIUs083_BRNzS1hW3XTVZvZQeU4AZXmE9vqTlQbUrK804kgruTMTCpeS9PjUyILpJHqBzLidzQRczkfeZqb7RhnkxXTErP_XyqLGwEVaSLQwmk-82Pu9v5S9IXEq" style="width:624.00px;height:410.67px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">111 Ridgewood Road, Roland Park, Baltimore</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">[Taken from Google Maps]</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:624.00px;height:1373.33px"><img alt="" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/TBW9UCLdXfBW8a73KrQ9kpk77U_BpcRSAJzEQiyu61dtVFAIFmgRuKoflj0dsCKsfym8FttUbn2-QpA6Ss3nmL8inCpslE6Emy7JmxZJo02zRiKAcZRii3nOUAxKGNPfmOeH72Ag" style="width:624.00px;height:1373.33px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.latlong.net/c/?lat%3D39.354660%26long%3D-76.636170&sa=D&ust=1598463960622000&usg=AOvVaw12dgvqqgDB1kym6hregfnC" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">Roland Park (39.354660, -76.636170)</a></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">[1967 Promotional Brochure]</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Roland Park, named for Roland Thornberry, an English landowner in Baltimore County, had its first beginnings back in 1890 when William Edmunds decided to develop 100 acres of his property lying between Roland Avenue (then Maryland Avenue), Wyndhurst, Cold Spring Lane, and the Maryland and Pennsylvania Railroad. On June 7, 1892 the first lots were put on sale. Soon, the 264-acre Oakland Estate was acquired together with other tracts which extended Roland Park to its final boundaries. A unique suburban residential area which was destined to serve as a model for numerous other developments, both in this country and abroad, had come into existence.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Over the years, Roland Park has changed in many ways. The horses are gone, the old water tower at Upland and Club Road with its iron stairway winding upward to an observation platform is gone and so is the Lake Roland Elevated Railway with its nine-block long trestle over Guilford Avenue. Undoubtedly, as the automobile came in, a leisurely way of life went out. But with all the changes of the past 75 years, Roland Park has remained a fine residential community.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">How is it that Roland Park has retained its residential quality for this long period while other communities have withered, grown into commercialism, or even lapsed into slums?</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">The credit for Roland Park's durability as a residential community goes back to Edmund H. Bouton who conceived the plan of incorporating land use restrictions within each property deed— the first such residential deed restrictions ever required or enforced in the United States.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">A restriction which was most important in the original shaping of Roland Park and subsequent preservation of its character was the requirement for architectural approval of buildings, additions and alterations, and number of residences per lot. In another provision, residents were required to pay an annual fee for maintenance of the streets and sidewalks and for the removal of leaves and debris from the lots, lanes and streets. These requirements have been administered since 1909 by the Roland Park Roads and Maintenance Corporation.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">The Roland Park Civic League and the Maintenance Corporation together provide the surveillance so necessary for safeguarding the heritage which has given the community its unique character. Recently, as a result of the increase in population and accompanying rise in land values and taxes, attempts have been made by developers and other commercial interests to break down the zoning barrier. The Civic League has taken appropriate action against these and other threats to community standards through its active committees, its legal counsel, meetings with city officials, the presentation of statements and petitions at hearings, and mass action of the residents when needed. Protection of Roland Park from commercial encroachment does not come cheap. The best hope of the developers is to maintain pressure with their superior financial resources until the residents become discouraged and divided. This approach will fail if the residents present a united front in protecting their interests.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">The Maintenance Corporation obtains funds from mandatory fees collected from each property owner. Contrariwise, the Civic League is entirely dependent upon the dues paid by its</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">members and contributions from individuals interested in preserving the integrity of Roland Park. To achieve maximum effectiveness, the Civic League needs the support of all residents of Roland Park. Although not all residents have the time or inclination to actively participate in the work of the Civic League, all residents can support its purposes by becoming dues-paying members.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">The officers of the Civic League and Maintenance Corporation maintain liaison with residents through the plat representatives and directors listed on the insert. Residents are urged to contact their plat representatives on community matters. Problems that cannot be handled directly will be brought to the attention of the Board of Directors for action or referred to a committee for study and recommendation. Residents interested in obtaining swimming pool privileges should call the Roland Park office, TU 7-3519. Residents who wish to participate in the work of the Civic League should contact the president and volunteer to serve as an assistant plat representative or on one of the committees which operate in such varied areas as deed restrictions, membership, publicity, traffic, zoning, beautification, youth services, institutions, and public safety.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Drive or walk through Roland Park and view its varied and interesting architecture, the sweeping lawns, trees and shrubbery. The area has a charm all its own. Children of old families who have married and moved away often return to raise their own families in the familiar neighborhood. Do your part to preserve Roland Park by joining with your neighbors as members of the Civic League.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><hr style="page-break-before:always;display:none"><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">A SHORT HISTORY of the ROLAND PARK CIVIC LEAGUE</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">By</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Calvin_Chesnut&sa=D&ust=1598463960627000&usg=AOvVaw10Od6R3CblhKyNktv3JvJ7" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">W. Calvin Chesnut</a></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">[1947]</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Roland Park was made possible by the opening of the Lake Roland Elevated Railway in the 80's. Plat 1 of Roland Park, comprising the territory bounded by Cold Spring Lane on the south, the then Forest Road on the east (parallelling the Maryland and Pennsylvania Railroad), Wyndhurst Avenue on the north and Roland Avenue on the west, was laid out about 1891. The plat included lots fronting on Roland Avenue and running west back to Long Lane. The enterprise was financed by an English syndicate with some local directors. During the next ten years most of the lots in Plat 1 had been sold by the Roland Park Company and the properties improved by buildings practically all of frame and many of shingle construction. Mr. Edward H. Bouton had been brought from Kansas City to be the president of the development company, and engaged the advisory services of Mr. Olmstead, a nationally known landscape architect, whose services were invaluable in creating what became at the time the most highly developed and attractive suburb in the country. The deeds for the individual lots in Plat 1 were granted by the Company subject to certain restrictions as to character, location, style of building's, and permissible uses of the property. The lots were also subjected to a proportionate maintenance tax and the restrictions were perpetual.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">In 1901 the Company decided to expand its development and laid out Plat 2 which comprised the property lying to the west of Plat 1, bounded by Cold Spring Lane on the south, a lane parallel to and about 200 feet westerly of Ridgewood Road on the west, and running northerly to Club Road and including that part of the property of the Baltimore Country Club extending to the Falls Road. The Country Club had been organized in 1898 and a year later began its activities with an attractive club house and 100 acres of ground extending on both sides of the Falls Road, on which by standards then prevailing, a very modern golf course had been built. The Club had been sponsored very largely <by the Roland Park Company and very much accelerated the development of Roland Park. The first houses built in Plat 2 were on Ridgewood Road and a few years later Club Road and Goodwood Gardens were opened and houses, largely of brick or plaster, were built.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">In 1905 the Roland Park Company opened a third plat comprising generally the territory to the west of Roland Avenue and north of the Baltimore Country</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Club and bounded on the west by the Falls Road. The restrictions in the deeds to Plats 2 and 3 were not made perpetual except as to the maintenance tax, but were limited in duration to 25 years. Along Ridgewood Road these restrictions were in 1925 voluntarily extended by the property owners for a further period of 25 years. It is impossible to over-value the great importance of the restrictions in the deeds in their contribution to the successful development and maintenance of Roland Park as a stable residential neighborhood. The modern zoning laws of Baltimore City now materially contribute to the same result.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">It is interesting to remember the physical and geographical features of Roland Park in the early years up to about 1910. Roland Avenue was the principal highway and was only partly hard surfaced. Cold Spring Lane was a narrow road running westerly from Charles Street to Roland Avenue and was largely merely a dirt road. What is now University Parkway and 40th Street from Charles Street to Roland Avenue was a narrow winding muddy or dusty lane known as Merryman's Lane, beginning at the toll gate then situated on Charles Street Avenue, and meandering to Roland Avenue across Stony Run by a narrow iron bridge. This was the period just before the advent of automobiles which began to become numerous by 1910. The approach to Roland Park from the City was by horse conveyances out Merryman's Lane or Cold Spring Lane, but more generally by the trolley car then as now known as the No. 10 Line, which ran from Highlandtown by way of Pratt Street and Howard Street over Stony Run viaduct through Hampden to Roland Avenue, and Roland Avenue' to Roland Park. Major Venable as president of the Park Board, visualized and effectively caused the construction of Charles Street Avenue north of 25th Street as a boulevard, and University Parkway naturally followed on with the active cooperation of the Roland Park Company. The United Railways then constructed its No. 29 car line running to Roland Park and this furnished a more direct and attractive approach from down town Baltimore. What is now Plat 5 was then developed by the Roland Park Company lying to the east of Roland Avenue south of Cold Spring Lane, and bounded on the east by Stony Run and the south by what was then Merryman's Lane, and is now 40th Street.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Early in the development of Plat 1 the need was felt for some local neighborhood association to protect and advance the interests of the new suburban settlement, which in a few years numbered several hundred residents. All of Roland Park was then in Baltimore County and without adequate fire protection, and practically all the houses were of frame construction. The most vital neighborhood need obviously was local fire protection. This shortly lead</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">to the formation of a volunteer fire company which was located in the predecessor of the present fire engine house on Upland Road adjoining the United Railways car barn. Out of this volunteer fire department developed the Association known as the Civic League which was formed primarily for the purpose of maintaining the fire company through the dues paid by members of the League. The first meeting place of the Civic League was on the second floor of the engine house which also served as the local police station. Later the League generally held its monthly and annual meetings at the Women's Club, corner Roland Avenue and Ridgewood Road. Still later the meetings were sometimes held in the basement of the local branch of the Pratt Library on Roland Avenue and still other meetings have been held at the Baltimore Country Club. The scope of the activities of the Civic League was soon widened to include the more general interests and needs of the neighborhood in respect to its property values and interests. The maintenance tax provided a fund to defray in whole or in part the cost of street lighting, a sewerage plant, and the maintenance and care of the Roland Park roads. Water was furnished by a separate corporation known as the Roland Park Water Company, which drew its supply entirely from artesian wells. The water was metered and the rates were not unreasonable for the excellent quality of the water furnished. One of the pump houses, now abandoned, may still be found on the Baltimore Country Club golf course immediately adjoining the 17th green.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">The development of Plat 1 with the large increase in the number of houses and of residents, added materially to the tax assessable values in that particular part of Baltimore County; and the maintenance tax soon proved to be inadequate for the expanding needs of the neighborhood in the matter of street lighting, maintenance of sewerage plant, care of roads and garbage disposal. This situation naturally and justly called for increasing appropriations from county taxes; and this naturally brought the Civic League into contact with the County Commissioners at Tow-son, in its annual request for budgetary appropriations for the upkeep of public conveniences for Roland Park. The County Commissioners recognized their public obligations in this respect and from year to year cooperated with the Civic League in making financial provision for a part of the cost of the necessary public facilities of lighting, maintenance of roads and contribution to the cost of garbage collection. To a considerable extent the disbursement of these county appropriations was entrusted to the supervision or management of the Civic League; and these arrangements were continued with necessarily increasing appropriations in the proportion to the increased tax basis until the city limits were extended in 1918 to include Roland Park, when the obligation in that respect was necessarily assumed by the City.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">In the meantime, however, the Roland Park Roads and Maintenance Corporation had been organized. Its creation forms perhaps the most interesting feature of the local history of Roland Park, and the Civic League. It came about in this way. The maintenance tax was collected and disbursed by the Roland Park Company and the building restrictions in the deeds were enforced by the latter. After the Roland Park Company had sold off practically all of its lots in Plats 1 and 2, the resultant situation was that its chief business interest in the territory had been accomplished and it was no longer very directly and importantly interested in the maintenance tax and the building restrictions. This is not to suggest that it was unfairly administering its duties under the deeds; but nevertheless a number of individual instances occurred with respect to the disbursement of the maintenance tax and the enforcement or non-enforcement of the building restrictions which caused complaint and objection from property owners. The feeling among the property owners, expressed most articulately in various meetings of the Civic League, was that the property owners ought to have some definite representation in the administration of the proceeds of the maintenance tax and the enforcement of the building restrictions. The Civic League then took the leadership in the movement and held numerous open public meetings at which all residents and property owners of Roland Park, whether active members of the Civic League or not, were invited to participate. Out of the discussion finally came the creation of a committee of about 9 members who were instructed to confer with the Roland Park Company and evolve some practical plan for the very general demand that the property owners should be represented in the administration of the tax and restrictions. I was an active member of this committee. Mr. Bouton, representing the Roland Park Company, was very cooperative in the whole matter.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">The final result was the formation of the Maintenance Corporation which took the form of an incorporated company having a nominal stock issue of, I think,'20 snares of the par value of $5 each, three-fourths of which were issued to the Civic League and one-fourth to the Roland Park Company, with further provision that the Roland Park Company should be entitled to annually elect three of the twelve directors of the Maintenance Corporation, the remaining nine to be elected by the Civic League as holder of three-fourths of the stock. Upon the formation of the Maintenance Corporation in 1909 the Roland Park Company executed a very elaborate deed to the Maintenance Corporation conveying to it all the reserved ownership of the Roland Park Company in the roads, streets and lanes of Roland Park, and assigning to the corporation the right to collect and the duty to disburse the maintenance tax and to enforce the building restrictions. In other words the Roland Park Company turned over to the Maintenance Corporation practically all of the lights that it then had in Roland Park, and under the deeds to the individual lots. In practice thereafter the Civic League for many years appointed at each annual meeting proxies to vote the stock of the Maintenance Corporation for the election of nine directors of whom two were to come from each of the several plats, and the remainder from the general territory as determined by the League. In the meantime the Civic League itself had been incorporated. Since 1909 the whole administration of the public interests of Roland Park has been in the hands of the Maintenance Corporation. It directly dealt with the County Commissioners until annexation to the City in 1918, and since then to the extent necessary, has dealt with the City. The Roland Park Civic League is, however, the ultimate authority with regard to policy making regarding the Maintenance Corporation by virtue of its majority stock control, and the Civic League has continued from time to time to function more particularly with regard to matters affecting Roland Park of a general nature which do not involve matters arising out of the maintenance tax or building restrictions.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">For many years I acted as counsel for the Maintenance Corporation and for some part of the time was one of the directors; and for many years I was naturally in intimate contact with its activities. And since then from time to time I have been glad to confer with its officers in a purely advisory capacity regarding neighborhood affairs. I have no hesitation in saying that I think the interests of Roland Park have been very efficiently managed and preserved by the Maintenance Corporation which still continues to be a very vital factor in the maintenance and upkeep of the neighborhood. It is important not to underestimate the benefit which still flows to the locality from the collection and disbursement of the maintenance tax. Lawyers who may be interested in the subject will find quite a full discussion of the matter from the legal standpoint in the case in the Maryland Court of Appeals in 1923 entitled Bertha L. Wehr v. The Roland Park Company,, reported in volume 143 of the Maryland Reports, at pages 384 to 398. The opinion of the court deals of course primarily with the legal questions which were involved but a fuller account of the history of the Maintenance Corporation and its activities can be found in the printed record of the trial of the case before Judge Eli Frank. This record is, of course, available in the office of the clerk of the Court of Appeals of Maryland and can also doubtless be found in the Baltimore Bar Library in the Baltimore City Court House. It would prolong this article too greatly to enumerate all or even many of the important matters that have come before the Civic League. It is sufficient to say that they have been many and important in the affairs of the community. It is also very conservative to say that without the functioning of the Civic League, Roland Park would have been and would still now be a much less beautiful and pleasant suburb than it has been and is. It is doubtless true that the effect of annexation to the City and the extension of the zoning laws have materially decreased the number of questions for active attention by the Civic League, and, to some extent, by the Maintenance Corporation, by virtue of the natural extension of the City's administrative agencies. But this is a difference of degree only and does not in any way justify the inference that the Civic League is no longer of importance to Roland Park; quite the contrary is true. It is the only concrete body for the expression of neighborhood public opinion and should continue to function for that purpose, as well as policy making for the Maintenance Corporation.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">In the past years interest in the Civic League was fostered and increased largely by an annual dinner meeting held at the Roland Park Country Club which was largely attended by the members. These annual dinners brought together not only a large percentage •of the whole membership of the League, but also included more widely residents and property owners in Roland Park generally. At these meetings there was a review by the current president of the League of its activities during the past years and of its then present problems. Generally also there was some form of pleasant after-dinner entertainment and many distinguished speakers were from time to time guests of the League. It is perhaps regrettable that somewhat changed conditions since the first world war have •resulted in the discontinuance of these annual dinners.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">The Civic League has always commanded the loyalty and services of interested residents and property owners as its managing officers. In general the practice has been to elect a president to serve for one or two years only. Many well known residents of Roland Park have successively been chosen president of the League. Former Governor and Senator, the Honor-: able Philips Lee Goldsborough, was one of the earlier presidents of the League when he was at the time a resident of Roland Park.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">January 1, 1947</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><hr style="page-break-before:always;display:none"><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">ADDENDA</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">This history of the Roland Park Civic League was prepared many years ago by Judge W. Calvin Chesnut. In our judgement it should be carefully read, by every property owner in Roland Park, and is re-printed by the Civic League for this purpose.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Judge Chesnut tells about the development of Roland Park in a most interesting way, and points out particularly what has been accomplished by the Civic League.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">It seems that it is not generally known or understood that the Civic League owns controlling interest in the Roads and Maintenance Corporation and that the Roads and Maintenance Corporation is directly responsible to the Civic League.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">As Judge Chesnut quite aptly says, "The Civic League is the only concrete body for the expression of neighborhood public opinion, and should continue to function for that purpose, as well as policy making for the Maintenance Corporation."</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Roland Park Civic League, Inc.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p></div></body></html>ecpcliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01498580508411177787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1033015240460437200.post-51476572729405957292020-08-25T07:20:00.005-07:002020-09-23T19:23:29.412-07:00Remembering Rhoda Dorsey and her work on Baltimore's Trade following the Revolution<html><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body><div style="background-color:#f1c232;padding:72pt 72pt 72pt 72pt;max-width:468pt"><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#202122;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"></span></p></div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Rhoda M. Dorsey (September 9, 1927 – May 10, 2014)</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:381.50px;height:531.03px"><img alt="" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/oV0XZX2fhY5fhx5lIlsEy-3q9mY8AyN0q2vdM-TADkmw3PI7t6FIaAXXz7r26M2eKoHv6iu1fO7Sa7xpZ5z3A7gXWyv5wwKZ2aWbdTV_dAG-CjAJchVMg8xpCo8dNBYSy4HXg9oG" style="width:381.50px;height:531.03px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">The Baltimore</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> Sun</span><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">, Baltimore, Maryland, 04 Nov 1967, Sat, Page 8</span><sup style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt1">[1]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">Rhoda Dorsey is best known as the president of Goucher College. According to Wikipedia</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#0.1_ftnt2">[2]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">, Dr. Dorsey became an academic dean of Goucher in 1968. In 1973, she succeeded Marvin Banks Perry, Jr. as the acting president. The next year, she was appointed as Goucher College's eighth president, becoming the institution's first woman to serve in this position. She presided over Goucher College in 1986 when its board of trustees voted to allow men to attend the college.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">Rhoda Dorsey was also a historian of commerce writing her 1956 University of Minnesota dissertation on the resumption of Anglo-American Trade after the American Revolution. </span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#0.1_ftnt3">[3]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> When she came to Baltimore to teach at Goucher she continued her interest in the resumption of trade in Baltimore, carefully reviewing the surviving port records, including investing in the National Archives microfilm of Baltimore’s customs records.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">Her two published articles on Baltimore’s trade following the Revolution preface a digital edition of the port records she acquired on microfilm at her own expense which are linked here</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#0.1_ftnt4">[4]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> as a tribute to her scholarship and her memory for others to explore. </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><hr style="width:33%;height:1px"><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref1">[1]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#1155cc;text-decoration:underline"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24611307/rhoda-dorsey-history-professor/&sa=D&ust=1600917752514000&usg=AOvVaw1s-HlgfzI527vIlviDnLuO" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">https://www.newspapers.<wbr>com/clip/24611307/rhoda-<wbr>dorsey-history-professor/</a></span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref2">[2]</a><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400"> </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhoda_Dorsey&sa=D&ust=1600917752513000&usg=AOvVaw2hhHeZP68ChCeUKJZjsYcD" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">https://en.wikipedia.org/<wbr>wiki/Rhoda_Dorsey</a></span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref3">[3]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:8pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Dorsey, Rhoda Mary. The Resumption of Anglo-American Trade in New England, 1783-1794. [Ann Arbor]: University Microfilms] 1973.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref4">[4]</a><span style="font-size:12pt"> </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://transcribedoc.net/Rhoda_Dorsey/html/index.html&sa=D&ust=1600917752513000&usg=AOvVaw3Ap_dNTeWj17-SkFGxS2tw" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">Baltimore Port Records, 1782-1824, NARA RG 36 Records of the Bureau of Customs</a></span></p></div></div></body></html>ecpcliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01498580508411177787noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1033015240460437200.post-30668651766069526072020-08-20T05:43:00.000-07:002020-08-20T05:43:17.019-07:00"Reconstruction" in Maryland<html><head><META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body><div style="background-color:#ffffff;padding:56.9pt 56.9pt 89.3pt 56.9pt;max-width:498.2pt"><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:18pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Reflections on Baltimore and Reconstruction, 1861-1870</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Edward Papenfuse, </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:14pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Maryland State Archivist, Retired</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:664.32px;height:482.67px"><img alt="" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/E2lChV4HB2ckgzrKj5hTeEJLcFGJwAmjBEFvf9mIw5nYL-dLx5gu85ZlWctEbwjUsRw79brZMDh7-74l9ixUpCldkvMi8yvBGOQVQfoDc5B4me3UaAFqcsUZD7lI7NSHDi4EPEP2" style="width:664.32px;height:482.67px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">Maryland got a head start on “Reconstruction.” On April 19, 1861 the Baltimore mob assaulted the 6th Massachusetts Volunteers on their way to defend Washington and within a short time the city would be occupied by Union troops for the duration of a bloody Civil War in which there were at least 750,000 casualties. The best contemporary account of the confrontation and its consequences is by the Mayor, George William Brown, who with many of his city council, and his chief of Police, George Proctor Kane, were placed under military arrest and sent to prison first at Fort McHenry and the Fort Warren in Boston Harbor, without ever having the benefit of a court hearing or a trial.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#0.1_ftnt1">[1]</a></sup><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""> Some would argue that because this suspension of Habeas Corpus (</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-family:"Georgia";color:#222222;font-weight:400">a writ requiring a person under arrest to be brought before a judge or into court, especially to secure the person's release unless lawful grounds are shown for their detention) was first implemented by executive order of the President without Congressional approval, was an abuse of power. Even the Chief Justice of the United States ruled that the actions of the military were unconstitutional until Congress was persuaded to pass a law upholding the President’s action. By that time Mayor Brown and Marshall Kane were confined and an effective campaign of suppressing Southern support in the City was well underway. Those who expressed Union Sympathies were permitted to take economic and political control of the City, raising the hopes and expectations of the Black population of over 27,000 in the fourth largest city in America with a total population of 212, 418.</span><sup style="background-color:#ffffff;font-family:"Georgia";color:#222222;font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt2">[2]</a></sup><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#222222;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> Fortunately for Baltimore and the Nation, this minority had struggled for years to establish its right to economic success and educational freedom through its private schools (mostly church based) and becoming the essential provider of laundry, barbering, caulking, catering and carting services, as well as the labor that extracted the city’s waste (the night soilers), and cared for the children of the wealthy. Most of the majority would have preferred that it remain that way without any further advancement, but the Black community did not see it that way and voiced its cry for publicly funded education and expansion of their civil rights. When it became clear by the fall of 1863 that the Union could not win the war against the South without the military assistance of the Black population, the door to constitutional reform opened. In Maryland a new State Constitution abolished slavery and provided the framework for public funding of Black education, while Congress under the leadership of Thadeus Stevens and Charles Sumner passed the trio of Amendments to the Constition that offered a legal and moral platform for the advancement of Civil Rights for all Americans. </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:332.00px;height:499.00px"><img alt="" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/6jFviF_5eqterSubd1Bn5S1pBKJGY_RsCW7_-ZIVMVtt08PooJLJrEGB-DZ5LszoT-LDlLESE9c1yNSdEQlGvUzPJaBfy0Vy7m3wjyH8K0O8baE6G-GZtBfjifSA2DL0nQ_h44nW" style="width:332.00px;height:499.00px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#222222;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#222222;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-family:"Georgia";color:#222222;font-weight:400">As Professor Eric Foner has pointed out recently, Baltimore was a crucial intellectual center of the effort to advocate the full implementation of the intent of the 14th and 15th Amendments to the Constitution. It would be a long and tortuous struggle which many believe is not over.</span><sup style="background-color:#ffffff;font-family:"Georgia";color:#222222;font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt3">[3]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">Historians have debated the causes of the Civil War at great length, but if Slavery was not the sole reason for the conflict, addressing the questions of the rights and the place of the black population in the life of the Republic was certainly the consequence. From March of 1865 until its dissolution in 1872 the </span><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands </span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">(Freemen’s Bureau), attempted with varying degrees of success to reconstruct the intellectual and political life of the residents of the former slave states, including those border states like Maryland that had been controlled by the military and where, after 1863, significant numbers of Black men were inducted into the United States Colored Troops. While its work in the rebelling states is well known, the contributions to the reconstruction of Baltimore are less well documented. In the city material supplies were provided to at least one orphanage for the support of orphans of Black soldiers, and the establishment of the Freedman’s bank.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#0.1_ftnt4">[4]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">In Maryland nearly 8000 men joined 6 regiments of United States Colored Troops.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#0.1_ftnt5">[5]</a></sup><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""> Those that survived the war and returned home, became an important component of the political pressure for educational and economic reconstruction as well as providing, with their pensions, the first Federally funded social security for their families.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#0.1_ftnt6">[6]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:664.32px;height:496.00px"><img alt="" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/fnqCsd7OzOGiY1rGnUutF5vHYBh_rekypixMWt6sC08KjzS7edHiGC0XXygL4THYqs8jvia95sOXmUfxAuwXYhwEMYbv8OemtZ0f3lOAxBgHAExjASC15F4u5EQkDRPMA50FWUmO" style="width:664.32px;height:496.00px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-weight:400">Unidentified soldier and family, discovered in Cecil County, MD. Photo from the Library of Congress</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:372.66px;height:558.99px"><img alt="" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/rtEn7sz-BEZIKH9jV1t9D6DwGCtlGbxJ6vXY40DPI72gRkm20mQRvd8cEU-Q_hEJTm_OFEdikBvJ3eORnkcMVgAnmBwV7KJ7t85rtUfxaCWuaeL7oas-DDgurXdd1TOLBbD_Fqf7" style="width:372.66px;height:558.99px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">To better understand the nature and extent of reconstruction policies in Maryland, Dennis Halpin provides an accurate and insightful narrative. As one favorable review explained:</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;border-bottom-color:null;border-left-color:null;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;border-top-color:null;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-right-color:null;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#333333;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">In A Brotherhood of Liberty, Dennis Patrick Halpin shifts the focus of the black freedom struggle from the Deep South to argue that Baltimore is key to understanding the trajectory of civil rights in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In the 1870s and early 1880s, a dynamic group of black political leaders migrated to Baltimore from rural Virginia and Maryland. These activists, mostly former slaves who subsequently trained in the ministry, pushed Baltimore to fulfill Reconstruction's promise of racial equality. In doing so, they were part of a larger effort among African Americans to create new forms of black politics by founding churches, starting businesses, establishing community centers, and creating newspapers. Black Baltimoreans successfully challenged Jim Crow regulations on public transit, in the courts, in the voting booth, and on the streets of residential neighborhoods. They formed some of the nation's earliest civil rights organizations, including the United Mutual Brotherhood of Liberty, to define their own freedom in the period after the Civil War.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;border-bottom-color:null;border-left-color:null;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;border-top-color:null;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-right-color:null;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#333333;font-weight:400">Halpin shows how black Baltimoreans' successes prompted segregationists to reformulate their tactics. He examines how segregationists countered activists' victories by using Progressive Era concerns over urban order and corruption to criminalize and disenfranchise African Americans. Indeed, he argues the Progressive Era was crucial in establishing the racialized carceral [relating to, or suggesting a jail or prison] state of the twentieth-century United States. Tracing the civil rights victories scored by black Baltimoreans that inspired activists throughout the nation and subsequent generations, A Brotherhood of Liberty highlights the strategies that can continue to be useful today, as well as the challenges that may be faced.</span><sup style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#333333;font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt7">[7]</a></sup></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;border-bottom-color:null;border-left-color:null;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;border-top-color:null;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-right-color:null;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#333333;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;border-bottom-color:null;border-left-color:null;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;border-left-style:solid;border-top-color:null;font-family:"Arial";text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-right-color:null;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:664.32px;height:484.00px"><img alt="" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/GHO5qmqfF1hV5I5WjiNWIUwYnEJ5lRcM3KxhA1new5FqU-2xXP44i5c7gdkXZrWe_NzUzrvkHCUsL_uEBii2pz-8X0oTBoyLvfTMjKu5p8ipUUfyVIJBSDvWLEkLRQ1ptTntg1xk" style="width:664.32px;height:484.00px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;border-bottom-color:null;border-left-color:null;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;border-top-color:null;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-right-color:null;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#333333;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;border-bottom-color:null;border-left-color:null;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;border-left-style:solid;border-top-color:null;font-family:"Arial";text-align:left;padding:0;margin:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-right-color:null;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#333333;font-weight:400">His work was preceded by two books which also help to illuminate the story of Reconstruction in Maryland, Richard Paul Fuke’s</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;color:#333333;font-weight:400"> Imperfect Equality (1999)</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#333333;font-weight:400">, and Barbara Jeanne Fields, </span><span style="color:#333333;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Slavery and Freedom on the Middle Ground (1985).</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:664.32px;height:522.67px"><img alt="" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/CSbk7RUg4_wII02Hb0A87PK4l6YRYTKzD9XR0JM4rEigww8cNgG4zMMNhUrPTqw_LgUle_wo87RXXr3Wl8UfX7rJKLjGv38T-vaZ0Yd2IvA6c9E0tCbbQGv2s89Lh9Iqd_2BUlGg" style="width:664.32px;height:522.67px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Privately owned </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">In the heat of the debates over Reconstruction and prior to the adoption of the 14th Amendment which he felt was not strong enough, Charles Sumner of Massachusetts, one of the principal advocates of reconstruction, deposited an 1860 pamphlet in the library of his alma mater, Harvard College. It was the printed version of a speech by Delegate Curtis M. Jacobs (d. 1884) from Worcester County on Maryland’s Eastern Shore, in which Jacobs argued that all the free blacks in Maryland (nearly 84,000 of whom nearly 28,000 lived in Baltimore City) should be rounded up and sent off to Africa, thus removing the greatest threat to his revered institution of slavery. While Jacob’s proposed legislation was defeated in part by the lobbying in Annapolis by Free Blacks, the substance of his racist assumptions about the inferiority of the Black Population and the need to keep it in its place subservient to the servile needs of the rest of the population is telling and indicative of the pervasive opposition to the effective implementation of the 14th and 15th Amendment that would continue to confront the Black population well into the 20th century.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#0.1_ftnt8">[8]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">In the 1880s, as the Halpin and Foner books make clear, the Black Community under the leadership of Reverend Harvey Johnson realized that a major path to success in the cause of Civil Rights would be the creation of a Black legal community that would carry the fight to the Courts. In the face of returning Southern and slavery sympathizers to power in Maryland (in 1877 Marshall Kane, who had worked in Richmond for the Confederacy after being paroled from Fort Warren, was elected Mayor of Baltimore City and the State General Assembly refused to ratify the 14th and 15th Amendments to the Constitution in 1867 and 1870 respectively).</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#0.1_ftnt9">[9]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">May of 2020 will be the 150th anniversary of the largest celebration in the country of the passage of the 15th Amendment to the Constitution granting Black men the right to vote. On that occasion and also in celebration of the 100th Anniversary of the 19th Amendment that extended that right to women, Baltimore is planning a joint celebration.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#0.1_ftnt10">[10]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:664.32px;height:528.00px"><img alt="" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/Q3953udK_I8cOpfgZU5uDGZSEebvgHMVrKhpmtRGgVyWQxeIH7OXDrGCADizNvOOmDlwekFlg_Zua0YiCMF8XiRI7e0SU7yckU1ZprVxwTbyb00gzM_L4oiJGvyo_hAtfYP4O8dU" style="width:664.32px;height:528.00px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">courtesy of the Library of Congress: <a href="https://www.loc.gov/resource/ppmsca.34808/" target="_blank">https://www.loc.gov/resource/<wbr>ppmsca.34808/</a></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">The Baltimore Parade was the largest parade in support of Civil Rights in the United States until the 1960s. Its story is ably documented in a web site created in 1996 by David Troy, then a student at Johns Hopkins University. It follows the reporting of the Parade detailing the route and the participants, and provides an analysis of the speech of the principal speaker, Frederick Douglass, which appeared as two slightly different accounts in the </span><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Sun</span><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""> and the </span><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">American.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#0.1_ftnt11">[11]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">David Troy based his analysis in part on a document packet for the use of teachers which was published on the Maryland State Archives website in 1996 and revised in 1998.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#0.1_ftnt12">[12]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">Initially Frederick Douglass was to give his remarks from a stand built in front of the Battle Monument on Calvert Street, but when he started to mount the steps the stand collapsed. He brushed himself off, commented that it must have been built by a Democrat, and moved to the Balcony of the Gilmore house. A stereo view has survived of the large crowd (numbering as much 20,000 people) intently watching the speeches from the Balcony.</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:664.32px;height:356.00px"><img alt="" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/UArKYMFRr1JXCJzF9sVCLXGGdK2mxkKBYVgDD_ETM_dzKAP4UdgjHqpkr2ALpzvzev356UES5baPQnooO3jkhcarhRgg4Qhw0sOdFTaSvTbWHCEr_zh0EXFHYpmgt31rXvUwJKEz" style="width:664.32px;height:356.00px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">source: <a href="http://www.mdhs.org/digitalimage/baltimores-african-americans-celebrate-fifteenth-amendment" target="_blank">http://www.mdhs.org/<wbr>digitalimage/baltimores-<wbr>african-americans-celebrate-<wbr>fifteenth-amendment</a></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">Douglass’s speech was apparently given without notes. The Reporter for the </span><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Sun </span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">which generally supported the Democrats and their return to power, provided this account of Douglass’s remarks:</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">As reported in the </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:700;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://msa.maryland.gov/dtroy/project/newspapers/sun&sa=D&ust=1579884144281000" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">Baltimore Sun</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">.</span></p><hr><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">REMARKS OF FREDERICK DOUGLASS</span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Frederick Douglass was introduced by Dr. Brown as the champion of liberty the first of American Orators and a son of Maryland. He is a resident of New York but he ought to be with them and work with them and they intended to have him back with them.</span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Mr. Douglass said he had often appeared before the American people as a slave and sometimes as a fugitive slave, but always as an advocate for the slave. To him this day was the day of all days. He was permitted to appear before them in the more dignified, the more elevated character of an American citizen. Thirty five years ago it was his lot to be a slave in Talbot county working side by side with slaves on a plantation. He remembered that he always looked forward with yearning to the time when Maryland should not contain a slave. Uneducated as he was he knew enough of logic of events, of the sense right and wrong that the day would come when not a chain should clank nor fetter gall, nor whip crack over a slave. The change is amazing, when he remembers how slavery was interwoven with everything civil, political social and ecclesiastical in this State. He remembers that he and his fellow slaves desired to talk about emancipation, but were prevented by the presence of the overseer. They invented a vocabulary of their own so that they would not be understood as saying anything but the most harmless things. They were talking of liberty, in fact they were the original abolitionists. The old aunty would ask a slave, "Sonny do you see anything of the pig's foot coming?" That was the way we talked about emancipation To-day we have but two of three chief things. The first thing the negro got was the cartridge box, next was the ballot-box. Some of our friends who now advocate it hardly saw it three years ago, but at last they were convinced. The next box, without which the cartridge-box and ballot-box is insufficient, is the jury box. We are in a country which, while the negro hating element sits in the jury box the negro is not protected. We want the jury box for ourselves and our white follow-citizens, for no one is hurt by justice. He then explained the purport of the fifteenth amendment, and said that here- after the black man will have no excuse, as formerly, for ignorance, or poverty or destitution. The fifteenth amendment has deprived them of all the apologies and excuses which formerly existed. We must stand up and be responsible to our fellow-citizens as independent men. We are to instruct ourselves as to men and measures and take nobody or thing on trust. Mr. Douglass asked them if they remembered which party emancipated them? [There were responses of "The republican party," and several persons responded "The democratic," which occasioned some amusement.] Mr. Douglass continued. The democratic party is the old party that for forty years stood between themselves and liberty.</span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">He pleaded guilty to the charge of running away from Maryland but it was not from Maryland he ran away. He loved Maryland, its waters, its fertile fields in Talbot county its fishing grounds and everything in it except slavery. It was slavery he ran away from He felt a little mean about it to go away with out bidding them good bye. The truth was he was afraid aid to bid them good bye for fear they would not let him go. He had some religious scruples also. He used to pray that God would release him from slavery but God did not begin to hear his prayers until he began to run.</span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Forty years ago he saw Austin Woolfolk on horseback, with about forty negroes he was going to ship to the South. That made him hate slavery. When he went North he resolved that any power he possessed should be devoted to the abolition of slavery and the enfranchisement of his race, and he has endeavored to perform faith fully his pledge, and whatever that remains to him of life shall go in the same direction. They were not indebted to Maryland for their liberty, but to the United States. Will you be as good masters to yourselves as your old masters were? Will you get up as early in the morning? Will you work as hard for yourselves as you did for your masters? Will you dream as well and be as sober and as temperate?</span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Some people say the negroes will die out. He replies to them that if two hundred and fifty years of slavery could not kill them, liberty can not. It is argued against us that we are incapable of educating our minds. We have got the cartridge box and the ballot box but the knowledge box is wanting. Are you going to educate your sons and daughters? We want our children to do better than we do and have done. The Baltimore that he knew fifty years ago was a two-story Baltimore, now it is a five story Baltimore. We want our children to add a story to their height every generation.</span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Mr. Douglass said he was no orator or great champion of liberty as announced. It was only because it was unusual to hear a black man talk that they called him so. No one knew better than he that it was not so. But he did not "let on." He don't mind telling them so now. The orators that are to come after us in this country will do great things. We have now a future and everything is possible - now we have a future. You will never, any of you, be an independent voter in your life, until you get some money in your pocket. A colored man was once advised to "vote where he could get his potatoes." Colored men like other men are apt to be grateful and men will court you on the score of interest.</span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">The</span><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"> Baltimore American</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">, which generally supported the Republican Party reported Douglass’s remarks slightly differently:</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">As reported in the </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:700;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://msa.maryland.gov/dtroy/project/newspapers/american&sa=D&ust=1579884144286000" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">Baltimore American</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">.</span></p><hr><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal">SPEECH OF FREDERICK DOUGLASS</span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Mr. Creswell's speech, which was repeatedly cheered, was followed by music from the band. Frederick Douglass Esq, was then introduced by Dr. Brown, who spoke of him as a son of Maryland who should now be working among us, and he believed he soon would be.</span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Mr. Douglass said that during the last thirty years he had often appeared before the people as a slave, sometimes as a fugitive slave, but always in behalf of the slave. But to-day he was permitted to appear before them as an American citizen. How grea t the change. Thirty five years ago he was working as a slave in Talbot county, and looked forward even then that there would some time come a day when not a fetter should clank or a whip crack over the backs of his fellow men. That day has come at last. When we remember how slavery was interlinked with all our institutions, it is amazing that today we witness this demonstration. When toiling on the plantation we slaves desired to talk of emancipation, but there stood the overseer and a word would ensure a flogging. To talk about emancipation without being discovered we invented a vocabulary, and when the over seer thought we were talking of the most simple thing we were really speaking of emancipation, but in a way that was Greek to them. [Laughter and a pplause.] The negro has now got the three belongings of American freedom. First the cartridge box, for when he got the eagle on his button and the musket on his shoulder he was free. Next came the ballot box, some of its most earnest advocates now hardly saw it three years ago, but we'll forgive them now. Next we want the jury box. [Applause.] While the negro-hating element sits in the jury box the colored man's welfare is insecure and we demand that he be represented in the halls of justice. Nobody will be injured by justice. The Fifteenth Amendment means that hereafter the black man is to have no excuse for ignorance, poverty or destitution. Our excuse for such in the past is swept away from us by the Fifteenth Amendment. We are to stand up and be resp onsible for our own existence, we must be independent men and citizens - we are to know our friends and equally to know our enemies and take none in trust. When a friend performs a good act or an enemy a malicious act towards us are we not to remember the m? [Cries of "Yes!"] I love my friends and remember my enemies. I remember that party that for forty years has been endeavoring to enslave us and crush us and I want you to remember that party at the ballot box. [Applause.] What party is that? [Cries of " Democratic!"] Do you remember the party that, when the Democrats endeavored to overthrow the Government, stepped between the Government and its blows? Then let us give three cheers for the Republican party! [Enthusiastic Cheers.] I see you are all right h ere, and I am not afraid to have election day come around. [Applause.] I loved everything of Maryland except slavery -- it was that I ran away from thirty two years ago. I felt a little mean however, and only did not stop to tell them goodbye because I wa s afraid they would not let me go. I found that God never began to hear my prayers for liberty until I began to run. Then you ought to have seen the dust rise behind me in answer to prayer. [Applause.]</span></p><p style="padding-top:12pt;color:#000000;padding-left:0;font-size:11pt;padding-bottom:12pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left;padding-right:0"><span style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">Forty years ago I sat on Kennard's wharf, at the foot of Philpot street and I saw men and women chained and put on ship to go to New Orleans. I then resolved that whatever power I had should be devoted to the freeing of my race. For thirty years in the midst of all opposition, I have endeavored to fulfil my pledge. I am here today to pledge myself that whatever remains to me of life shall go in the same direction. Possibly I ought to be in Maryland, but the time has come when the black man owes nothing to States. You are not indebted to Maryland for the fra nchise. The old ideas of State sovereignty have been abolished by the war. We have now a common country and a common legislature - there are no States but the United States. All that any man can ask of another is that he do his best for the whole country. Will you be as good masters to yourselves as your masters were to you? [Cries of better!] Will you work as hard for yourselves as you did for your masters? [Cries of yes!] Will you be as sober and temperate now as you were before? [Renewed cries of yes!] I believe you but some affect not to. They believe that you will die out like the Indian, that you cannot exist in competition with the white men. Well if two centuries and a half of slavery, the whip, prisons, and the abolition of the marriage relation could not kill you then liberty will not. [Applause.] Educate your sons and daughters, send them to school and show that besides the cartridge box, the ballot box, and the jury box, you have also the knowledge box. Build on for those who come after you. I am no orator. The orators who are to come up in the hereafter from the colored race will throw me and Langston far into the background. We have a future, everything is possible to us. Get education and get money in your pocket, and save it, for without it you will never be an independent voter.</span><sup style="font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt13">[13]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">Douglass’s exhortation to “get education and get money in your pocket” was in fact the clarion call of Reconstruction in Maryland in the face of mounting opposition and two devastating economic downturns in the 1870s and 1890s that imperiled the ability of all but the richest Americans to get money in their pockets. From the earliest years of the 19th Century to the Civil War, the Free Black Community had been arming itself through its private schools and the opportunities it was permitted to exploit for a day of Reconstruction. Some of its leaders left in despair to seek their fortunes and intellectual freedom in California (Darius Stokes) and Canada (the parents of Harvey Johnson’s wife). Others like Douglass, who escaped as a slave from Baltimore in 1838, fought the good fight by raising monetary support from Ireland, Scotland, and England. Douglass returned freed with what he had raised abroad to found the leading black newspaper in Rochester New York.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#0.1_ftnt14">[14]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="overflow:hidden;display:inline-block;margin:0.00px 0.00px;border:0.00px solid #000000;width:314.34px;height:370.68px"><img alt="" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/oWzlJGq9ucKIbnh0q5PSGSgmgjG29nVBV0xatgnvB4mCLi6Q8irnU8mvHQzPvytt6QCnkhvnhYjajRdoLIY5yoeRMq8E8T58atXE2zO24HOhnXtdDM2w3HEuoaRT9hwi_WGsqYEA" style="width:314.34px;height:370.68px;margin-left:0.00px;margin-top:0.00px" title=""></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:center"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">Hiram Revels (1827-1901) </span><span style="color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://lccn.loc.gov/2017894095&sa=D&ust=1579884144290000" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">https://lccn.loc.gov/<wbr>2017894095</a></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">Reverend Hiram Revels left his Baltimore congregation ultimately to become the first Black member of Congress under Reconstruction, but while in Baltimore he and his brother led African American Churches and participated in the Recruitment of Black soldiers.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#0.1_ftnt15">[15]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> As one biography put it: with regard to Revel’s appearance in the Senate:</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#333333;font-weight:400">Hiram Rhodes Revels was the first African American to serve in the U.S. Congress. With his moderate political orientation and oratorical skills honed from years as a preacher, Revels filled a vacant seat in the United States Senate in 1870. Just before the Senate agreed to admit a black man to its ranks on February 25, [1867] Republican Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts sized up the importance of the moment: “All men are created equal, says the great Declaration,” Sumner roared, “and now a great act attests this verity. Today we make the Declaration a reality…. The Declaration was only half established by Independence. The greatest duty remained behind. In assuring the equal rights of all we complete the work.”</span><sup style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#333333;font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt16">[16]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">Those that stayed behind in Baltimore to nurture and lead the community despite the rising tide of constriction and suppression that seemed to be the hallmark of the decade before the arrival of the Federal Troops to Baltimore, are not as well known as Darius Stokes and Hiram Revels, and their stories deserve to be told. Almost totally overlooked is the role of women in sustaining and advancing the cause of the Black Community before, during and after the Civil War. For example the life of artists and laundresses such as Charity Goviens stands as a symbol of the talent and hard work of Black Women, generally laundresses, seamstresses, and teachers.</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#0.1_ftnt17">[17]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia"">Another example is Samuel Ward Chase, one of the premier teachers and advocates for public support of Black education on an equal footing with white schools</span><sup style="font-weight:400;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="#0.1_ftnt18">[18]</a></sup><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"> In 1864 Reverend Chase would meet with Lincoln to present him with a bible for which the funds had been raised among the Baltimore Black community (over 600 individual donors) and two years before he would speak eloquently at the Israel Baptist Church in Washington D. C. His remarks as reported in the press are well worth repeating as both the voice of the Black Community of Reconstruction Baltimore, and as a plea for washing away the sins of racism that pervaded American Society and still haunt America today:</span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;border-bottom-color:null;border-left-color:null;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;border-top-color:null;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-right-color:null;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">God's dealings with the children of Ham, and their future prospects," was the topic of a lecture delivered last night in the Israel (colored) church, by Rev Samuel Chase , a colored divine of Baltimore. The speaker went back to the earliest ages, quoted largely from Bible history, and maintained that God made of one flesh all the nations of the earth. But nations, for crimes committed, have been degraded, and fallen from the high estate wherein the Creator had placed them; as in the case of the Jews, who were despised until a few years ago. The speaker argued that it was the providence of God that brought the negro here, and the colored race has been benefited thereby. The colored race here have been educated like the American family; have imbibed their political principles, but do not dare to utter them; have imbibed the same religious principles, and them they dare utter; and if the religion of the black man is wild enthusiasm, then so is that of those who taught him.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;border-bottom-color:null;border-left-color:null;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;border-top-color:null;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-right-color:null;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;border-bottom-color:null;border-left-color:null;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;border-top-color:null;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-right-color:null;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">The speaker argued that the negro had the same natural faculties as the whites, and quoted examples to show that the pure, unadulterated African may become educated and respected. The black man, beyond doubt, has the same natural qualities from Mason's to Dixon's line, and from that to Sabine.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;border-bottom-color:null;border-left-color:null;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;border-top-color:null;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-right-color:null;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;border-bottom-color:null;border-left-color:null;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;border-top-color:null;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-right-color:null;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">He argued that the Legislature of Maryland believed in the quality of natural intelligence, or they never would have desired to get the blacks out of the country by spending $10,00 a year for colonization.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;border-bottom-color:null;border-left-color:null;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;border-top-color:null;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-right-color:null;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;border-bottom-color:null;border-left-color:null;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;border-top-color:null;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-right-color:null;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">We must elevate the negro character, and that must be done by education. The pulpit is the highest position we can attain, and we must blame our white brethren for not having a more educated ministry. The Methodist Episcopal Church (white) had been particularly backward in extending education to the colored. They told us that if the Lord called us to preach, he would put words in our mouths, ad we were told to look only to Heaven and get knowledge, while the white preachers were looking all the time in the book. The speaker did not "see the point" that an uneducated negro could draw inspiration direct from Heaven, while educated white men get it from the books.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;border-bottom-color:null;border-left-color:null;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;border-top-color:null;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-right-color:null;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic">Mr. Chase urged the necessity of an educated ministry for the colored people. "I am," said he, "a black man, and I want to see the blacks educated. I love all men, but I love the black man best, and will advance his interests first and all the time. If any colored man won't endorse this, the sooner he makes peace with God and dies, the better for him and his people." The negro could and would rise, if properly educated, and they had as much right to do so as the whites. The speaker said it would cheer his heart as much as that of the white man to see his son pleading at the bar, or his daughter taking a seat to play on the forty piany.</span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;border-bottom-color:null;border-left-color:null;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;border-top-color:null;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;height:11pt;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-right-color:null;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic"></span></p><p style="border-right-style:solid;color:#000000;border-top-width:0pt;border-bottom-color:null;border-left-color:null;font-size:11pt;margin-left:36pt;border-left-style:solid;border-top-color:null;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;text-align:left;padding:0;border-right-width:0pt;line-height:1.15;border-right-color:null;border-left-width:0pt;border-top-style:solid;margin-right:0;border-bottom-width:0pt;border-bottom-style:solid;margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400">In conclusion, his audience were urged to liberally educate and sustain their ministers, as the surest mode of bringing the colored nation to a position of equality with the whites.</span><sup style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:italic;font-weight:400"><a href="#0.1_ftnt19">[19]</a></sup></p><p style="padding:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;line-height:1.15;margin-right:0;margin-left:36pt;font-family:"Arial";margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Georgia";font-style:normal"></span></p><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.15;height:11pt;text-align:center"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"></span></p></div><hr style="width:33%;height:1px"><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref1">[1]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#1155cc;text-decoration:underline"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.loc.gov/item/rc01003453/&sa=D&ust=1579884144296000" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">https://www.loc.gov/item/<wbr>rc01003453/</a></span><span style="font-size:10pt">, </span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#1155cc;text-decoration:underline"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/death-numbers/&sa=D&ust=1579884144297000" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/<wbr>americanexperience/features/<wbr>death-numbers/</a></span><span style="font-size:10pt">, </span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#1155cc;text-decoration:underline"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Proctor_Kane&sa=D&ust=1579884144298000" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<wbr>George_Proctor_Kane</a></span><span style="font-size:10pt">, </span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"></span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref2">[2]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#1155cc;text-decoration:underline"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0027/tab09.txt&sa=D&ust=1579884144302000" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">https://www.census.gov/<wbr>population/www/documentation/<wbr>twps0027/tab09.txt</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal">. From 1860 through 1930 the Black population of Baltimore remained fairly constant between13.1% and 14.8% with a peak of 16.2% in 1880.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref3">[3]</a><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"> </span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref4">[4]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:9pt">see Patrick Whang, </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Roboto";font-style:normal">"A Model Branch: The Freedman's Bank in Baltimore", an as yet unpublished paper , but available from the auithor. Patrick Whang is a Doctoral Student in Historical Studies at University of Cape Town, South Africa.</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref5">[5]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:10pt">L. Allison Wilmer, J. H. Jarrett and Geo. W. F. Vernon, </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:10pt;font-style:italic">History and Roster of Maryland Volunteers, War of 1861-5, Volume 2</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:10pt">. (Baltimore: Guggenheimer, Weil, & Co., 1899). L20937-2, </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#1155cc;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://aomol.msa.maryland.gov/000001/000366/html/index.html&sa=D&ust=1579884144300000" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">http://aomol.msa.maryland.gov/<wbr>000001/000366/html/index.html</a></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"></span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref6">[6]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> to date, no one has examined the extent to which Civil War Soldier and Widows pensions helped support the Black Community in Maryland, and particularly Baltimore where many of the aging population of Black veterans came to reside. By 1890 there were 483 USCT veterans living in Baltimore. See: </span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#1155cc;text-decoration:underline"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://msa.maryland.gov/msa/speccol/3096/html/sc3096.html%23alphB&sa=D&ust=1579884144301000" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">https://msa.maryland.gov/msa/<wbr>speccol/3096/html/sc3096.html#<wbr>alphB</a></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"></span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref7">[7]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#1155cc;text-decoration:underline"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.amazon.com/Brotherhood-Liberty-Reconstruction-Baltimore-Nineteenth/dp/0812251393&sa=D&ust=1579884144303000" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">https://www.amazon.com/<wbr>Brotherhood-Liberty-<wbr>Reconstruction-Baltimore-<wbr>Nineteenth/dp/0812251393</a></span><span style="font-size:10pt">. Halpin’s book is available as an audio file: </span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#1155cc;text-decoration:underline"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.recordedbooks.com/title-details/9781980056751&sa=D&ust=1579884144304000" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">https://www.recordedbooks.com/<wbr>title-details/9781980056751</a></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"></span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref8">[8]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> Jacobs’ speech is available on line at </span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#1155cc;text-decoration:underline"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc5300/sc5339/000060/000000/000001/restricted/ecp-4-3452/html/index.html&sa=D&ust=1579884144305000" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">https://msa.maryland.gov/<wbr>megafile/msa/speccol/sc5300/<wbr>sc5339/000060/000000/000001/<wbr>restricted/ecp-4-3452/html/<wbr>index.html</a></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"></span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref9">[9]</a><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"> Ratification by Maryland of the 14th Amendment took place finally on April 4, 1959[29] (after rejection – March 23, 1867), while the 15th Amendment granting Black men the right to vote was not ratified until May 7, 1973 (After rejection: February 4/26, 1870).</span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref10">[10]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#1155cc;text-decoration:underline;font-size:10pt"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.votingrightscelebration.com/&sa=D&ust=1579884144306000" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">www.<wbr>votingrightscelebration.com</a></span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:10pt"> </span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref11">[11]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#1155cc;text-decoration:underline"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://msa.maryland.gov/dtroy/project/story.html&sa=D&ust=1579884144307000" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">https://msa.maryland.gov/<wbr>dtroy/project/story.html</a></span><span style="font-size:10pt">; </span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#1155cc;text-decoration:underline"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://msa.maryland.gov/dtroy/project/index.html&sa=D&ust=1579884144307000" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">https://msa.maryland.gov/<wbr>dtroy/project/index.html</a></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"></span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref12">[12]</a><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"> <a href="https://msa.maryland.gov/msa/stagser/s1259/121/5381/html/0000.html" target="_blank">https://msa.maryland.gov/<wbr>msa/stagser/s1259/121/5381/<wbr>html/0000.html</a></span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref13">[13]</a><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"> <a href="https://msa.maryland.gov/dtroy/project/newspapers/speech/comparehtml.html" target="_blank">https://msa.maryland.gov/<wbr>dtroy/project/newspapers/<wbr>speech/comparehtml.html</a></span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref14">[14]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#1155cc;text-decoration:underline"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://frederickdouglassinbritain.com/&sa=D&ust=1579884144313000" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">http://<wbr>frederickdouglassinbritain.<wbr>com/</a></span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref15">[15]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#1155cc;text-decoration:underline"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://history.house.gov/People/Listing/R/REVELS,-Hiram-Rhodes-(R000166)/&sa=D&ust=1579884144308000" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">https://history.house.<wbr>gov/People/Listing/R/REVELS,-<wbr>Hiram-Rhodes-(R000166)/</a></span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal">; </span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref16">[16]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#1155cc;text-decoration:underline"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://history.house.gov/People/Listing/R/REVELS,-Hiram-Rhodes-(R000166)/&sa=D&ust=1579884144312000" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">https://history.house.<wbr>gov/People/Listing/R/REVELS,-<wbr>Hiram-Rhodes-(R000166)/</a></span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref17">[17]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#1155cc;text-decoration:underline"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.rememberingbaltimore.net/2019/11/obituaries-for-laurel-charity-govans.html&sa=D&ust=1579884144311000" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">http://www.<wbr>rememberingbaltimore.net/2019/<wbr>11/obituaries-for-laurel-<wbr>charity-govans.html</a></span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref18">[18]</a><span style="font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#1155cc;text-decoration:underline"><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.rememberingbaltimore.net/2019/06/a-teacher-among-teachers-reverend.html?m%3D0&sa=D&ust=1579884144309000" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">http://www.<wbr>rememberingbaltimore.net/2019/<wbr>06/a-teacher-among-teachers-<wbr>reverend.html?m=0</a></span></p><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;height:11pt;text-align:left"><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:10pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"></span></p></div><div><p style="padding:0;margin:0;color:#000000;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Arial";line-height:1.0;text-align:left"><a href="#0.1_ftnt_ref19">[19]</a><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#222222;font-weight:400">THE CHRISTIAN RECORDER,</span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#222222;font-weight:700"> </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#222222;font-weight:400">May 31, 1862, WASHINGTON, MAY 26, 1862, text provided by </span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;color:#1155cc;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia""><a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://accessible.com&sa=D&ust=1579884144310000" style="color:inherit;text-decoration:inherit" target="_blank">http://accessible.com</a></span><span style="background-color:#ffffff;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Georgia";color:#222222;font-weight:400">.</span><span style="color:#000000;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline;font-size:9pt;font-family:"Arial";font-style:normal"> </span></p></div></div></body></html>ecpcliohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01498580508411177787noreply@blogger.com0